Treatment of Acquired Dermal Macular Hyperpigmentation With Oral Isotretinoin: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study of 121 Cases.

The term acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation (ADMH) was introduced to unify Riehl's melanosis (RM), lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP), and related entities. These are cosmetically distressing pigmentary disorders that pose therapeutic challenges. To investigate the efficacy and safety of oral isotretinoin in treating ADMH, we conducted a muticenter retrospective study of patients with ADMH treated with oral isotretinoin between 2014 and 2024.

Combined effects of high-fat diet feeding and Streptococcus agalactiae infection on lipid metabolism, antioxidant status, and immune response in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

High-fat diet (HFD) and Streptococcus agalactiae are common pathogenic factors affecting tilapia health, yet their combined effects and underlying mechanisms are not well understood. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the potential response mechanisms in tilapia subjected to both factors. Tilapia were fed normal (NC) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 90 days, then challenged with S.

Urate-lowering and renal-protective effects of sugarcane polyphenols in hyperuricemia: mechanisms and key components.

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally elevated levels of uric acid (UA) in the blood, often accompanied by renal damage. The continuous rise in HUA incidence necessitates the development of safe, efficient natural urate-lowering pathways. This study combined network pharmacology prediction with rat model experiments to systematically evaluate the urate-lowering potential of sugarcane polyphenols (SP), a byproduct of the sugarcane sugar industry.

Simple and High-Throughput Quantification of Mono- and Bivalent Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Vaccine Antigens by Differential Scanning Fluorimetry.

Background/objectives: An accurate quantification of the effective antigens from different serotypes is essential for the quality control of multivalent vaccines, but it remains challenging. Herein, we developed a simple and high-throughput method using differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) for quantifying foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antigens in monovalent and bivalent vaccines.

Methods: Purified serotypes A and O FMDV were used to establish and validate the method.

New Advances in Small Molecules Targeted at Viral Capsid-Genome Binding.

The capsid protein plays a crucial role in the viral life cycle. By interacting with the viral genome, it facilitates the assembly of the nucleocapsid, ultimately leading to the formation of the viral particle. Therefore, interfering with or disrupting the interaction between the capsid protein and viral genome can effectively inhibit viral replication and infection.

Edge Terminations Induced Structural Instability in 2D LP-N and HLP-N.

LP-N and HLP-N are promising high-energy-density materials. However, high-pressure synthesized samples cannot be quenched to 0 GPa. Furthermore, studies of their stability under ambient pressure are limited, and the underlying mechanism of their instability remains unclear.

Effect of Sugarcane Polyphenol Extract on α-Amylase Inhibition and Mechanism Exploration.

Although α-amylase is crucial for postprandial glucose control, existing inhibitors present various side effects, necessitating the exploration of natural alternatives. The ability of sugarcane polyphenol (SP) to inhibit α-amylase remains unclear. This study assessed the inhibitory activity of SP via in vitro assays, circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence quenching, and stability analysis, while the mechanism of action was elucidated using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD).

Pathogenesis guided application of nanozymes in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gut that has caused an escalating burden on the global healthcare system in recent years. Researchers have been actively seeking innovative therapeutic strategies to combat this intractable disease. Recent advances in nanozyme technology have opened up new avenues for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for IBD.

A dynamic prediction model for predicting the time at which patients with MCI progress to AD based on time-dependent covariates.

Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that imposes a significant burden on families and society. Timely intervention during the transitional stages from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to AD can help mitigate this issue. The MCI-to-AD conversion time would be helpful if it could be predicted.

New Advances in Anti-HIV-1 Strategies Targeting the Assembly and Stability of Capsid Protein.

The HIV-1 capsid has emerged as a highly attractive drug target due to its highly conserved sequence and critical role in the viral life cycle. By disrupting interactions between capsid proteins and impairing the proper assembly or disassembly of the capsid, the inhibitors can effectively suppress HIV-1 replication and infection. Based on this mechanism, numerous small-molecule agents targeting the HIV-1 capsid protein have been developed to date.

Visible Light Protection: An Updated Review of Tinted Sunscreens.

Background/purpose: Visible light (VL), a substantial component of solar radiation, contributes to skin photodamage, including hyperpigmentation and erythema. Tinted sunscreens have emerged as effective tools for mitigating VL-induced effects, yet challenges remain in their adoption and utilization. This review updates recent evidence on their clinical efficacy and explores obstacles constraining their broader recognition and utilization.

Successful treatment of refractory erythrodermic pemphigus foliaceus with low-dose rituximab and intravenous immunoglobulin.

Background: Erythrodermic pemphigus foliaceus (EPF) is a severe, often refractory autoimmune disease.

Method: We report successful treatment of refractory EPF in a 59-year-old male using low-dose rituximab (RTX) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).

Results: Initial high-dose corticosteroids and IVIG failed, complicated by infections.

Sugarcane Molasses Polyphenol Extract Attenuates Alcohol-Induced Chronic Liver Damage via Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and CYP2E1/Keap1/NF-κB Pathway Modulation.

Background/objective: The prevention and treatment of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) urgently require safe and effective nutritional intervention strategies. Polyphenol extracts from sugarcane molasses (SP) show antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, yet their protective effects against ALD have not been elucidated. This study explored the therapeutic potential of SP in alcohol-induced chronic liver damage.

Multi-group global tests for restricted mean survival time and restricted mean time lost: a variable transformation approach.

Background: Restricted mean survival time (RMST) quantifies survival benefits in single-endpoint analysis, while restricted mean time lost (RMTL) measures event-related time loss in competing risks settings. Both provide clinically intuitive interpretations of treatment effects without relying on proportional hazards assumptions or parametric distributions. While existing RMST/RMTL methods focus primarily on two-group comparisons, multi-arm trials are common in practice.

Developing novel dynamic prediction methods for survival time to analyze short-term and long-term progression of Alzheimer's disease.

Tracking and monitoring mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients to intervene promptly at the imminent onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are crucial. However, existing dynamic survival prediction models for the conversion from MCI to AD are mostly based on hazard rates, which are less intuitive to interpret and require adherence to the proportional hazards assumption. To address this, we propose a Bayesian joint model (JM) based on the time scale indicator of the restricted mean survival time (RMST), which can capture the trajectories of multiple longitudinal covariates and dynamically predict the patient time to event.

Exfoliating from high-pressure arsenic-nitrogen compounds: an efficient way to obtain 2D-AsN.

AsN compounds show potential for optoelectronic applications and are considered promising candidates for solar cell materials. Here, new arsenic-nitrogen compounds (, AsN, AsN, AsN) have been identified under pressure by first-principles calculations. We find that the cubic phase of reported AsN compounds transforms into the newly discovered layered 2 phase at 19 GPa and then transitions to the phase at 63 GPa.

Exploring New Bioorthogonal Catalysts: Scaffold Diversity in Catalysis for Chemical Biology.

Bioorthogonal catalysis has revolutionized the field of chemical biology by enabling selective and controlled chemical transformations within living systems. Research has converged on the development of innovative catalyst scaffolds, seeking to broaden the scope of bioorthogonal reactions, boost their efficiency, and surpass the limitations of conventional catalysts. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in bioorthogonal catalyst research based on different scaffold materials.

The Therapeutic and Preventive Effects of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) for Post-Inflammatory Erythema and Hyperpigmentation: A Pilot Study.

Background/Purpose Photobiomodulation (PBM) using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) benefits tissue regeneration and wound healing. However, evidence regarding the efficacy of LED for post-inflammatory erythema (PIE) and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is limited. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of medical LED (830 nm and 590 nm) in the prevention and treatment of PIE and PIH.

Emerging role of regulatory T cells in the immunopathogenesis of vitiligo and implications for treatment.

Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease that targets pigment-producing melanocytes and results in depigmentation. This disfiguring condition frequently affects visible areas of the body and therefore causes a heavy psychological burden and a decreased quality of life. Although it remains intractable, the ever-growing understanding of its immunopathogenesis has dramatically shaped the treatment paradigm for vitiligo.

Fundamental effects of array density and modulation frequency on image quality of diffuse optical tomography.

Background: Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) provides three-dimensional image reconstruction of chromophore perturbations within a turbid volume. Two leading strategies to optimize DOT image quality include, (i) arrays of regular, interlacing, high-density (HD) grids of sources and detectors with closest spacing less than 15 mm, or (ii) source modulated light of order ∼100 MHz.

Purpose: However, the general principles for how these crucial design parameters of array density and modulation frequency may interact to provide an optimal system design have yet to be elucidated.