Obesity, metabolic health, and brain health: Insights from a prospective cohort study.

Background: Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but its link to neurological and mental health remains unclear. This cohort study explored associations between metabolic-obesity phenotypes and multiple brain-related disorders.

Methods: This population-based prospective cohort study included 318,103 UK Biobank participants with a median follow-up of 13.

Low-temperature molten-salt enabled synthesis of highly-efficient solid-state emitting carbon dots optimized using machine learning.

Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) have garnered significant attention for their unique optoelectronic properties and applications, but their practical employment is hampered by the excessive synthesis temperature, tedious post-processing and limited solid-state luminescence efficiency. Herein, we develop a facile molten salt method to achieve the one-step synthesis of full-color CDs with efficient solid-state emission. Comprehensively, kilogram-scale solid-state CDs with a quantum yield of 90% can be readily synthesized via a salt-assisted approach under mild conditions (100-142 °C) within 10 min.

Enhanced One-Pot Cas12a-Based Nucleic Acid Detection via Epitope Insertion and Recruitment of Rad51.

The CRISPR-Cas12a system has emerged as a promising tool for nucleic acid-based diagnostics. However, its multi-step workflow and limited sensitivity hinder its integration into point-of-care testing (POCT). Here, the ECOT system (Engineered Cas12a for One-pot Test), a novel approach that combines protein engineering with one-pot detection, offering high sensitivity, specificity, and rapid response is introduced.

Clinical-transcriptomic classification of lumbar disc degeneration enhanced by machine learning.

Background: Lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) displays considerable heterogeneity in terms of clinical features and pathological changes. However, researchers have not clearly determined whether the transcriptome variations in LDD could be used to identify or interpret the causes of heterogeneity in clinical features. This study aimed to identify the transcriptomic classification of degenerated discs in LDD patients and whether the molecular subtypes of LDD could be accurately predicted using clinical features.

Knowledge of Effective Parenting Test - Internalizing Module (KEPT-I): Development and Validation in a National Sample.

Objective: We developed an internalizing module for the Knowledge of Effective Parenting Test (KEPT) to assess parenting knowledge of skills and strategies relevant to helping children manage their internalizing symptoms using an item response theory (IRT) framework.

Method: An initial item pool (40 items) was drafted and administered online to a large national sample of parents/guardians of school-age children (5 to 12 years) selected to match the U.S.

Giant 3d-4f Heterometallic Polyoxoniobates of {NaZnLnNb}, {ZnEuNb}, and {ZnLnNb} with Photonic Barcodes.

The integration of the rich electronic properties of 3d-4f heterometallic clusters with rigid and diamagnetic polyoxometalates is of great interest and is expected to yield novel materials with enhanced properties due to synergistic effects. For the first time, the study succeeds in introducing fluorescent Zn-Ln heterometallic clusters into polyoxoniobates (PONbs), forming a family of rare giant heterometallic PONbs with various architectures, including 78-metal {ZnEuNb}, 112-metal {ZnLnNb} (Ln = La, Y), and 165-metal {NaZnLnNb} (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho). These heterometallic PONbs exhibit many appealing structural features and unique building blocks.

Impact of disease- and race-based discrimination in healthcare on pain outcomes among adults living with sickle cell disease in the United States: The mediating roles of internalized stigma and depressive symptoms.

Studies have shown that disease- and race-based discrimination in healthcare exacerbate pain, yet little is known about the role of psychological processes and symptoms, such as internalized stigma and depressive symptoms, in the relationship between discrimination (i.e., enacted stigma) and pain.

Multiparametric MRI for differential diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma and atypical glioblastoma: an analysis incorporating DWI, DCE-MRI, and contrast agent preload DSC-PWI.

Purpose: The differential diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and atypical glioblastoma (aGBM) exhibiting homogeneous enhancement and negligible necrosis poses a significant challenge for conventional MRI. The study aims to investigate diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI, and contrast agent (CA) preload dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion-weighted imaging (DSC-PWI) to differentiate aGBM and PCNSL.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 27 patients with aGBM (solid enhancement without visible necrosis) and 105 patients with PCNSL, all undergoing preoperative DWI, DCE-MRI, and CA preload DSC-PWI.

Thiophenol-Catalyzed Radical Hydroformylation of Unactivated Sterically Hindered Alkenes.

Sterically congested alkenes─ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals and industrial intermediates─remain inaccessible to classical hydroformylation due to prohibitive steric strain in transition-metal catalysis. Here, we report a thiophenol-catalyzed radical hydroformylation that overcomes dual steric and electronic constraints through a synergistic system: bench-stable α-chloro -methoxyphthalimides (formyl precursors) and a tailored thiophenol HAT catalyst. This metal-free strategy achieves unprecedented hydroformylation of unactivated, tri-, and tetrasubstituted alkenes─including electron-rich styrenes and aliphatic alkene systems─with high chemo- and regioselectivity.

Quantitative Sensory Testing in an Observational Cohort of Adults With Chronic Low Back Pain.

Background: Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST), also known as psychophysical testing, includes standardized methods for assessing humans' perceptions of different types of sensory stimuli and their associated pain thresholds. QST results can be used to estimate altered or atypical sensory processing and thus can be useful for determining pain mechanisms such as nociplastic or central nervous system-mediated pain. The University of Pittsburgh Mechanistic Research Center, entitled, "Low Back Pain: Biological, Biomechanical, Behavioral Phenotypes (LBP)," is part of the National Institutes of Health's Helping to End Addiction Long-term Initiative.

Interpretable deep learning method to quantify the impact of extreme temperatures on vegetation productivity in China.

As a key ecological parameter, NPP measures the photosynthetic efficiency of plants in capturing atmospheric carbon. With the warming of the climate, extreme temperature events are frequent, which has exerted a profound influence on NPP. Previous studies on the drivers of NPP have predominantly relied on linear approaches.

Novel Compound Heterozygous Missense Variants in RPL3L Gene Associated With Neonatal Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

Dilated cardiomyopathy type 2D (CMD2D) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by neonatal-onset severe cardiomyopathy, rapid progression to cardiac decompensation, and high mortality, with heart transplantation being the only life-saving intervention. Although mutations in RPL3L, a muscle-specific ribosomal protein gene critical for cardiac and skeletal muscle function, are known to cause CMD2D, this disorder remains genetically and clinically undercharacterized. To date, only 13 patients with RPL3L-related CMD2D have been reported, with nearly all of whom are attributed to compound missense mutations.

Blocking β-adrenergic receptor signaling enhances the sensitivity of AML to MCL-1 inhibitor S63845.

Aims: Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) critically drives acute myeloid leukemia (AML) pathogenesis and represents a promising therapeutic target. Despite potent preclinical activity, the clinical efficacy of S63845, a selective MCL-1 inhibitor, remains limited in AML trials. We therefore aimed to develop novel combination strategies enhancing S63845 sensitivity.

Patient-Reported Outcomes Among an Observational Cohort of Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain.

Background: Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is complex, disabling, and costly to patients and to society. Patients' social circumstances, beliefs, and behaviors interact in a dynamic way with biomedical factors and have the potential to amplify or reduce suffering. It is important to assess the experience of pain via patient-reported outcomes (PROs).

Bisphenol F exposure induced vascular toxicity through intestinal microbiota imbalance.

Introduction: Bisphenol F (BPF), a common substitute for bisphenol A (BPA), has documented toxicity in multiple organs, but its vascular effects remain unclear. This study investigated BPF's role in vascular calcification (VC) and underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Differences in the intestinal microbiota were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.

Valorization of blueberry pomace and red mud to zero valent iron biochar for antibiotic degradation with diminishment of toxic reagents.

Application of zero valent iron biochar (ZVI-BC) activated persulfate (PS) oxidation in various antibiotics treatments has been universally confirmed. Full utilization of biomass waste characteristics to reduce usage of toxic reagents in the preparation of ZVI-BC is an environmental optimization strategy. Herein, tetracycline (TC) degradation based on PS-oxidation activated by a novel ZVI-BC (ZVI-FeO-BC) was assessed, in which blueberry pomace extraction substitutes part of sodium borohydride and red mud substitutes iron salt.

Microbial synergistic metabolic mechanism of enhanced tetrabromobisphenol A removal by bio-electrochemical system coupled constructed wetland.

The widespread existence of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in the aquatic environment requires efficient treatment technology. The feasibility and related molecular mechanisms for the simultaneous deep removal of nitrate and TBBPA in a bio-electrochemical system coupled with a constructed wetland (BES-CW) are unclear. This study fabricated the BES-CW to achieve simultaneously deep removal of nitrate and TBBPA.

Enantioselective construction of cyclic quaternary stereocenters via dinuclear copper catalyzed asymmetric [3 + 2] propargylation/annulation.

While copper-catalyzed asymmetric propargylic substitution has emerged as a versatile tool for constructing chiral propargylic frameworks, its application in forging cyclic chiral quaternary carbon centers remains a significant synthetic challenge. This work demonstrates a dinuclear copper-catalyzed asymmetric [3 + 2] annulation strategy between tertiary propargyl carbonates and diverse C,O-bisnucleophiles under mild conditions. The protocol enables efficient synthesis of chiral dihydrofurans featuring cyclic quaternary stereocenters with broad substrate compatibility.

Response characteristics of shale permeability to cyclic loading under different gas pressures.

The permeability evolution characteristics of low-permeability shale layers directly influence shale gas development. However, the evolution law of shale reservoir permeability in complex environments remains unclear. Therefore, understanding the permeability characteristics of shale layers is of great significance.

Bimodal onset and pan-cancer uniformity of immune-mediated liver injury: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Immune-mediated liver injury (IMLI) is a critical adverse event in patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. The study aims to characterize the clinical heterogeneity, temporal dynamics, and immunological drivers of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-associated IMLI and optimize surveillance and management strategies.

Methods: We retrospectively recruited 373 IMLI patients.

Chiral medium-sized rings beyond central chirality.

Chiral medium-sized rings (MSRs), cyclic molecular structures comprising 7-11-membered rings, are prevalent in bioactive molecules owing to their unique three-dimensional structures and pharmacological properties. Compared with the extensively studied central chirality, MSRs with unconventional chirality - that is, axial chirality, inherent chirality and planar chirality - remain underexplored. The past decade has witnessed rapid advances in this field, with breakthroughs in their synthesis and applications.

Organocatalytic kinetic resolution of sulfinamides by N/O exchange.

Kinetic resolution is a promising strategy for accessing enantioenriched molecules from racemic mixtures. However, this method has not previously been realized in the synthesis of chiral sulfinyl scaffolds via S(IV)-X bond exchange. We disclose a kinetic resolution reaction of sulfinamides with alcohols in this report.

Oral vaccination with live Mycoplasma pneumoniae elicits a respiratory protective immunity in a murine model.

Vaccine development targeting Mycoplasma pneumoniae began in the 1960s, but achieving safe and effective immunization is still challenging. Careful consideration of the immunization pathway is one of the critical aspects of vaccine development. In this investigation, C57BL/6 J mice were intragastrically vaccinated with live M.

Characterization of ribosome heterogeneity during endothelial to hematopoietic transition.

Emerging evidence has demonstrated that ribosomes are not homogeneous structures with non-specialized functions. There are now several reports of heterogeneity in the composition and functional specialization of ribosomes. Ribosome heterogeneity functions in regulating the translation of specific mRNAs, and thus plays important roles in embryonic development.

Factors associated with dyslipidemia among healthcare workers in a COVID-19-designated hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China: A retrospective cohort study from 2019 to 2022.

Background: This study investigated dyslipidemia and its relative factors among Chinese healthcare workers from 2019 to 2022.

Method: This retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2019 to 2022. The endpoints were dyslipidemia or the end of follow-up.