Non-targeted and Targeted Metabolomics Techniques Reveal Striatal Metabolome Characteristics in the Ketamine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference Mice Model.

Ketamine is a synthesized anesthetic drug that was used extensively as a surgical anesthetic in the 1960s. Currently, ketamine is being investigated extensively for its potential as a treatment for depression. However, the addictive nature of ketamine has become an issue that cannot be ignored at this stage.

Estimation of postmortem interval under different ambient temperatures based on multi-organ metabolomics and machine learning algorithm.

In forensic practice, the estimation of postmortem interval has been a persistent challenge. Recently, there has been an increasing utilization of metabolomics techniques combined with machine learning methods for postmortem interval estimation. When examining metabolite changes from a global perspective, rather than relying on specific substance changes, estimating postmortem interval through machine learning methods is more precise and entails fewer errors.

Sex- and ALDH2-dependent differences in alcohol metabolism and psychomotor performance: a study in Han Chinese adults after binge drinking.

Background: Psychomotor impairments due to alcohol consumption may lead to a series of negative consequences. However, the influence of sex and polymorphism on psychomotor dysfunction has not yet been investigated.

Methods: One-hundred and three participants, genotyped for rs671, were administered a dose of 1.

Fundamental effects of array density and modulation frequency on image quality of diffuse optical tomography.

Background: Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) provides three-dimensional image reconstruction of chromophore perturbations within a turbid volume. Two leading strategies to optimize DOT image quality include, (i) arrays of regular, interlacing, high-density (HD) grids of sources and detectors with closest spacing less than 15 mm, or (ii) source modulated light of order ∼100 MHz.

Purpose: However, the general principles for how these crucial design parameters of array density and modulation frequency may interact to provide an optimal system design have yet to be elucidated.

Untargeted and targeted metabolomics analysis of CO poisoning and mechanical asphyxia postmortem interval biomarkers in rat and human plasma by GCMS.

Accurate and objective estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI) is crucial in forensic practice. This study aimed to infer PMI through equations based on the relationship between PMI and metabolomics biomarkers.Rats were subjected to models representing various temperatures and causes of death, with blood collected at different intervals.

Proteomic Characteristics of the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus in Mice with Chronic Ketamine-Induced Anxiety and Cognitive Impairment.

Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder with diverse symptoms, has been linked to ketamine, known for its N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonistic properties. Understanding the distinct roles and mechanisms of ketamine is crucial, especially regarding its induction of schizophrenia-like symptoms. Recent research highlights the impact of ketamine on key brain regions associated with schizophrenia, specifically the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (Hip).

[Determination of Dichloromethane in Blood with Headspace Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry].

Objective: To establish a method for qualitative determination of dichloromethane (DCM) in blood by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and quantitative determination of DCM in blood by headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC), and to provide reliable support for forensic examination and analysis of poisoning or deaths caused by DCM.

Methods: 0.5 mL blood sample was collected, added into headspace vial with chloroform as the internal standard, and processed by heating at 65 °C and evacuation treatment.

Comprehensive metabolomic characterization of the hippocampus in a ketamine mouse model of schizophrenia.

Ketamine is a noncompetitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). We have shown that ketamine can induce cognitive impairments and schizophrenia-like symptoms in mice. However, the detailed metabolic profile changes in the progression of ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like symptoms are still not fully elucidated.

Astrocyte Activation, but not Microglia, Is Associated with the Experimental Mouse Model of Schizophrenia Induced by Chronic Ketamine.

Ketamine is a noncompetitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Many experimental studies have shown that ketamine can induce cognitive impairments and schizophrenia-like symptoms. While much data have demonstrated that glial cells are associated with the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, the response of glial cells to ketamine and its significance to schizophrenia are not clear.

Investigation of effect of modulation frequency on high-density diffuse optical tomography image quality.

By incorporating multiple overlapping functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measurements, high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) images human brain function with fidelity comparable to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Previous work has shown that frequency domain high-density diffuse optical tomography (FD-HD-DOT) may further improve image quality over more traditional continuous wave (CW) HD-DOT. : The effects of modulation frequency on image quality as obtainable with FD-HD-DOT is investigated through simulations with a realistic noise model of functional activations in human head models, arising from 11 source modulation frequencies between CW and 1000 MHz.

Novel Environmentally Friendly Waterborne Epoxy Coating with Long-Term Antiscaling and Anticorrosion Properties.

Metal pipes in industrial production are exposed to various corrosive ions. The combined action of these ions with oxygen in water causes corrosion and contamination of the metal pipes and equipment. In addition, metallic ions in water react with anions to form scale on the surface of the metal, which significantly reduces the service life of the metal and equipment, resulting in safety hazards.

Prior nasal delivery of antagomiR-122 prevents radiation-induced brain injury.

Radiation-induced brain injury is a major adverse event in head and neck tumor treatment, influencing the quality of life for the more than 50% of patients who undergo radiation therapy and experience long-term survival. However, no effective treatments are available for these patients, and preventative drugs and effective drug-delivery methods must be developed. Based on our results, miR-122-5p was upregulated in the mouse radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) model and patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) who received radiation therapy.

MicroRNA-146a switches microglial phenotypes to resist the pathological processes and cognitive degradation of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and currently has no effective treatment. Mainstream research on the mechanisms and therapeutic targets of AD is focused on the two most important hallmarks, Aβ and Tau, but the results from clinical studies are not encouraging. Abnormal microglial polarization is a clear typical pathological feature in the progression of AD.

Nasal Delivery of AntagomiR-741 Protects Against the Radiation-Induced Brain Injury in Mice.

Radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) is a serious complication in patients who have received radiotherapy for head and neck tumors. Currently, there is a scarcity of information on early diagnostic and preventive methods of RBI. Accumulating evidence suggests that microRNAs are involved in the regulation of radiation injury, but the molecular biological mechanism of miRNAs in RBI is largely unknown.

Presence of the apolipoprotein E-ε4 allele is associated with an increased risk of sepsis progression.

Growing evidence indicated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene are related to increase the risk of many inflammatory-related diseases. However, few genetic studies have associated the APOE gene polymorphism with sepsis. This study was to investigate the clinical relevance of the APOE gene polymorphism in the onset and progression of sepsis.

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Therapeutic Effect of Acupuncture on Migraine.

Migraine is an intractable headache disorder, manifesting as periodic attacks. It is highly burdensome for patients and society. Acupuncture treatment can be beneficial as a supplementary and preventive therapy for migraine.

A sustainable dynamic redox reaction passive film for long-term anti-corrosion of carbon steel surface.

CeO was used as the only oxidant for aniline polymerization, and polyaniline (PANI) was grown on CeO surface to form CeO@PANI nanocomposites. SEM and TEM showed that the CeO@PANI composites were nanorods in a core-shell structure. XPS indicated that CeO-core was reduced by aniline into Ce, which was then captured by the PANI-shell.

MicroRNA-146a Is a Wide-Reaching Neuroinflammatory Regulator and Potential Treatment Target in Neurological Diseases.

Progressive functional deterioration and loss of neurons underlies neurological diseases and constitutes an important cause of disability and death worldwide. The causes of various types of neurological diseases often share several critical nerve-related cellular mechanisms and pathological features, particularly the neuroinflammatory response in the nervous system. A rapidly growing body of evidence indicates that various microRNAs play pivotal roles in these processes in neurological diseases and might be viable therapeutic targets.

Intranasal Administration of miR-146a Agomir Rescued the Pathological Process and Cognitive Impairment in an AD Mouse Model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and cannot be cured. The etiology and pathogenesis of AD is still not fully understood, the genetics is considered to be one of the most important factors for AD onset, and the identified susceptible genes could provide clues to the AD mechanism and also be the potential targets. MicroRNA-146a-5p (miR-146a) is well known in the regulation of the inflammatory response, and the functional SNP of miR-146a was associated with AD risk.

A Functional Polymorphism-Mediated Disruption of EGR1/ADAM10 Pathway Confers the Risk of Sepsis Progression.

Increasing evidence has indicated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are related to the susceptibility of sepsis and might provide potential evidence for the mechanisms of sepsis. Our recent preliminary study showed that the ADAM10 genetic polymorphism was clinically associated with the development of sepsis, and little is known about the underlying mechanism. The aim of this study was to confirm the association between the ADAM10 promoter rs653765 G→A polymorphism and the progression of sepsis and to discover the underlying mechanism.

Rs2015 Polymorphism in miRNA Target Site of Sirtuin2 Gene Is Associated with the Risk of Parkinson's Disease in Chinese Han Population.

Accumulating evidence reveals that the sirtuin family is involved in the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the association between the polymorphisms of the sirtuin gene and the risk of PD remains elusive. Here, we investigated the possible association of nine SIRT1 and SIRT2 SNPs with the risk of PD through a clinical case-control study from the Chinese Han population.

miR-486-3p Influences the Neurotoxicity of a-Synuclein by Targeting the SIRT2 Gene and the Polymorphisms at Target Sites Contributing to Parkinson's Disease.

Background/aims: Increasing evidence suggests the important role of sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) in the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the association between potential functional polymorphisms in the SIRT2 gene and PD still needs to be identified. Exploring the molecular mechanism underlying this potential association could also provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of this disorder.

GRK5 influences the phosphorylation of tau via GSK3β and contributes to Alzheimer's disease.

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) is a serine/threonine kinase whose dysfunction results in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer-like pathology, including tau hyperphosphorylation. However, the mechanisms whereby GRK5 influences tau phosphorylation remain incompletely understood. In the current study, we showed that GRK5 influenced the phosphorylation of tau via glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β).