Inhibition of ferroptosis by serine protease inhibitor attenuates acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), characterized by high mortality, involves multiple molecular programs, notably ferroptosis-a form of immunogenic cell death driven by iron overload and lipid peroxidation. Ulinastatin (UTI), a serine protease inhibitor, shows clinical efficacy in ARDS, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. We aim to identify potential molecular targets in this process to promote clinical translation in ARDS treatment.

New Advances in Small Molecules Targeted at Viral Capsid-Genome Binding.

The capsid protein plays a crucial role in the viral life cycle. By interacting with the viral genome, it facilitates the assembly of the nucleocapsid, ultimately leading to the formation of the viral particle. Therefore, interfering with or disrupting the interaction between the capsid protein and viral genome can effectively inhibit viral replication and infection.

A polyimine vitrimer/cellulose nanofibrils composite film with excellent biodegradability and recyclability for plastic substitute.

Plastic pollution has been one of the biggest challenges to the ecological environment. Polyimine vitrimer (PI) synthesized by dynamic imine chemistry is degradable and closed-loop recyclable, making it a promising candidate to replace conventional nondegradable plastics. However, most PIs exhibit poor mechanical properties, which seriously weaken their application potential.

sp.2 Parasitism on Host Metabolic and Immune Regulations by Transcriptome Analysis.

Parasitoids are crucial natural enemies of , a globally notorious pest. Upon parasitization, host metabolism and immune responses were profoundly disrupted, thereby favoring the development of wasps offsprings. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive.

Association between changes in corrected anion gap and mortality among critically ill patients during ICU stay: a multicenter observational study.

Background: The research on the impact of dynamic corrected anion gap (cAG) on prognosis is scarce.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in cAG (ΔcAG) during intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization and mortality.

Methods: In this multicenter, retrospective cohort study, patients with both initial and final records of serum sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, and albumin were recruited from the eICU Collaborative Research Database.

Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) mediates cisplatin-induced cochlear inflammation and hair cell apoptosis.

Despite its efficacy in cancer treatment, cisplatin is significantly limited by its debilitating ototoxicity and the poorly understood mechanisms underlying this adverse effect. This study investigates the role of formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), a G protein-coupled receptor, in cisplatin-induced hearing loss. We demonstrate a significant upregulation of FPR2 in the cochlea of mice after cisplatin exposure, accompanied by profound hearing loss.

New Advances in Anti-HIV-1 Strategies Targeting the Assembly and Stability of Capsid Protein.

The HIV-1 capsid has emerged as a highly attractive drug target due to its highly conserved sequence and critical role in the viral life cycle. By disrupting interactions between capsid proteins and impairing the proper assembly or disassembly of the capsid, the inhibitors can effectively suppress HIV-1 replication and infection. Based on this mechanism, numerous small-molecule agents targeting the HIV-1 capsid protein have been developed to date.

Systematic analysis of the burden of chronic kidney disease due to type 2 diabetes attributable to dietary risks based on the global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: Dietary factors play a crucial role in the development of chronic kidney disease due to diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D-related CKD). However, comprehensive data on the global burden of T2D-related CKD attributable to dietary risks remain limited.

Methods: This study conducted a secondary analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021.

Phenotypic Characters and Inheritance Tendency of Agronomic Traits in F1 Progeny of Pear.

Studying fruit genetic trends, heterosis, and growth traits in pear hybrid progeny provides the foundation for variety breeding. The aim of this research is to reveal the trait performance of the hybrid progeny of Chinese white pear and Western pear and provide a theoretical basis for other breeders to predict the trait performance of their hybrid progeny when selecting Eastern pear and Western pear as parents. Our research team constructed a 'Yuluxiang' × 'Xianghongli' interspecific hybrid population in 2015, and in 2023, we conducted a two-year investigation of 16 traits in 140 hybrid progeny, including 11 fruit traits and 5 growth traits, and analyzed and compared the genetic variation and heterosis of traits, as well as the correlation between various traits.

A targeted approach: Gene and RNA editing for neurodegenerative disease treatment.

With the global aging trend, neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have emerged as a significant public health concern in the 21st century, imposing substantial economic burdens on families and society. NDs are characterized by cognitive and motor decline, resulting from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Currently, there is no cure for NDs.

RIPK3-MLKL dependent necroptosis mediates depressive-like behavior by facilitating neuroinflammation.

Background: Neuroinflammation is a critical pathophysiological mechanism of depression. But the sources and processes involved remain unclear. Recent reports suggest that necroptosis with pro-inflammatory properties may facilitate inflammation.

Global, regional, and national burden of myocarditis and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021: updated systematic analysis.

Background: Comprehending the current epidemiological trends and risk factors of myocarditis is crucial for guiding future targeted prevention and treatment strategies.

Methods: Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021, we conducted a secondary analysis of the incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of myocarditis by sex, age group and socio-demographic index (SDI) across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. And non-optimal temperatures, defined as same-day exposure to ambient temperatures deviating from the minimum death risk threshold, were identified as risk-factors for myocarditis-related death and DALYs.

Platelet count trajectory patterns and prognosis in critically ill patients with thrombocytopenia: Based on latent growth mixture model analysis.

Background: The role of longitudinal platelet count trajectories in critically ill patients with thrombocytopenia is unclear. This study aimed to identify the association between trajectory patterns and prognosis and assess whether these patterns could enhance the predictive capability of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) IV or Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores for mortality.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study employed latent growth mixture modeling (LGMM) to identify platelet count trajectory patterns.

Global, regional, and national burden of congenital heart disease, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.

Unlabelled: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a major birth defect characterized by structural and functional heart abnormalities. This study provides updated estimates of CHD prevalence, mortality, and disability using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database. We examined the age-standardized rates of CHD prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021, stratified by gender, age group, and region.

Characterization of Leptin and Leptin Receptor Gene in the Siberian Sturgeon (): Molecular Cloning, Tissue Distribution, and Its Involvement in Feeding Regulation.

Leptin is an adipokine known as a regulator of feeding and metabolism in mammals. Previous studies on fish have revealed its role in food intake regulation in limited teleosts. However, its specific function in Siberian sturgeon, an ancient Chondrostei fish, remains poorly understood.

Acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP) in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii Brandt): Characterization, synthesis and orexigenic function.

Acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP) exhibits the activity of autophagy and lipid metabolism regulation in mammals, but its indispensable role in appetite regulation has received great attention in recent years. However, its feeding regulation function in fish is unclear. In this study, we cloned the acbp gene of Siberian Sturgeon (Abacbp) which possesses high homology with those of other vertebrate species and extremely high expression in duodenum and hypothalamus.

Shift work sleep disorder in nurses: a concept analysis.

Aim: This study seeks to elucidate the concept of shift work sleep disorder (SWSD) among nurses, thereby offering a comprehensive understanding that can inform future research and practical interventions.

Methods: Walker and Avant's concept analysis method was employed to guide the study. A systematic literature review was conducted utilizing various databases, including PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, and Sino Med.

Aerosolized plus intravenous polymyxin B in comparison to intravenous polymyxin B alone for the management of HAP caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria: A prospective multicenter cohort study.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of combined aerosolized (AER) and intravenous (IV) polymyxin B in managing patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative organism (CRO).

Methods: This multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted across six intensive care units in municipal and above-municipal hospitals in Shaanxi, China, from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. Patients with CRO pneumonia were categorized into the intravenous group (IV polymyxin B alone) and the combination group (AER plus IV polymyxin B).

Remimazolam inhibits apoptosis of endothelial and epithelial cells by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway in acute lung injury.

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are significant burdens on global health. Remimazolam (REM), a novel sedative, has shown potential in its anti-inflammatory effects. However, a lack of evidence currently hinders our ability to determine if REM can improve ALI/ARDS.

Causal relationships between obesity-related anthropometric indicators and sepsis risk: a Mendelian-randomization study.

Background: Previous studies have reported an association between obesity and risk of sepsis. However, the results have been inconsistent, and no causal inference can be drawn from them. Therefore, we conducted a Mendelian-randomization (MR) study to investigate causal relationships between available obesity-related anthropometric indicators and sepsis risk.

Contagion of depression: a double-edged sword.

Depression is a significant mental health issue with extensive economic implications, and recent studies suggest it may be transmitted between individuals. However, the mechanisms of this contagion remain unclear, and the social buffering effect has been understudied. This research employs three rodent models, including stress crossover, cohabitation-induced, and non-contact induced depression contagion models, to explore these mechanisms.

Association between base excess and mortality in critically ill patients with ischemic stroke: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Base excess (BE) is associated with mortality from many diseases. However, the relationship between BE and mortality in patients with ischemic stroke remains uncertain. Our aim is to investigate the relationship between BE values upon admission to the ICU and mortality rates in critically ill stroke patients.

Novel Classification of Cardiovascular Disease Subtypes Reveals Associations Between Mortality and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Insights from the United Kingdom Biobank Study.

Background: Traditional association studies of cardiovascular disease (CVD) categorizations and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) yielded conflicting findings. We propose a novel classification system based on fundamental characteristics of cardiovascular patients, such as age, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, to more accurately assess the impact of PUFAs (plasma measures) such as omega (ω)-3 (n-3) and ω-6 on mortality in cardiovascular patients.

Methods: Principal component analysis and -means clustering were used to determine the CVD subtype.