Urate-lowering and renal-protective effects of sugarcane polyphenols in hyperuricemia: mechanisms and key components.

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally elevated levels of uric acid (UA) in the blood, often accompanied by renal damage. The continuous rise in HUA incidence necessitates the development of safe, efficient natural urate-lowering pathways. This study combined network pharmacology prediction with rat model experiments to systematically evaluate the urate-lowering potential of sugarcane polyphenols (SP), a byproduct of the sugarcane sugar industry.

Effects of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide exposure on biological age acceleration: Insights from metabolomics.

The Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NCM) is a representative new energy material widely used in industry and daily life, but the systemic health influence of exposure to NCM remained largely unknown. This study aimed to reveal the impacts of NCM exposure on biological age acceleration (BAA) and metabolic alteration, as well as the mediating roles of metabolites. NCM exposure was assessed through three methods: external exposure, biomarker of exposure to NCM mixture (Li, Ni, Co, and Mn), with a particular focus on Li exposure.

HLA-DQB1*03:01 strongly affects age of onset of type 1 narcolepsy independently of DQA1 and ethnicity.

In this study, we investigated the effects of HLA-DQB1*03:01 on the onset age of type-1 narcolepsy. We pooled data from 5,339 cases from China, Europe, Korea, Japan, and the United States to conduct the first transethnic study on age of onset (OA). GWAS was used to detect the associated genes.

Unraveling the causal nexus of cathepsins and rheumatoid arthritis: Insights from a two-sample Mendelian randomization framework.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease attacking joints throughout the body. Cathepsins (CTSs) are essential intracellular proteases participating in immune regulation, bone remodeling, and cartilage degradation. Though the observational and experimental studies have linked the biological functions of CTSs to the pathogenesis of RA, the cause-and-effect relationship between CTSs and RA remains unclear.

RNA-binding proteins DND1 and NANOS3 cooperatively suppress the entry of germ cell lineage.

Specification of primordial germ cells (PGCs) establishes germline development during early embryogenesis, yet the underlying mechanisms in humans remain largely unknown. Here, we reveal the functional roles of germline-specific RNA-binding protein (RBP) DND1 in human PGC (hPGC) specification. We discovered that DND1 forms a complex with another RBP, NANOS3, to restrict hPGC specification.

From repellent to risk: DEET's adverse effects on hormones and bone health in kids.

Introduction: Early life bone accumulation, which predicts future fragility fracture risk, is intimately associated with sex hormones. N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) is the primary and most effective active ingredient widely used globally, especially among children and adolescents. However, the effects of DEET on sex hormones and bone mass remain unclear.

Association of preoperative body mass index with postoperative complications and survival for patients with gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The relationship among body mass index (BMI), postoperative complications, and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate this association using a meta-analysis.

Method: We conducted a systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases up to February 25, 2024.

Alternation in sequence features and their influence on the anti-inflammatory activity of soy peptides during digestion and absorption in different enzymatic hydrolysis conditions.

This study investigated the anti-inflammatory properties and sequence variations of soy peptides during simulated digestion and absorption. Results showed that 500 Da peptides with N-terminal Leu, Ile, and Tyr exhibited enhanced intestinal transport, while the absorbed peptides in the Bromelain + Flavourzyme group (SIA-BF) demonstrated the strongest anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting IκB phosphorylation. Mass spectrometry revealed that SIA-BF peptides were rich in branched-chain amino acids at the N-terminus and basic amino acids at the C-terminus.

Investigating the Role of Food-Derived Peptides in Hyperuricemia: From Mechanisms of Action to Structural Effects.

Hyperuricemia, a disorder of purine metabolism associated with cardiovascular disease, gout, and kidney disease, can be alleviated by food-derived peptides. However, the precise mechanisms remain unclear, hindering their development. This study reviews uric acid-lowering peptides from various sources, focusing on two pathways: inhibiting uric acid production and promoting excretion.

Integrative mapping of human CD8 T cells in inflammation and cancer.

CD8 T cells exhibit remarkable phenotypic diversity in inflammation and cancer. However, a comprehensive understanding of their clonal landscape and dynamics remains elusive. Here we introduce scAtlasVAE, a deep-learning-based model for the integration of large-scale single-cell RNA sequencing data and cross-atlas comparisons.

Association of plasma homocysteine with cardiometabolic multimorbidity: a cross-sectional study in northwest China.

Background: Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels have been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), but their association with cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) remains uncertain.

Methods: Data from the baseline survey of the China Northwest Cohort-Ningxia Project (CNC-NX) were used to recruit 22,566 participants. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and laboratory exam results were collected.

A two-front nutrient supply environment fuels small intestinal physiology through differential regulation of nutrient absorption and host defense.

The small intestine contains a two-front nutrient supply environment created by luminal dietary and microbial metabolites (enteral side) and systemic metabolites from the host (serosal side). Yet, it is unknown how each side contributes differentially to the small intestinal physiology. Here, we generated a comprehensive, high-resolution map of the small intestinal two-front nutrient supply environment.

Fluorescent Porous Materials Based on Aggregation-induced Emission for Biomedical Applications.

Fluorescent porous materials based on aggregation-induced emission (AIE) are growing into a sparkling frontier in biomedical applications. Exploring those materials represents a win-win integration and has recently progressed at a rapid pace, mainly benefiting from intrinsic advantages including tunable pore size and structure, strong guest molecule encapsulation ability, superior biocompatibility, and photophysical outcomes. With the great significance and rapid progress in this area, this review provides an integrated picture on AIE luminogen-based porous materials.

Chemically programmed metabolism drives a superior cell fitness for cartilage regeneration.

The rapid advancement of cell therapies underscores the importance of understanding fundamental cellular attributes. Among these, cell fitness-how transplanted cells adapt to new microenvironments and maintain functional stability in vivo-is crucial. This study identifies a chemical compound, FPH2, that enhances the fitness of human chondrocytes and the repair of articular cartilage, which is typically nonregenerative.

Structure-Activity Relationships and Changes in the Inhibition of Xanthine Oxidase by Polyphenols: A Review.

Hyperuricemia (HUA), or elevated uric acid in the blood, has become more prevalent in recent years. Polyphenols, which are known to have good inhibitory activity on xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), are effective in uric acid reduction. In this review, we address the structure-activity relationship of flavonoids that inhibit XOR activity from two perspectives: the key residues of XOR and the structural properties of flavonoids.

Identification and immunological characterization of genes associated with ferroptosis in Alzheimer's disease and experimental demonstration.

The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is rising globally, yet its treatment and prediction of this condition remain challenging due to the complex pathophysiological mechanisms associated with it. Consequently, the objective of the present study was to analyze and characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis‑related genes (FEGs) in the pathogenesis of AD, as well as to construct a prognostic model. The findings will provide new insights for the future diagnosis and treatment of AD.

scCDC: a computational method for gene-specific contamination detection and correction in single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-seq data.

In droplet-based single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-seq assays, systematic contamination of ambient RNA molecules biases the quantification of gene expression levels. Existing methods correct the contamination for all genes globally. However, there lacks specific evaluation of correction efficacy for varying contamination levels.

Comprehensive assessment of mRNA isoform detection methods for long-read sequencing data.

The advancement of Long-Read Sequencing (LRS) techniques has significantly increased the length of sequencing to several kilobases, thereby facilitating the identification of alternative splicing events and isoform expressions. Recently, numerous computational tools for isoform detection using long-read sequencing data have been developed. Nevertheless, there remains a deficiency in comparative studies that systemically evaluate the performance of these tools, which are implemented with different algorithms, under various simulations that encompass potential influencing factors.

Causal relationship between serum metabolites and juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a mendelian randomization study.

Background: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a condition that occurs when individuals under the age of 16 develop arthritis that lasts for more than six weeks, and the cause is unknown. The development of JIA may be linked to serum metabolites. Nevertheless, the association between JIA pathogenesis and serum metabolites is unclear, and there are discrepancies in the findings across studies.

Dietary inflammatory index, dietary total antioxidant capacity, and frailty among older Chinese adults.

Objectives: Frailty is an age-related syndrome associated with poor health outcomes. Studies in developed countries indicate that the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) are important dietary factors influencing the risk of frailty in older adults. However, few studies have explored the association between DII, DTAC, and frailty among older Chinese adults.