Obesity, metabolic health, and brain health: Insights from a prospective cohort study.

Background: Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but its link to neurological and mental health remains unclear. This cohort study explored associations between metabolic-obesity phenotypes and multiple brain-related disorders.

Methods: This population-based prospective cohort study included 318,103 UK Biobank participants with a median follow-up of 13.

Toxicity of Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol toward Nerve Cells.

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) accounts for a large fraction of fine particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere. Epidemiological studies have shown that SOA has adverse effects on human health. However, the current knowledge of the SOA's effect on the nervous system remains poorly understood.

Overexpression of the ferroptosis-related gene, NFS1, corresponds to gastric cancer growth and tumor immune infiltration.

The current work has further elucidated the expression and functional implication of cysteine desulfurase (NFS1) in gastric cancer (GC), the prognostic value, and therapeutic target because of the interaction with tumor immune infiltration and ferroptosis. Transcriptomic data from TCGA and GTEX were analyzed to assess mRNA expression and survival correlation with NFS1 among GC patients. A total of 152 GC cases were retrospectively analyzed.

Van der Waals Integration of 1D NbPdSe and 2D WSe for Gate-Tunable In-Sensor Image Processing.

1D and 2D integrations provide significant promise for machine vision by enabling compact, power-efficient optoelectronic devices. However, the potential of 1D materials in mixed-dimensional structures for convolutional image processing remains largely unexplored. Here, high-quality 1D-NbPdSe is synthesized and integrated with 2D-WSe to form self-powered photodetectors, exhibiting gate-tunable bi-directional photoresponse for image processing.

Large depth-of-field 3D measurement with multi-view fusion in MEMS-based structured light field.

Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) is widely used in industrial metrology and 3D scanning. However, relying on traditional lens-based imaging mechanism, existing FPP systems face challenges in achieving high-precision measurement over large depth range. To overcome this limitation, this paper presents an approach integrating micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) projection with light field imaging (LFI).

Heterogeneity of metastatic gastric cancer: solitary non-regional lymph node metastasis and solitary lung metastasis showed better survival outcomes than other metastatic patterns.

Background: Although metastatic gastric cancer has remarkably poor prognosis, a small group of patients achieved relatively favorable survival outcomes due to the disease's variable biological behavior. The study aimed to investigate the impact of metastatic patterns on survival outcomes of metastatic gastric cancer patients.

Methods: Patients with distant metastatic (M1) gastric cancer in the China National Cancer Center between January 1999 to December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed.

Structural basis for Salmonella infection by two Microviridae phages.

The global resurgence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella species, responsible for millions of annual infections, underscores the urgent need for alternative antimicrobial strategies, such as phage therapy. Microviridae phages offer a promising model for studying phage-host interactions with their unique structural and infection mechanisms. Here, we identify two Microviridae phages, PJNS001 and PJNS002, with different host receptor dependencies, and determine their cryo-EM structures at 2.

Research status of triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI index).

Insulin resistance (IR) represents a pivotal metabolic risk factor, with metabolic abnormalities intricately linked to increased predisposition to cardiovascular, digestive, and immune system disorders. While the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index is widely recognized as a simple and specific surrogate marker for IR, the triglyceride glucose body mass index (TyG-BMI), incorporating obesity metrics, has emerged as a more robust predictor of IR. Growing evidence underscores the strong association between TyG-BMI index and multisystem diseases that span cardiovascular, metabolic, and neoplastic pathways.

Research progress in the role of gut microbiota in ethanol metabolism.

In recent years, gut microbiota has been increasingly recognized as a key player in ethanol metabolism and the development of related diseases. On one hand, ethanol intake directly affects the gut, leading to significant alterations in microbial diversity and composition. On the other hand, gut microbiota influences ethanol-induced damage to various organs, especially the liver, through multiple metabolic byproducts (such as short-chain fatty acids like butyrate, propionate, and acetate), modulation of immune responses, alteration of intestinal barrier function, and regulation of ethanol-metabolizing enzymes.

Assessing the ecological risk and its driving forces on Islands using the Pressure-State-Response model.

Islands are important sources of environmental resources, and assessing their ecological status is important to ensure their sustainable use, conservation, and management. We use the Pressure-State-Response model to identify 12 risk sources, 7 risk receptors, and 2 risk responses, in a system that factors in the probability of risk occurrence and ecosystem fragility. An ecological risk identification matrix for island ecosystems is established, which, in combination with risk value computations and grading criteria, enables the determination of the risk level of island ecosystems.

Astaxanthin prevents postovulatory oocyte aging by targeting TNFR2 and inhibiting the TNF signaling pathway.

Background: MII oocytes undergo time-dependent aging after ovulation, which is closely associated with impaired fertilization potential, poor embryo quality, and an increased risk of miscarriage. The apoptosis of cumulus cells and their secretion of TNF-α are identified as the primary contributors to postovulatory oocyte aging.

Results: In this study, we demonstrated that astaxanthin supplementation in culture medium effectively prevents postovulatory oocyte aging and extends oocyte lifespan in vitro.

Lactate trajectories and outcomes in patients with sepsis in the intensive care unit: group-based trajectory modeling.

Background: Sepsis is highly heterogeneous. Therefore, identifying biomarkers that can stratify patients with sepsis into more homogeneous cohorts to develop individualized treatment and care measures for patients and carry out early intervention to reduce the risk of death and improve the prognosis of patients has become a current research hotspot.

Methods: Using the MIMIC-IV database, we analyzed data from 1,575 adult patients with sepsis.

Efficacy and Mechanism of Bazi Bushen Capsule on Skin Laxity: A Combination of Clinical and Network Pharmacology Study.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the mechanism of Bazi Bushen Capsule (BZBS) in treating skin laxity by combining network pharmacology and clinical research.

Methods: The active ingredients and potential drug targets of BZBS were obtained from TCMSP, TCMBANK, and SuperTCM databases. The potential disease targets of skin laxity were obtained from GeneCards, OMIM, and DisGeNET databases.

Updated long-term survival outcomes for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer having pathological complete response after neoadjuvant therapy at China National Cancer Center, 2004-2023.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy increases the probability of achieving negative margins and may even lead to pathological complete response (pCR) in locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC). The incorporation of neoadjuvant immunotherapy is promising in further enhancing the pCR rate. However, long-term survival outcomes and factors affecting the prognosis of pCR patients have not been fully elucidated.

An AIM2 inflammasome biomimetic mineralization inhibitor for vascular dementia therapy.

Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome-mediated effector plays critical roles in multiple disease pathologies. While nanotechnology has revolutionized therapeutic development through novel approaches, the potential regulatory effects of nanoparticles on AIM2 inflammasome activity remain unexplored. Here, guided by clinical patient data and computational modeling, we developed an AIM2 inflammasome-targeting biomimetic mineralization inhibitor for vascular dementia (VaD) therapy.

Prediction model for unplanned extubation of thoracoabdominal drainage tube in postoperative inpatients: a retrospective study.

Background: It is crucial to identify the risk factors for unplanned extubation (UEX) in thoracoabdominal drainage tubes as early as possible and establish applicable risk prediction model to reduce the incidence of UEX.

Methods: A retrospective survey of patients who underwent Thoracoabdominal drainage tubes placement at a tertiary hospital was conducted in Zhejiang Province, China, between January 2020 and January 2023. A training set was established to build the predictive model and conduct internal validation, which was assessed for discrimination using ROC curves and for Calibration using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and Calibration curves.

Laser-Driven microjet via metal foil ablation.

This article introduces a novel approach to transdermal drug delivery using a laser-driven microjet device. By employing laser ablation on thin metal foils, plasma jets are generated, which in turn induce deformation in a silicone membrane, resulting in sufficient pressure to propel liquid jets for transdermal drug delivery. Aluminum and copper foils, which are closely adhered to the silicone membrane, undergo laser treatment with varying energy densities using a nanosecond Nd: YAG laser.

Phenotypic Characters and Inheritance Tendency of Agronomic Traits in F1 Progeny of Pear.

Studying fruit genetic trends, heterosis, and growth traits in pear hybrid progeny provides the foundation for variety breeding. The aim of this research is to reveal the trait performance of the hybrid progeny of Chinese white pear and Western pear and provide a theoretical basis for other breeders to predict the trait performance of their hybrid progeny when selecting Eastern pear and Western pear as parents. Our research team constructed a 'Yuluxiang' × 'Xianghongli' interspecific hybrid population in 2015, and in 2023, we conducted a two-year investigation of 16 traits in 140 hybrid progeny, including 11 fruit traits and 5 growth traits, and analyzed and compared the genetic variation and heterosis of traits, as well as the correlation between various traits.

Global Optimization of Large Molecular Systems Using Rigid-Body Chain Stochastic Surface Walking.

The global potential energy surface (PES) search of large molecular systems remains a significant challenge in chemistry due to "the curse of dimensionality". To address this, here we develop a rigid-body chain method in the framework of a stochastic surface walking (SSW) global optimization method, termed rigid-body chain SSW (RC-SSW). Based on the angle-axis representation for a single rigid body, our algorithm realizes the cooperative motion of connected rigid bodies and achieves the coupling between rigid-body chain movement and lattice variation in the generalized coordinate.

The diagnostic value of spectral CT plain scan after direct lymphangiography in chylothorax as an applicable tool.

Background: The difficulty in the diagnosis of chylothorax lies mainly in the fine structure of the lymphatic system, and the rupture of microscopic, branched lymphatic vessels which cannot be accurately diagnosed, and spectral computed tomography (CT) scanning can fill the gaps in the diagnosis of chylothorax in terms of the structure of the lymphatic system and the analysis of material composition. The study aims to elucidate the value of spectral CT plain scan after direct lymphangiography (DLG) in the diagnosis of chylothorax.

Methods: From January 2018 to December 2023, we retrospectively recruited 59 patients with clinically confirmed diagnosis of chylothorax, and all patients underwent spectral CT after DLG scanning to observe the abnormalities of lymphatic vessels and the CT findings of other thoracic abnormalities, including abnormal contrast deposition, abnormal changes in the lungs, pleura, thoracic cavity, and mediastinum.

Unveiling the Cuproptosis in Colitis and Colitis-Related Carcinogenesis: A Multifaceted Player and Immune Moderator.

Cuproptosis represents a novel mechanism of cellular demise characterized by the intracellular buildup of copper ions. Unlike other cell death mechanisms, its distinct process has drawn considerable interest for its promising applications in managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Emerging evidence indicates that copper metabolism and cuproptosis may exert dual regulatory effects within pathological cellular environments, specifically modulating oxidative stress responses, metabolic reprogramming, and immunotherapeutic efficacy.

Small-molecule dissolution of stress granules by redox modulation benefits ALS models.

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are often associated with mutations in stress granule proteins. Aberrant stress granule condensate formation is associated with disease, making it a potential target for pharmacological intervention. Here, we identified lipoamide, a small molecule that specifically prevents cytoplasmic condensation of stress granule proteins.

Endoscopic variceal ligation combined with carvedilol versus endoscopic variceal ligation combined with propranolol for the treatment of oesophageal variceal bleeding in cirrhosis: study protocol for a multicentre, randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Liver cirrhosis and its severe complication, oesophageal variceal bleeding (EVB), pose significant health risks. Standard treatment for EVB combines non-selective beta-blockers (NSBB) with endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL). Carvedilol, an NSBB with additional benefits, is preferred for compensated cirrhosis.

T-betCD8 T cells govern anti-PD-1 responses in microsatellite-stable gastric cancers.

More than 90% of advanced gastric cancers (GC) are microsatellite-stable (MSS). Compared to the high response rate of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in microsatellite-instability-high (MSI-H) GCs, only 10% of unstratified MSS GCs respond to ICIs. In this study, we apply semi-supervised learning to stratify potential ICI responders in MSS GCs, achieving high accuracy, quantified by an area under the curve of 0.

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and allergic diseases in Korean adults: KNHANES 2013-2016.

Background: The prevalence of allergic diseases [e.g., asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), atopic dermatitis (AD)] has increased significantly in recent years, which is coincides with a shift in modern eating habits.