Regulating the Nanosheets Structures in Pitch-Derived Amorphous Carbons for Efficient Sodium-Ion Storage.

Amorphous carbon (AC), prized for their cost-effectiveness and excellent performance, are promising as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, its amorphous structure challenges balancing high rate capability with high capacity. This study regulates the nanosheets structure of pitch-derived-AC (PDAC) through pre-polymerization-induced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons growth, enabling simultaneous enhancement of rate capability and maintenance of high capacity.

Additive Manufacturing of Nano-Micro Carbon Structures via Two-Photon Lithography.

Two-Photon Lithography (TPL), a revolutionary additive manufacturing technique that transcends the diffraction limit, empowers nanoscale-precise fabrication of 3D architectures. This breakthrough capability facilitates the creation of intricate micro-nano devices with exceptional structural flexibility and compatibility with multi-material systems, thereby catalyzing transformative developments in carbon-based micro-nanotechnology. This perspective systematically examines recent progress in TPL-enabled carbon material innovations, particularly highlighting the enhanced mechanical performance in micro-nano carbon structures through optimized laser parameterization and functional device implementations across biomedical interfaces, photonic circuits, and high-density energy storage systems.

Cancer pain: molecular mechanisms and management.

Cancer pain, a highly prevalent and distressing symptom among cancer patients, has a seriously harmful effect on their life and presents a complex challenge in clinical management. Despite extensive research efforts and the existence of clinical guidelines, significant controversies persist regarding the molecular mechanisms underpinning cancer pain as well as the most effective management strategies. This review systematically delves into the neurobiological underpinnings of cancer pain, centering on the interplay of peripheral and central sensitization, cellular stress and dysfunction, as well as the crucial roles of various signaling pathways and epigenetic regulation in its pathogenesis.

Realizing Persistent Lithium Protection and Revival with Dissolution-Equilibrium-Driven Sustainable Additives Reservoir.

Additive chemistry plays a pivotal role in enhancing the cycling stability of lithium metal batteries. Conventional additives with high solubility facilitate the formation of a stable interface in the early stages of cycling, yet typically act as "sacrificial agents", failing to maintain a durable interface over long time. Herein, we demonstrate a sustainable lithium protection and retrieval strategy based on additive reservoirs driven by chemical dissolution equilibrium.

Spin-regulated Fe-N-C catalyst enabled by adjusting coordination nitrogen species for robust oxygen reduction.

Fe-N-C catalysts have emerged as a promising substitute for the expensive Pt/C to boost the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, conventional Fe-N active sites, which generally feature a low-spin configuration, strongly adsorb oxygen intermediates and necessitate structural optimization of the active sites for improved performance. Herein, graphitic nitrogen (N) adjacent to the Fe-N centers is straightforwardly introduced to modulate the spin state of Fe-N-C catalysts after elucidating the influence of nitrogen species on the Fe-N sites.

ReSort enhances reference-based cell type deconvolution for spatial transcriptomics through regional information integration.

Motivation: Spatial transcriptomics (ST) captures positional gene expression within tissues but lacks single-cell resolution. Reference-based cell type deconvolution methods were developed to understand cell type distributions for ST. However, batch/platform discrepancies between references and ST impact their accuracy.

Evaluation of the Impact of Conductive Additives on the EPR Spectra of Hard Carbon Anodes.

Hard carbon (HC), a prime anode candidate for sodium-ion batteries, exhibits unresolved charge-state-microstructure debates reveal critical sodium storage mechanism gaps. This study employs electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy as a principal characterization tool, capitalizing on its unique capability to probe electronic configurations and detect subtle structural transformations in carbon matrices. Through systematic EPR investigations of sodium storage dynamics in varied carbon architectures, the quasi-metallic state of sodium ions stored in closed pores exhibits distinct signal characteristics due to size effect-induced structural confinement, compared to surface storage mechanisms.

Dual-miRNA guided in-vivo imaging and multimodal nanomedicine approaches for precise hepatocellular carcinoma differentiation and synergistic cancer theranostics using DNA hairpins and dual-ligand functionalized zirconium-MOF nanohybrids.

As one of the most common and heterogeneous liver malignancies, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a significant clinical challenge due to the lack of biomarkers for early diagnosis, challenges in accurate subtyping, and limitations of current therapeutic strategies with poor efficacy. Herein, based on DNA hairpin probes and dual-ligand zirconium (Zr)-based metal-organic frameworks (DMOFs), the multifunctional nanohybrids (DMOF@MnCO@CuS@Hairpin probe, DMCH) were developed to overcome these diagnostic and therapeutic obstacles. Two improved DNA molecular beacons and APE1 enzyme within HCC cells were utilized for sensitive miRNA imaging in vivo with high accuracy to differentiate HCC subtypes precisely.

An injectable hydrogel with photothermal and chemodynamic therapies for targeted promotion of ferroptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Ferroptosis-driven tumor ablation strategies based on nanotechnology could be achieved by increasing hydrogen peroxide (HO) concentrations or decreasing glutathione (GSH) levels. However, the intracellular antioxidative defense mechanisms endow the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells with ferroptosis resistance capacity. Therefore, injectable self-healing carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)/aldehyde-based hyaluronic acid (HA-CHO)/PVP-CuO (PCu)/polydopamine (PDA) (CHPP) hydrogels were developed to promote ferroptosis through increasing HO concentrations and decreasing GSH levels.

Peripheral Subtractive Dissection of Glissonean Pedicles in Minimally Invasive Anatomic Liver Resection for Right Posterior Lobe Tumors.

Minimally invasive anatomic liver resection (MIALR) has recently garnered significant attention and has rapidly advanced in the field of hepatobiliary surgery. In particular, the dissection of the Glissonean pedicle, such as in Atsushi Sugioka's Gate Theory, represents a fundamental operative technique within MIALR. This technique is based on the anatomical structure of the Laennec capsule, thereby promoting and implementing MIALR in a scientifically rigorous manner.

Diffusion equation and rare fluctuations of the biased aging continuous-time random-walk model.

We explore the fractional advection-diffusion equation and rare events associated with the ACTRW model. When waiting times have a finite mean but infinite variance, and the displacements follow a narrow distribution, the fractional operator is defined in terms of space rather than time. The far tail of the positional distribution is governed by rare events, which exhibit a different scaling compared to typical fluctuations.

Boosting Sodium Storage in Pitch-Derived Hard Carbon via MgO Catalytic Preoxidation.

Pitch-based hard carbon (HC) materials at low cost and high carbon yield represent a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries. However, their limited capacity poses a significant challenge to their practical use. Here, we report a universal strategy to boost sodium storage of pitch-based HC materials via catalytic oxidation with magnesium oxide to produce a high-oxygen pitch.

Effect of Bias Voltage on the Microstructure and Photoelectric Properties of W-Doped ZnO Films.

W-doped ZnO (WZO) films were deposited on glass substrates by using RF magnetron sputtering at different substrate bias voltages, and the relationships between microstructure and optical and electrical properties were investigated. The results revealed that the deposition rate of WZO films first decreased from 8.8 to 7.

Simulation of the continuous time random walk using subordination schemes.

The continuous time random walk model has been widely applied in various fields, including physics, biology, chemistry, finance, social phenomena, etc. In this work, we present an algorithm that utilizes a subordinate formula to generate data of the continuous time random walk in the long time limit. The algorithm has been validated using commonly employed observables, such as typical fluctuations of the positional distribution, rare fluctuations, the mean and the variance of the position, and breakthrough curves with time-dependent bias, demonstrating a perfect match.

Enhancing Crop Resilience: Insights from Labdane-Related Diterpenoid Phytoalexin Research in Rice ( L.).

Rice ( L.), as one of the most significant food crops worldwide, holds paramount importance for global food security. Throughout its extensive evolutionary journey, rice has evolved a diverse array of defense mechanisms to fend off pest and disease infestations.

Identification of ACAA1 and HADHB as potential prognostic biomarkers based on a novel fatty acid oxidation-related gene model in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective study.

Objectives: To investigate the importance of fatty acid oxidation (FAO)-related genes in predicting the progression and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods: The FAO-related gene prognostic model was established employing Cox regression analyses, during which accuracy and sensitivity of the gene model were evaluated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) internal testing and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) external validation cohorts. Ultimately, hub genes were identified among 13 model genes using STRING and Cytoscape, with preliminary validation carried out through immunohistochemistry.

Deciphering adipose development: Function, differentiation and regulation.

The overdevelopment of adipose tissues, accompanied by excess lipid accumulation and energy storage, leads to adipose deposition and obesity. With the increasing incidence of obesity in recent years, obesity is becoming a major risk factor for human health, causing various relevant diseases (including hypertension, diabetes, osteoarthritis and cancers). Therefore, it is of significance to antagonize obesity to reduce the risk of obesity-related diseases.

Resolution of the reciprocity between radical species from precursor and closed pore formation in hard carbon for sodium storage.

Hard carbon (HC) has emerged as a highly promising anode material for sodium ion batteries, drawing tremendous interest in producing this material with low-cost and easily accessible precursors. The determination of the crucial parameters of precursors influencing the formation of key structures, such as closed pores, in the HC is of paramount importance. Considering the potential role of free radicals in the structural evolution of the precursors, we, for the first time, delve into the impact of radical species on the development of closed pores by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, with petroleum asphalt as the model system.

Hard Carbon Derived From Different Precursors for Sodium Storage.

Due to the almost unlimited resource and acceptable performance, Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been regarded as a promising alternative for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for grid-scale energy storage. As the key material of SIBs, hard carbon (HC) plays a decisive role in determining the batteries' performance. Nevertheless, the micro-structure of HCs is quite complex and the random organization of turbostratically stacked graphene layers, closed pores, and defects make the structure-performance relationship insufficiently revealed.

Corydalis tomentella Franch. Exerts anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects by regulating the calcium signaling pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Corydalis tomentella Franch. is a perennial cespitose plant commonly used to treat stomachaches as a folk medicine. The C.

Langevin picture of subdiffusion in nonuniformly expanding medium.

Anomalous diffusion phenomena have been observed in many complex physical and biological systems. One significant advance recently is the physical extension of particle's motion in a static medium to a uniformly and even nonuniformly expanding medium. The dynamic mechanism of the anomalous diffusion in the nonuniformly expanding medium has only been investigated by the approach of continuous-time random walk.

SPA-STOCSY: an automated tool for identifying annotated and non-annotated metabolites in high-throughput NMR spectra.

Motivation: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is widely used to analyze metabolites in biological samples, but the analysis requires specific expertise, it is time-consuming, and can be inaccurate. Here, we present a powerful automate tool, SPatial clustering Algorithm-Statistical TOtal Correlation SpectroscopY (SPA-STOCSY), which overcomes challenges faced when analyzing NMR data and identifies metabolites in a sample with high accuracy.

Results: As a data-driven method, SPA-STOCSY estimates all parameters from the input dataset.

Detection of the communicating accessory bile duct in laparoscopic resection of residual gallbladder by the combination of the indocyanine green fluorescence cholangiography and the intraoperative cholangiography: A case report.

Background: The partial cholecystectomy may be performed while in complicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Biliary anomalies especially the accessory bile duct are established high risk of bile duct injury (BDI) in LC. Laparoscopic resection of residual gallbladder is a challenging procedure and extremely vulnerable to BDI.

scRNASequest: an ecosystem of scRNA-seq analysis, visualization, and publishing.

Background: Single-cell RNA sequencing is a state-of-the-art technology to understand gene expression in complex tissues. With the growing amount of data being generated, the standardization and automation of data analysis are critical to generating hypotheses and discovering biological insights.

Results: Here, we present scRNASequest, a semi-automated single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data analysis workflow which allows (1) preprocessing from raw UMI count data, (2) harmonization by one or multiple methods, (3) reference-dataset-based cell type label transfer and embedding projection, (4) multi-sample, multi-condition single-cell level differential gene expression analysis, and (5) seamless integration with cellxgene VIP for visualization and with CellDepot for data hosting and sharing by generating compatible h5ad files.