The Effect of Longan Peel and Seed on Wheat Starch and the Quality of Longan Cake.

In the present study, the effects of longan peel and seed on the quality of longan cake were determined, and the effects of longan peel extract (LPE) and longan seed extract (LSE) on the physicochemical properties of wheat starch were also measured. Furthermore, the phenolic profile and antioxidant activities of these extracts were observed. The results showed that both longan peel and seed could improve the color, texture, and volatile flavor compounds of longan cake.

Centimeter-Scale Self-Assembling Tendon Organoids Drive Tissue Regeneration.

As a cell-deficient tissue, the scarcity of endogenous stem cells significantly hampers the regeneration of tissue structure and restoration of motor function following tendon injury. To engineer large-scale transplantable stem cell-derived organoids in vitro would show tremendous potential in regenerative medicine. Here, by optimizing chemical signals and mimicking tendon extracellular matrix, transplantable tendon organoids exceeding 3 cm in human tissue-scale dimensions are ultimately developed.

Clinicopathologic and Genomic Characterization of SMARCA4-Deficient Carcinoma of the Gallbladder.

As a key subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, SMARCA4 plays a critical role as a tumor suppressor in various tumors. However, the clinicopathological and molecular features of SMARCA4-deficient carcinoma of the gallbladder (SMARCA4-dGBC) have not been well explored. In this study, a retrospective cohort of 926 non-squamous cell gallbladder carcinomas (GBCs) was analyzed on tissue microarrays using immunohistochemistry for SMARCA4, comprising 813 adenocarcinomas, 53 adenosquamous carcinomas, 43 undifferentiated carcinomas, 7 sarcomatoid carcinomas, 6 small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, and four large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas.

Aerobic exercise rescues synaptic plasticity in early-stage Alzheimer's disease by suppressing miR-3473e to activate EphB2-dependent NMDA/AMPA receptor signaling.

Cognitive dysfunction in early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves significant impairments in synaptic plasticity and dendritic spines integrity. Intriguingly, exercise interventions have demonstrated efficacy in enhancing cognitive function. However, the precise molecular mechanisms, particularly the upstream endogenous regulators (such as miRNAs) through which exercise mediates this synaptic improvement, remain unclear.

A cationic polymer drives glycosaminoglycan assembly and secretion for preclinical osteoarthritis therapy.

Osteoarthritis (OA) affects nearly 500 million people worldwide and is characterized by an irreversible loss of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) at articular cartilage surfaces, which are essential in maintaining cartilage mechanical properties and chondrocyte phenotypes. Despite advances, preserving cartilage GAGs and controlling their turnover in living cells remain challenging. On the basis of the hypothesis that GAGs can interact with cationic molecules, we demonstrated a cost-effective strategy to increase human cartilage GAGs using a cationic polymer hexadimethrine bromide (HDMBr).

Dupilumab-induced inhibition of myeloid dendritic cell function via TIM-3-TGF-β1 feedback loop in treatment of atopic dermatitis.

Background: Although clinical trials have demonstrated both the efficacy and safety of dupilumab, its impact on dendritic cells (DCs) remains unclear. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) has emerged as a crucial regulator of immune responses in various inflammatory diseases. Understanding the interplay between TIM-3 and the type 2 inflammatory response in atopic dermatitis (AD) could provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of dupilumab.

Organelle-tuning condition robustly fabricates energetic mitochondria for cartilage regeneration.

Mitochondria are vital organelles whose impairment leads to numerous metabolic disorders. Mitochondrial transplantation serves as a promising clinical therapy. However, its widespread application is hindered by the limited availability of healthy mitochondria, with the dose required reaching up to 10 mitochondria per injection/patient.

Prognostic roles of hematological indicators in programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitors for small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer death in the world, with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounting for about 10-15% of all lung cancers. Although programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors represent a major breakthrough in SCLC treatment, only a minority of patients will benefit and there is still a lack of accurate biomarkers to guide clinical application. Inflammation plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis, tumor development, metastasis, and drug resistance, but there is limited research on the predictive value of these inflammatory indicators in SCLC.

miR-21 promotes cervical cancer by regulating NTF3.

This study explores the influence of miR-21 and its interaction with the target gene Neurotrophin-3 (NTF3) in cervical cancer (CC). We employed bioinformatics tools, including DIANA, Targetscan, miRDB, and miRDIP, to predict the target genes of miR-21. Immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting were performed to quantify the expression levels of miR-21-5p and NTF3 in cervical cancer cells.

Dienogest treatment of symptomatic adenomyosis: An in-depth meta-analysis.

Background: Adenomyosis is a common gynecological disease and a major contributor to dysmenorrhea that substantially reduces the quality of life of the affected. Dienogest has emerged as a promising drug for treating adenomyosis. A few systematic reviews and meta-analyses on this topic have been published recently.

Chemically programmed metabolism drives a superior cell fitness for cartilage regeneration.

The rapid advancement of cell therapies underscores the importance of understanding fundamental cellular attributes. Among these, cell fitness-how transplanted cells adapt to new microenvironments and maintain functional stability in vivo-is crucial. This study identifies a chemical compound, FPH2, that enhances the fitness of human chondrocytes and the repair of articular cartilage, which is typically nonregenerative.

An in situ forming cartilage matrix mimetic hydrogel scavenges ROS and ameliorates osteoarthritis after superficial cartilage injury.

Superficial cartilage defects represent the most prevalent type of cartilage injury encountered in clinical settings, posing significant treatment challenges. Here, we fabricated a cartilage extracellular matrix mimic hydrogel (GHC, consisting of Gelatin, Hyaluronic acid, and Chondroitin sulfate) to avoid the exacerbation of cartilage deterioration, which is often driven by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a pro-inflammatory microenvironment. The GHC hydrogel exhibited multifunctional properties, including in situ formation, tissue adhesiveness, anti-ROS capabilities, and the promotion of chondrogenesis.

Antioxidative effect of astragalosides on acute pancreatitis in mice.

Introduction: The research examined the antioxidative impact of astragalosides (AST) on experimental acute pancreatitis (AP) in mice. This study aims to assess the correlation between varying doses of astragalosides and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in an acute pancreatitis mouse model. By examining the interplay between astragaloside's protective effects and its antioxidant properties, we aim to deepen our understanding of its therapeutic potential in acute pancreatitis.

Effects of down-regulated carbonic anhydrase 8 on cell survival and glucose metabolism in human colorectal cancer cell lines.

Carbonic anhydrase 8 (CA8) is a member of the α-carbonic anhydrase family but does not catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. In the present study, we examined the effects of CA8 on two human colon cancer cell lines, SW480 and SW620, by suppressing CA8 expression through shRNA knockdown. Our results showed that knockdown of CA8 decreased cell growth and cell mobility in SW620 cells, but not in SW480 cells.

IL-4-induced decrease in both the number and CTLA-4 expression of T impairs suppression of Th2 type inflammation in severe atopic dermatitis.

Background: T plays a pivotal role in the suppression of Th2 cell and the maintenance of immune homeostasis. The precise molecular mechanism underlying the disruption of T suppression of Th2 cell and the promotion of Th2 type inflammation in allergic diseases remains elusive.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying quantitative and functional changes of T in AD.

Dynamic pathological analysis reveals a protective role against skin fibrosis for TREM2-dependent macrophages.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic and incurable autoimmune disease with high mortality rates, and skin fibrosis is one of distinguishing hallmarks in the pathogenesis. However, macrophage heterogeneity regulating skin fibrosis remain largely unknown. We established mouse disease model and performed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to resolve the dynamic and heterogenous characteristics of macrophages in skin fibrosis, and the role of TREM2-dependent macrophages in the pathological process was investigated using knockout mice and intraperitoneal transferring TREM2 macrophages combining with functional assays.

Tracking organelle activities through efficient and stable root genetic transformation system in woody plants.

Due to the protracted transgenic timeline and low efficiency in stable genetic transformation of woody plants, there has been limited exploration of real-time organelle imaging within stable transgenic woody plant cells. Here, we established an efficient genetic transformation system for woody plants using an -mediated approach. This system was successfully validated in multiple perennial woody species.

Can the Blended Application of Controlled-Release and Common Urea Effectively Replace the Common Urea in a Wheat-Maize Rotation System? A Case Study Based on a Long-Term Experiment.

The one-time application of blended urea (BU), combining controlled-release urea (CRU) and uncoated urea, has proven to be a promising nitrogen (N) management strategy. However, the long-term sustainability of blending urea remains largely unexplored. To assess whether a single application of blended urea could effectively replace split uncoated urea applications, a long-term field experiment was conducted in the North China Plain (NCP).

Hyperplastic Human Macromass Cartilage for Joint Regeneration.

Cartilage damage affects millions of people worldwide. Tissue engineering strategies hold the promise to provide off-the-shelf cartilage analogs for tissue transplantation in cartilage repair. However, current strategies hardly generate sufficient grafts, as tissues cannot maintain size growth and cartilaginous phenotypes simultaneously.