Ultrasonic-assisted separation and extraction of submicron and nano-sized straw particles: Reconstruction of physicochemical characteristics and a promising breakthrough in overcoming technical bottlenecks of straw return to the field.

Addressing the issues of slow decomposition and low nutrient release efficiency associated with traditional straw returning, this study innovatively applied ultrasound-assisted centrifugal separation technology to prepare submicron/nano-straw particles and systematically conducted a multi-scale investigation from microscopic to macroscopic levels. The core finding reveals that when the particle size reaches the 1 μm threshold, ultrasonic cavitation vigorously disrupts the straw structure, leading to efficient lignin removal (77.45 %) and a significant reduction in cellulose crystallinity, thereby fundamentally enhancing the degradation rate.

Valorization of blueberry pomace and red mud to zero valent iron biochar for antibiotic degradation with diminishment of toxic reagents.

Application of zero valent iron biochar (ZVI-BC) activated persulfate (PS) oxidation in various antibiotics treatments has been universally confirmed. Full utilization of biomass waste characteristics to reduce usage of toxic reagents in the preparation of ZVI-BC is an environmental optimization strategy. Herein, tetracycline (TC) degradation based on PS-oxidation activated by a novel ZVI-BC (ZVI-FeO-BC) was assessed, in which blueberry pomace extraction substitutes part of sodium borohydride and red mud substitutes iron salt.

Predicting the Implications of Climatic Alterations on the Distribution of Endangered Species: A Case Study of Saxifragaceae on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

Understanding the potential impacts of climate change on species distribution is crucial for the conservation of threatened taxa. The Saxifragaceae family, known for its susceptibility to habitat disturbance, exhibits a diverse distribution across multiple regions. While a significant proportion of this family is found on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP), nearly half of the Saxifraga species are native to Europe, with other genera, such as , showing centers of diversity in North America and Japan.

Longitudinal Brain Structural, Neurochemical, and Behavioral Changes Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Immature Rat Brain with ALCAR Treatment.

Pediatric survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) suffer from long-term neurologic disabilities, including deficits in memory and learning. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) can assess alterations in brain neurochemical profile non-invasively in vivo over time. Our study aimed to evaluate (1) the longitudinal metabolic alterations in the hippocampus after TBI using in vivo H-MRS and MRI in developing rat brain, and (2) test whether treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) affects hippocampal metabolic profile.

Selection and Validation of Stable Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Analyses of (Polygonaceae) Under Four Abiotic Stresses.

: (Polygonaceae), a perennial herbaceous species predominantly found in northern temperate regions, has been historically utilized in traditional Chinese medicine for its hematological regulatory properties, including blood cooling, hemostasis, and detoxification. Despite the pharmacological value of this species, unvalidated reference genes compromise precise gene expression profiling. : We initially selected eight candidate genes (, , , , , , , ) from transcriptomes and then assessed their transcriptional stability using RT-qPCR across root, stem, and leaf tissues under four abiotic stresses: cold, drought, salinity, and heavy metal exposure.

Increased Temporal Overlap in Diel Activity Patterns Potentially Intensifies Interspecific Competition Among Sympatric Large Carnivores in the Sanjiangyuan Region of China.

Activity patterns constitute a critical adaptive trait in large carnivores, enabling them to manage interspecific competition, enhance their foraging efficiency, and adapt to fluctuating environmental conditions. At the community level, elucidating the temporal activity allocation of sympatric large carnivores is essential for understanding species coexistence mechanisms. However, the activity patterns of most large carnivores remain inadequately explored.

Insights into chloroplast genome structure and phylogenetic position of the Lacquer tree Toxicodendron trichocarpum (Anacardiaceae: Rhoideae).

The lacquer tree Toxicodendron trichocarpum (Miq) Kuntze (Anacardiaceae: Rhoideae), which is known for its abundance of urushiol, produces a high-quality raw lacquer. There have been five complete chloroplast genomes reported in the genus Toxicodendron, while, only two T. trichocarpum genes were sequenced and used for phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis.

Metabolomic Analysis of the Metabolic Accumulation of Flavonoids, Anthocyanins, and Phenolic Acids in Differently Growing and Developing Blueberries.

Flavonoids, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins are the key substances determining the color change of blueberries, but their composition and biosynthesis mechanisms in different stages of blueberry development are not clear. Accumulation of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins in blueberry fruits (green-G, pink-P and blue-B) from three growth stages was investigated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed significant differences in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins and flavonoids among fruits at three developmental stages.

Enhancing the charge percolation networks through the synergistic effect of conductive additives for the removal of Cr(VI) in FCDI.

The natural environment and human health are gravely threatened by the issue of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) contamination in water bodies. Therefore, it is imperative to replace the traditional removal methods with an updated Cr(VI) removal procedure. In this study, mixed activated carbon (AC), carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon black (CB) were used as components of the flow electrode slurry low-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI), which was used for the removal and detoxification of Cr (VI) under various operating conditions.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of intraocular lens dislocation: an eight-year retrospective study.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and short-term visual outcomes following surgical management of intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation, aiming to inform risk stratification and individualized treatment strategies.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 155 patients (166 eyes) diagnosed with IOL dislocation between 2016 and 2024. Data collected included demographic information, ocular and systemic risk factors, surgical interventions, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) before and after surgery, and postoperative complications.

Differential effects of biochar and straw incorporation on soil organic carbon: A case study on paddy cultivation in Northeast China.

The accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) is critical for maintaining soil fertility and mitigating climate change. The incorporation of organic amendments is a common practice for improving SOC, but the SOC dynamics affected by biochar and straw in rice cultivation still remain unclear. This study focused on paddy ecosystems in cold regions of Northeast China.

Innovative nucleic acid detection of utilizing the PAM-unconventional, one-step LAMP/CRISPR-Cas12b detection platforms.

Introduction: (), a human pathogen that causes diarrhea and colon lesions, has garnered widespread attention. Rapid and accurate detection of bacterial virulence factors is essential for the diagnosis of infection (CDI). To date, numerous laboratory tests have been developed; however, none fully meet the combined requirements of speed, cost-effectiveness, portability, sensitivity, and specificity.

Repeated Exposures to Air Travel-Relevant Hypobaria Induce Anxiety-Like Behavior and Alter Functional Connectivity and White Matter Integrity in a Ferret Model of Traumatic Brain Injury.

Under-vehicle blast (UVB) caused by landmine detonation induces a distinct traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can be accompanied by head impact. Injured soldiers often undergo multiple flights after injury to access medical care and return to duty. Previous work has shown that low air pressure during air travel (hypobaria [HB]) exacerbates neurological injury, but the effects of one or more HB exposures on chronic brain injury are unknown.

Robustness and resilience of computational deconvolution methods for bulk RNA sequencing data.

This study benchmarks the robustness and resilience of computational deconvolution methods for estimating cell-type proportions in bulk tissues, with a focus on comparing reference-based and reference-free methods. Robustness is evaluated by generating in silico pseudo-bulk tissue RNA sequencing data from cell-level gene expression profiles derived from four different tissue types, with simulated cellular composition at varying levels of heterogeneity. To assess resilience, we intentionally alter single-cell RNA profiles to create pseudo-bulk tissue RNA-seq data.

Design and Synthesis of Ferulic Acid Derivatives with Trifluoromethyl Pyrimidine and Amide Frameworks for Combating Postharvest Kiwifruit Soft Rot Fungi.

Fungal diseases significantly affect the quality and safety of food and agricultural products. Pyrimidine ether compounds have shown effectiveness as commercial antifungal agents, but their prolonged or excessive use has led to resistance and pesticide residue issues, necessitating structural modifications. In this study, ferulic acid served as a framework for synthesizing a series of derivatives by introducing pyrimidine and amide groups.

Frontier advances in molecular dynamics simulations for the design and optimization of oil-displacement polymers.

This comprehensive review paper delves into the application and recent advancements of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation techniques in the design and optimization of polymers for oil displacement. Initially, the paper outlines the pivotal role of polymers in oil displacement, particularly highlighting the challenges associated with their stability and rheological property optimization under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions. Subsequently, it meticulously introduces the theoretical foundation of MD simulations, the selection of simulation parameters, and the emerging trends in the integration of machine learning with MD simulations.

Discrimination and Characterization of the Aroma Profile in Four Strawberry Varieties Cultivated Under Substrates.

The strawberry is renowned for its distinctive fragrance and is regarded as one of the most popular fruits globally. This research analyzed the volatile compounds in four strawberry types grown in substrate systems, utilizing HS-GC-IMS, HS-SPME-GC-MS, and E-nose techniques. The results revealed a notable increase in the relative concentrations of alcohols, esters, and aldehydes in the strawberries.

Aerosols Generated in the Wastewater Treatment Process Are a Potential Source of Airborne Microplastics.

Airborne microplastics pose a significant risk to human health. Similarly to the water-air transfer process, such as sea spray, aerosols generated during the wastewater treatment process, driven by aeration and mechanical agitation, are an overlooked potential source of airborne microplastics. This study constitutes the first attempt to investigate the pollution characteristics of microplastics in aerosols generated during wastewater treatment, based on laser direct infrared spectroscopy (LDIR) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS).

Active ingredients of blueberry pomace: A comprehensive review of isolation, identification, health benefits and food applications.

Blueberry pomace is a valuable source of a wide range of active compounds and nutrients and is receiving increasing research attention. However, limited attention has been paid in the literature to the nutritional properties and practical applications of blueberry pomace. In this paper, we review the methods used to extract bioactive compounds from blueberry pomace, study their health effects and explore the prospects for their application in the food industry, such as fermented beverages, nutritional supplements or natural colors.

Substrate cultivation system improved the quality of 'Hongyan' strawberry fruits compared with the soil cultivation system.

This study explored the influence of substrate cultivation system on the quality of 'Hongyan' strawberry through physicochemical and sensory evaluation, E-nose, GC-MS, and GC-IMS. Results revealed that substrate cultivation system significantly enhanced the formation of total acids, vitamin C, total phenols, and volatile esters, alcohols, and acids in strawberries. Additionally, it improved the hardness, acidity, aroma intensity, and color of the fruit.

Transcription factors in Orinus: novel insights into transcription regulation for speciation adaptation on the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau.

Background: Transcription factors (TFs) are crucial regulators of plant growth, development, and resistance to environmental stresses. However, comprehensive understanding of the roles of TFs in speciation of Orinus, an extreme-habitat plant on the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, is limited.

Results: Here, we identified 52 TF families, including 2125 members in Orinus, by methodically analysing domain findings, gene structures, chromosome locations, conserved motifs, and phylogenetic relationships.

Cyanidin-3--Glucoside Mitigates Amyloid-Beta (1-42)-Induced Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y Cells by Regulating Ca Homeostasis and Inhibiting Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

Background: Blueberry anthocyanin such as Cyanidin-3--glucoside may help prevent Alzheimer's disease. We aimed to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of Cyanidin-3--glucoside against Aβ-induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells as well as the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Cell viability and intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species were detected by MTT, a reactive oxygen species detection kit, and a MitoSOX red mitochondrial superoxide indicator.

An augmented GSNMF model for complete deconvolution of bulk RNA-seq data.

Performing complete deconvolution analysis for bulk RNA-seq data to obtain both cell type specific gene expression profiles (GEP) and relative cell abundances is a challenging task. One of the fundamental models used, the nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), is mathematically ill-posed. Although several of complete deconvolution methods have been developed and their estimates compared to ground truth for some datasets appear promising, a comprehensive understanding of how to circumvent the ill-posedness and improve solution accuracy is still lacking.

Development and psychometric validation of a patient-reported outcome measure scale for Crohn's disease anorectal stricture.

Background: Anorectal stricture is a severe and debilitating complication of Crohn's disease (CD). Currently, no specific patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) exist to assess the severity of anorectal stricture or its impact on the quality of life (QoL) among patients with CD. A new PROM scale has been developed to measure CD anorectal stricture.

Carvacrol and Streptomycin in Combination Weaken Streptomycin Resistance in subsp. .

subsp. () is a major phytopathogen responsible for soft rot in vegetables, affecting various staple crops such as carrots and potatoes. However, the recent emergence of streptomycin-resistant strains of has compromised the effectiveness of streptomycin for treating disease in agriculture.