A multi-tissue single-cell expression atlas in cattle.

Systematic characterization of the molecular states of cells in livestock tissues is essential for understanding the cellular and genetic mechanisms underlying economically and ecologically important physiological traits. Here, as part of the Farm Animal Genotype-Tissue Expression (FarmGTEx) project, we describe a comprehensive reference map including 1,793,854 cells from 59 bovine tissues in calves and adult cattle, spanning both sexes, which reveals intra-tissue and inter-tissue cellular heterogeneity in gene expression, transcription factor regulation and intercellular communication. Integrative analysis with genetic variants that underpin bovine monogenic and complex traits uncovers cell types of relevance, such as spermatocytes, responsible for sperm motility and excitatory neurons for milk fat yield.

Giant Panda Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Promote Dermal Fibroblast Proliferation and Wound Healing.

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (UC-MSC-Exos) represent a potential therapeutic solution for captive giant pandas. The aim of this study was elucidating the proteomic and microRNA (miRNA) profiles and discerning their functional roles constitutes an essential step towards comprehending their therapeutic mechanisms and optimizing their application in giant pandas. UC-MSC-Exos, isolated from the culture supernatant of giant panda umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) using classic ultracentrifugation, were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and western blotting (WB).

The ChickenGTEx portal: a pan-tissue catalogue of regulatory variants shaping transcriptomic and phenotypic diversity.

A systematic dissection of the functional impacts of non-coding variations across diverse tissues and cell types is essential for deciphering the molecular architecture underlying complex traits. Given the significance of chickens as both a key livestock species and a fundamental model organism, the development of an integrative genomics resource is imperative. Leveraging SNP-to-gene-to-trait linking strategies-including molecular quantitative trait loci (molQTL), regulatory elements, and context- or environment-dependent regulatory heterogeneity-we developed the ChickenGTEx portal (http://chicken.

The Synergy Between In Situ Gradient Polymerization and Phase Separation Enables Practical Solid-State Ni-Rich Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional safety property. However, most of the previously reported SPEs cannot well match with high-loading and high-voltage cathodes due to their low ionic conductivity and limited anodic stability. Herein, a SPE with superior compatibility with high-loading Ni-rich cathodes is generated by in situ gradient polymerization of a deep eutectic electrolyte.

The Enzyme Glucose-1-Phosphate Thymidylyltransferase RmlA Plays a Crucial Role in the Pathogenesis of Pectobacterium actinidiae GX1.

Pectobacterium actinidiae is one of the primary pathogens that causes summer canker disease in kiwifruit, yet its pathogenic mechanisms remain unknown. The exopolysaccharide PCAP-1a, isolated from the fermentation broth of P. actinidiae strain GX1, exhibits notable cytotoxicity and acts as a virulence factor facilitating host infection.

Emerging Applications of Pickering Emulsions in Pharmaceutical Formulations: A Comprehensive Review.

Over the past two decades, particle-stabilized Pickering emulsions (PEs) have emerged as a versatile platform in pharmaceutical formulations, demonstrating distinct advantages over surfactant-based systems through enhanced stability, reduced toxicity, and tunable interfacial properties. These systems exhibit unique drug delivery potential through their precisely controllable architecture, particularly in achieving spatiotemporal drug release patterns, tissue-specific targeting, and enhanced therapeutic payload encapsulation. In this review, the characteristics of PEs are first detailed, followed by an introduction to the main preparation methods and the key parameters for controlling the type, droplet size, and stability of PEs.

High-Performance Electrocatalysts of Potassium Lactate Oxidation for Hydrogen and Solid Potassium Acetate Production.

With the increasing use of polylactic acid (PLA), more attention is turning to its post-treatment. Current methods such as natural decomposition, composting, and incineration are limited by significant carbon dioxide emissions and resource waste. Here, an efficient electrocatalytic conversion approach is presented to transform PLA waste into high-value chemicals, particularly potassium acetate (AA-K).

Urea Complete Conversion to Compound Fertilizer in Industrial-Scale Tandem Reactors.

A compound fertilizer with NHHPO and KHPO offer significant advantages in enhancing both crop yield and quality. Ammonia (NH) is essential for the synthesis of the compound fertilizer, which was produced by an energy intensive chemical process. Developing efficient and environmental friendly methods to produce ammonia-containing compound fertilizers is crucial and extremely challenging.

A rice rhizosphere plant growth-promoting Streptomyces corchorusii isolate antagonizes Magnaporthe oryzae and elicits defense responses in rice.

Aims: Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The aim of this study was to investigate the biocontrol potential of rice rhizosphere actinomycetes against M.

Bridged triphenylamine-based fluorescent probe for selective and direct detection of HSA in urine.

Human serum albumin (HSA) serves as a crucial indicator for therapeutic monitoring and biomedical diagnosis. In this study, a near infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe, termed BTPA, characterized a donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) structure based on bridged triphenylamine (TPA) was developed. BTPA exhibited outstanding sensitivity and selectivity towards HSA among various analysts, with a remarkable 50-fold fluorescence enhancement with a significant Stokes shift (∼190 nm) and a wide linear detection range of 0-20 μM of HSA.

Cadmium exposure elicited dynamic RNA mA modification and epi-transcriptomic regulation in the Pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.

N6-methyladenosine (mA) methylation is the most prevalent post-transcriptional RNA modification in eukaryotic organisms, but its roles in the regulation of physiological resistance of marine crustaceans to heavy metal pollutants are poorly understood. In this study, the transcriptome-wide mA RNA methylation profiles and dynamic mA changes induced by acute Cd exposure in the the pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were comprehensively analyzed. Cd toxicity caused a significant reduction in global RNA mA methylation level, with major mA regulators including the mA methyltransferase METTL3 and the mA binding protein YTHDF2 showing declined expression.

An injectable composite hydrogel containing polydopamine-coated curcumin nanoparticles and indoximod for the enhanced combinational chemo-photothermal-immunotherapy of breast tumors.

The complexity and compensatory evolution of tumors weaken the effectiveness of single antitumor therapies. Therefore, multimodal combination therapies hold great promise in defeating tumors. Herein, we constructed a multi-level regulatory co-delivery system based on chemotherapy, phototherapy, and immunotherapy.

Metagenomic dissection of the intestinal microbiome in the giant river prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii infected with Decapod iridescent virus 1.

Microbiome in the intestines of aquatic invertebrates plays pivotal roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, especially when the host is exposed to pathogen invasion. Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) is a devastating virus seriously affecting the productivity and success of crustacean aquaculture. In this study, a metagenomic analysis was conducted to investigate the genomic sequences, community structure and functional characteristics of the intestinal microbiome in the giant river prawn Macrobrachiumrosenbergii infected with DIV1.

PCAP-1a, an exopolysaccharide from Pectobacterium actinidiae, exerts the dual role of immunogenicity and virulence in plants.

Plant defense mechanisms begin with the recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/PAMPs). Several carbohydrates, such as chitin, were reported to induce plant defenses, acting as elicitors. Regrettably, the structures of polysaccharide elicitors have rarely been characterized, and their recognition receptors in plants remain unknown.

Bio-Inspired Nanocarriers Derived from Stem Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles for Targeted Drug Delivery.

With their seemingly limitless capacity for self-improvement, stem cells have a wide range of potential uses in the medical field. Stem-cell-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), as paracrine components of stem cells, are natural nanoscale particles that transport a variety of biological molecules and facilitate cell-to-cell communication which have been also widely used for targeted drug delivery. These nanocarriers exhibit inherent advantages, such as strong cell or tissue targeting and low immunogenicity, which synthetic nanocarriers lack.

The Carbonic Anhydrase βCA1 Functions in PopW-Mediated Plant Defense Responses in Tomato.

β-Carbonic anhydrase (βCA) is very important for plant growth and development, but its function in immunity has also been examined. In this study, we found that the expression level of () was significantly upregulated in plants treated with 85-10. The protein was localized in the nucleus, cell membrane and chloroplast.

Dynamic N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation landscapes reveal epi-transcriptomic modulation induced by ammonia nitrogen exposure in the Pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.

Despite the versatility of RNA mA methylation in regulating various biological processes, its involvement in the physiological response to ammonia nitrogen toxicity in decapod crustaceans like shrimp remains enigmatic. Here, we provided the first characterization of dynamic RNA mA methylation landscapes induced by toxic ammonia exposure in the Pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The global mA methylation level showed significant decrease following ammonia exposure, and most of the mA methyltransferases and mA binding proteins were significantly repressed.

Pluronic F127 coating performance on PLGA nanoparticles: Enhanced flocculation and instability.

Nanoparticles (NPs) can be incorporated into hydrogels to obtain multifunctional hybrid systems to meet the delivery needs of different drugs. However, the stability of NPs in hydrogels is rarely revealed. In this article, we tried to explore the underlying mechanism of an interesting phenomenon that poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (PNPs) could flocculate and deposit in Pluronic F127 (F127) hydrogels at 4 °C.

A Glycoside Hydrolase 43 Protein Is Recognized as a MAMP.

Glycoside hydrolases from pathogens have often been reported as inducers of immune responses. However, the roles of glycoside hydrolase from plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the resistance of plants against pathogens is not well studied. In this study, we identified a glycoside hydrolase 43 protein, H1AD43, produced by BL06 that can trigger defense responses, including cell death.

A Report of subsp. Causing Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker in Guangxi, China.

A bacterial pathogen strain was isolated from susceptible tissue of Hongyang variety kiwifruit in Zhongfeng Town, Ziyuan County, Guilin City, Guangxi, China. Due to the relatively single variety of kiwifruit in Guangxi, the control technology of fruit farmers is backward, and the climate is humid, which is suitable for the growth of pathogenic bacteria, resulting in frequent occurrence of diseases. In this study, the pathogen strain was identified based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests; 16S rRNA gene; PCR detection with specific primers; and Biolog analysis.

Targeted Therapy for Inflammatory Diseases with Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derived Exosomes: From Basic to Clinics.

Inflammation is a beneficial and physiological process, but there are a number of inflammatory diseases which have detrimental effects on the body. In addition, the drugs used to treat inflammation have toxic side effects when used over a long period of time. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stem cells that can be isolated from a variety of tissues and can be differentiate into diverse cell types under appropriate conditions.

Co-Delivery of Dexamethasone and Captopril by α8 Integrin Antibodies Modified Liposome-PLGA Nanoparticle Hybrids for Targeted Anti-Inflammatory/Anti-Fibrosis Therapy of Glomerulonephritis.

Purpose: Mesangial cells-mediated glomerulonephritis refers to a category of immunologically mediated glomerular injuries characterized by infiltration of circulating inflammatory cells, proliferation of mesangial cells, and the common pathological manifestation to the later stage is renal fibrosis, accompanied by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Treatment regimens include glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents, but their off-target distribution causes severe systemic toxicity. Hence, specific co-delivery of "anti-inflammatory/anti-fibrosis" drugs to the glomerular mesangial cell (MC) region is expected to produce better therapeutic effects.

Dual-Regulated Functionalized Liposome-Nanoparticle Hybrids Loaded with Dexamethasone/TGFβ1-siRNA for Targeted Therapy of Glomerulonephritis.

Mesangial cell (MC)-mediated glomerulonephritis is a frequent cause of end-stage renal disease, with immune inflammatory damage and fibrosis as its basic pathological processes. However, the treatment of glomerulonephritis remains challenging owing to limited drug accumulation and serious side effects. Hence, the specific codelivery of "anti-inflammatory/antifibrosis" drugs to the glomerular MC region is expected to yield better therapeutic effects.

Mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes and exosome-mimics as smart drug carriers for targeted cancer therapy.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with the capacity to differentiate into several cell types under appropriate conditions. They also possess remarkable antitumor features that make them a novel choice to treat cancers. Accumulating evidence suggest that the MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles, known as exosomes, play an essential role in the therapeutic effects of MSCs mainly by carrying biologically active factors.