A Universal Voltage-Enhancement Strategy Based on Multifunctional Ligand-Mediated Modulation for Na-Layered Oxide Cathode.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as promising energy storage solutions due to resource abundance and low cost, yet their practical deployment is hindered by limited operating voltages of cathode materials. Herein, we propose a universal ligand-field engineering strategy to enhance voltage through electronic structure modulation in transition metal oxides. Using the NaMgMnO as a model system, weak-field ligands are introduced to alter the coordination environment of MnO octahedra.

Carbon Restrains the Precipitation of Cu-Rich Nanoparticles in CuFeMnNi HEAs.

In this study, we report a strategy to suppress the formation of large Cu-rich particles by adding excessive interstitial carbon into CuFeMnNi high-entropy alloys. With the increase in C contents in the CuFeMnNi HEAs annealed at 1000 °C, the size and area fraction of the submicron Cu-rich particles markedly decreased. Of note, the CuFeMnNi 1.

Study on the 241Am-Be neutron reference radiation field established at CAEP.

In order to evaluate the field characteristics and instrument calibration capability of the 241Am-Be neutron reference radiation field at China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), this paper conducted a series of researches on the radiation field. Firstly, the neutron energy spectrum of the field was investigated by multi-sphere spectrometer and Geant4. Secondly, the quantity transmission from China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) to CAEP was achieved through the precision long counter system.

Visible Light-Driven High-Entropy Narrow Band Gap (YLaTbDyHo)MnO Photocatalyst: Structural Characterization, Selective Removal, DFT Calculation, and Photocatalytic Mechanism.

A (YLaTbDyHo)MnO (AMnO) high-entropy oxide was prepared by a simple polyacrylamide gel method and the addition of Y, La, Tb, Dy, and Ho elements in an equal molar ratio to the position of the Y element of YMnO. The high-entropy AMnO catalyst exhibits a high selectivity for degrading -C═O, -NH, and -OH bonds, as demonstrated by the results. When the catalyst content and initial contaminant concentration were 1 g/L and 50 mg/L, respectively, the degradation percentages of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) at pH 6.

Unraveling the Extraction and Complexation Trends of Rare-Earth Elements with a Nitrilotriacetamide Ligand.

The nitrilotriacetamide -octyl derivative ligand (NTAamide(-Oct)) is promising for minor actinide/lanthanide separation, yet periodic trends in its extraction and complexation across the lanthanide series remained unclear. This study systematically investigated its behavior with trivalent rare-earth ions (Ln, Y, and Sc) using solvent extraction, H NMR titration, UV-vis spectrophotometric titration, microcalorimetric titration, single-crystal X-ray diffractometry, ESI-MS, and FTIR. Key findings reveal opposing ionic radius dependencies.

New Oxyhalide Solid Electrolytes with Enhanced Conductivity for All-Solid-State Batteries.

Departing from conventional Li--X frameworks, we develop a Li--X oxyhalide chemistry (LiTaOCl, 0.8/3 ≤ ≤ 1.4/3) to overcome the conductivity limitation of halide-based solid electrolytes (SEs).

DNA-Compatible Synthesis of Pyrrolidine-Fused Scaffolds via a One-Pot Three-Component Cycloaddition Strategy.

Pyrrolidines are privileged scaffolds commonly found in natural products, endowed with distinctive biological activities and significant pharmaceutical relevance. Herein, we describe a robust, DNA-compatible strategy for the efficient synthesis of pyrrolidine-fused scaffolds via a three-component cycloaddition of azomethine ylides. The resulting scaffolds, bearing reactive N-termini, can be further diversified using a range of reagents, thereby enhancing the chemical diversity of drug-like pyrrolidine-fused DNA-encoded library (DEL).

Quantitative analysis of hydrogen mass fraction in catalytically reacted 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

1,4-Bis(phenylethynyl)benzene blended with an activated carbon-supported palladium catalyst has been demonstrated as an effective hydrogen scavenger in reducing hydrogen gas accumulation within vacuum-sealed and hermetically closed systems. Accurate determination of the hydrogen mass fraction in reacted 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene (DEB) is essential for guiding the replacement of hydrogen-absorbing materials. In this study, a novel method for determining the hydrogen mass fraction in reacted DEB was developed.

γ-Ray irradiated polyacrylamide networks enable high-performance Li||S pouch cells.

Binders are essential for maintaining positive electrode integrity in Li||S batteries and significantly affect their performance. However, commercial linear binders often have disordered networks, poor binding efficiency, and insufficient mechanical strength. To address these challenges, three-dimensional covalent binders offer a promising solution.

Local Structure Distortion and Oxygen Substitution in Zr-Based Halide Nanocomposites: Key to Enhanced Ionic Conductivity for All-Solid-State Batteries.

Designing highly conductive and (electro)chemically stable inorganic solid electrolytes (SEs) from cost-effective precursors is critical for developing all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). Herein, we report a series of low-cost zirconium (Zr) -based halide nanocomposite SEs, LiZrTaOCl ( = 0.33, 0.

The effect of weberite arrangement on the mechanical, thermophysical, and electronic properties of actinide-doped GdZrO.

This study employs density functional theory with Hubbard correction (DFT+) to investigate the influence of the weberite motif on the elastic moduli, Debye temperature, thermal conductivity, and electronic structures of actinides (Th, U, Np, Pu, and Am) in disordered GdZrO. The key distinction between the disordered and ordered GdZrO phases lies in the presence of the weberite motif. The incorporation of actinides into GdZrO containing the weberite motif results in a slight reduction in the elastic moduli and thermal conductivity, compared to actinides incorporated into GdZrO without the weberite motif.

Mesoscopic Structure of Lipid Nanoparticles Studied by Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering: A Spherical Core-Triple Shell Model Analysis.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are widely recognized as effective drug delivery systems for RNA therapeutics because their efficacy is critically dependent on structural organization. The mesoscopic architecture of these multicomponent systems, which is governed by interactions among ionizable lipids, structural lipids, nucleic acids, and stabilizers, dictates encapsulation efficiency, biodistribution, and therapeutic performance. Although small-angle X-Ray scattering (SAXS) enables nanostructure characterization, the absence of suitable analytical models has hindered LNP development.

Time-resolved x-ray spectrometer for opacity study through Z-pinch dynamic Hohlraum radiation.

A new time-resolved x-ray spectrometer is currently being developed in China's 10-MA facility, which is used for the Z-pinch dynamic Hohlraum radiation-driven opacity experiments. The spectrometer utilizes a six-slits imaging system, generating six frames of soft x-ray spectral images on time-resolved gold-coated MCP detectors after diffraction of a convex cylindrical KAP crystal. The gating time of the system is ∼1.

Atomic-Scale Simulations of Chemical Damage in Neoprene under Noble Gas Ion Irradiation.

The molecular simulation is an effective approach for investigating the effects of energetic ion irradiation on polymers. However, there is a lack of relevant studies on atomic structural changes and quantitative analysis. This study utilizes an inelastic thermal spike model and reactive molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the damage mechanisms of noble gas ion irradiation in neoprene rubber.

Polydopamine Chelate Modified Separators for Lithium Metal Batteries with High-Rate Capability and Ultra-Long Cycling Life.

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have gained significant attention because of their high theoretical energy density. However, under high-rate charge and discharge conditions, lithium metal anodes are susceptible to dendrite formation, compromising battery safety. Creating multifunctional separators offers an effective and cost-efficient solution for addressing fast charging and safety challenges in LMBs.

Crystal Structure and Physical Properties of a Layered Oxyarsenide SrVCrAsO.

We report the synthesis, crystal structure, and physical properties of the mixed transition-metal oxyarsenide SrVCrAsO. The compound has an ordered intergrowth structure with the perovskite-like layers of "SrVO" and the ThCrSi-type layers of "SrCrAs" stacking alternately along the crystallographic axis, in which ∼10% mixed occupancy between V and Cr is present for the sample synthesized by solid-state reactions. The electrical resistivity data show semiconducting-like behavior, probably associated with the occupancy disorders in the CrAs layers.

Anion-Deficient Transition Metal Oxynitrides as Anode Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells.

Transition metal oxynitrides, with their unique electronic structures and excellent conductivity, hold significant promise as anode materials in fuel cells. In this study, we synthesized and characterized two novel anion-deficient transition metal oxynitrides: CaLaVON and SrLaVON. Their crystal structures were determined via Rietveld refinement of X-ray and neutron diffraction data, revealing a higher concentration of anion vacancies in SrLaVON.

The measurement of the Kr(n,p)Br reaction cross-section for the d-T neutrons using highly enriched gas target.

The cross sections of the Kr(n,p)Br reaction were measured through the secondary decay of the residual nucleus Br at the neutron energies of 13.59, 13.86, 14.

Development of a twin Frisch-grid ionization chamber for correlated fission fragments studies.

A Twin Frisch-Grid Ionization Chamber (TFGIC) for the measurement of correlated fission fragments has been built in the Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry (INPC). The design and performance testing, as well as data analysis of fission experiments, have been described in this paper. The results of performance testing experiment with a compound alpha source of Am showed that the ratio of the electric field between the drift region and collection region should be greater than a critical value.

Revisiting the Interface Dynamics of MXene/Rubber Elastomers: Multiscale Mechanistic Insights into Collaborative Bonding for Robust Self-Healing Sensors.

Sophisticated flexible strain sensors based on MXene/rubber with self-healing capabilities are poised to transform future deformable electronics by restoring impaired performance after repeated deformation. Despite their potential, integrating excellent self-healing properties with superior mechanical strength in a single system remains a significant challenge due to simplistic interface architectures with weak bonds and limited understanding of MXene/rubber interface dynamics. To address this, a novel metal coordination bonding scheme has been developed, synergizing with dynamic hydrogen bonding to enhance interface bonding strength, enabling both outstanding mechanical and self-healing properties.

Ionization dynamics and x-ray transmission of aluminum plasma at temperature reaching 110 eV.

In this research, ∼0.14-micron-thick aluminum tamped by plastic is heated up to ∼110eV by the x-ray pulse from the Z-pinch-driven dynamic Hohlraum on an 8-MA machine in China. After an ∼6-ns heating stage, higher-energy xrays from an ∼2-ns- long backlight pulse pass through the hot aluminum.

Lu-Labeled Anticlaudin 6 Monoclonal Antibody for Targeted Therapy in Esophageal Cancer.

Advanced or metastatic esophageal cancer (EC) is associated with poor prognosis, necessitating new and effective treatment methods. We assess whether claudin 6 (CLDN6) is a useful target for the imaging and radiopharmaceutical therapy of EC using a novel pair of radioactive nuclides, Zr and Lu. CLDN6 messenger RNA expression was evaluated in 2 EC datasets ( = 436) and through a retrospective analysis of 109 patients with EC.

Exploring Oxonitridosilicate Synthesis: From Oxide Zeolites to Nitride Frameworks.

In this study, we synthesized the first CAN (crinite)-typed zeolite-like oxonitridosilicates, CaO(SiNO)[SiN] ( = La and Ce). The crystal structure of LaCaO(SiNO)[SiN] was determined through single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) data and neutron powder diffraction (NPD) data refinement. The compound crystallizes in hexagonal space group 6 (No.

Utilization of Stable and Efficient High-Entropy (NiZnMgCuCo)AlO Catalyst with Polyvalent Transition Metals to Boost Peroxymonosulfate Activation toward Pollutant Degradation.

A polyacrylamide gel method has been used to synthesize a variety of polyvalent-transition-metal-doped Ni position of high entropy spinel oxides (NiZnMgCuCo)AlO-800 °C (A) on the basis of NiAlO, and the catalytic activity of A is studied under the synergistic action of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation and simulated sunlight. The A containing polyvalent transition metals (Ni, Cu, and Co) can effectively activate PMS and efficiently degrade levofloxacin (LEV) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) under simulated sunlight irradiation. After 90 min of light exposure, the degradation percentages of LEV (50 mg L) and TCH (100 mg L) degrade by the A/PMS/vis system reach 87.

Nanosized κ-Carbide and B2 Boosting Strength Without Sacrificing Ductility in a Low-Density Fe-32Mn-11Al Steel.

High-performance lightweight materials are urgently needed because of energy savings and emission reduction. Here, we design a new steel with a low density of 6.41 g/cm, which is a 20% weight reduction compared to the conventional steel.