Impact of carotid web orientation on long-term thrombus growth risk: A numerical study using fluid-solid interaction.

Background: Carotid web (CaW) is a rare fibromuscular dysplasia lesion at the carotid bifurcation linked to thromboembolic events in young patients. CaW-induced hemodynamic disturbances contribute to thrombosis, but the impact of CaW morphology on long-term thrombotic risk remains unclear.

Method: This study developed three-dimensional numerical models based on patient-specific carotid artery anatomy with CaW angles of 30°, 60°, and 90° (models A, B, and C).

A temperature-controlled switching terahertz perfect absorption device based on a VO phase change metamaterial.

In this paper, we design and study a temperature-controlled switchable terahertz perfect absorber based on vanadium dioxide (VO), which shows excellent multi-band performance, high sensitivity and intelligent thermal management. The device consists of four layers in a metal-dielectric composite structure, which are a metal reflection layer, silicon dielectric layer, VO phase change layer and top metal pattern layer from bottom to top. The simulation results show that when VO is in the low-temperature insulation state, the absorption rate of the device is as high as 99.

Sr(Ⅱ) and Cs(Ⅰ) adsorbed by graphene synthesized from spent lithium-ion batteries anode materials via novelly electrochemical exfoliation.

The discharge of nuclear wastewater into the sea may pose a significant environmental and health risk due to radionuclides such as Cs and Sr. Consequently, the efficient removal of these nuclides has emerged as a focal point in the field of radioactive wastewater treatment. Traditional restoration methods, which rely on physical and chemical interventions as well as bioremediation, are economically burdensome and unsuitable for large-scale restoration efforts.

Effects of Forest Environments in Attenuating D-Galactose-Induced Immunosenescence: Insights from a Murine Model.

With the global aging population on the rise, identifying environmental factors that modulate immunosenescence is critical for health interventions. While urban green spaces are known to confer health benefits, the long-term effects of forest exposure on immunosenescence remain unclear. This study investigated the differential impacts of urban forest versus urban environments on immunosenescence using a D-galactose-induced murine model.

Organelle Genome Characteristics and Phylogenetic Analysis of a Warm-Season Turfgrass (Poaceae).

Plant mitochondrial genomes are characterized by their complex compositions and structures, large genomes, rapid recombination and evolution rates, and frequent intracellular gene transfer events. Centipedegrass, known as "Chinese turfgrass", is a warm-season turfgrass that exhibits excellent tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. The chloroplast genome, with 139,107 bp, and the mitochondrial genome, with 564,432 bp, were both assembled into a single circular structure.

Future Trends in Asymmetric Organo-Metal Combined Catalysis.

Asymmetric organo-metal combined catalysis, which integrates the catalytic functions of chiral organocatalysts and metal complexes, enables the enantioselective formation of challenging chemical bonds and facilitates cascade transformations, often without the need for intermediate purification. Since its inception in 2001, this paradigm has evolved into a versatile strategy for the rapid construction of molecular complexity with a high level of enantioselectivity. In this Outlook, we have highlighted the most recent contributions to this field, showcasing exciting opportunities to overcome current efficiency limits.

Directional Navigation of Low-Temperature Leidenfrost Droplets on Femtosecond Laser-Textured Superwettable Pattern Surfaces.

The Leidenfrost effect enables near-frictionless droplet transport by suspending droplets on vapor layers, making it pivotal for contact-free manipulation in microscale chemical reactions and material transport applications. Traditional ratchet structures that drive Leidenfrost droplet motion require the substrate material to be heated above the higher Leidenfrost point (LFP) critical temperature, which imposes significant demands on energy consumption and material heat resistance. Herein, we proposed a method that integrates femtosecond laser-induced deposition with femtosecond direct writing to fabricate a textured superwettable patterned surface, achieving directional droplet navigation at a notably low temperature of just 155 °C.

Synergistic engineering on surface chemistry and morphology in TiCT MXene towards high rate and durable LiO batteries.

The lithium‑oxygen battery (LOB) has emerged as an appropriate candidate for next-generation power supply system, owing to the ultrahigh theoretical energy density (3480 Wh kg) and relatively low cost. However, some intrinsic challenges, including high redox overpotentials, limited rate capability, and poor cyclic life, continue to hinder the practical deployment of lithium‑ oxygen batteries. The fundamental limitations originate from sluggish oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER) kinetics and parasitic side reactions, which can be effectively mitigated by employing efficient cathode electrocatalysts.

Indole-3-propionic acid enhances glycolytic myofiber formation in piglets through PI3K-mTOR activation and gut microbiota-driven tryptophan metabolic alteration.

Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) is a metabolite of tryptophan produced by gut bacterial catabolism that has a variety of functions, including anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging, and regulation of glucose metabolism. The present study evaluated the effects of dietary IPA supplementation on early muscle development in piglets. Twelve healthy Landrace × Rongchang piglets at 30 d of age were randomly divided into control (CON group, 10.

Programmable and Unidirectional Liquid Self-Transport on Modular Fluidic Units.

The precise control of liquids is essential for both organisms in harsh environments and human society. However, current nature-inspired fluidic systems, especially liquid self-transport on open-surfaces, lack programmability due to their inherent fixed structures, and freely integrating such interfaces remains challenging. Here, modular fluidic units (MFUs) enabling real-time reconfiguration of pathways through the simple assembly and disassembly of joint structures are presented.

Comprehensive analysis of RNA-seq data reveals novel insight in the formation of bamboo embryogenic callus in Bambusa changningensis.

Bamboo usually undergoes a prolonged vegetative growth period for several decades. Additionally, not all bamboo species produce seeds, and the regulatory mechanisms governing embryogenic callus formation remain unclear, which constrains molecular breeding progress in bamboo. Here, we used buds of Bambusa changningensis Yi et B.

Extremum-Seeking Control for a Robotic Leg Prosthesis with Sensory Feedback.

By sensing changes in the contact force between the leg and level ground, humans can perceive their walking speed and adjust leg stiffness to accommodate walking terrains. To realize this natural regulation mechanism on the lower limb amputee, noninvasive functional electrical stimulation (nFES) was used to assist the subject in sensing the change in contact force between the leg and level ground, allowing for the adjustment of control parameters in the prosthetic leg. The cost function was designed to combine the tracking errors of the joints and changes in the stimulating current.

Recent Advances in the Characterization of Subsurface Damage in Optical Materials.

Subsurface damage (SSD) in optical materials is easily induced during ultra-precision processes and plays a critical role in the surface performance and lifetime of optical materials. Without proper characterization of SSD in optical materials, it is difficult to fully understand its properties across various manufacturing processes and thus find effective ways to eliminate it. Despite the rapid development of SSD characterization, many unique features, principles, and applications of SSD characterization in optical materials are not known to this community.

Green Low-Temperature Activation and Curing for High-Toughness Geopolymer Binders from Diabase Tailings.

This study addresses the low reactivity and poor toughness of diabase tailings (DT), a high-silica industrial byproduct, which restricts their large-scale application in geopolymer binders. To overcome these limitations, a dual-regulation strategy integrating stepwise low-temperature thermal activation (100, 200, and 300 °C) with standard curing (20 ± 2 °C, 95% RH) was developed. This approach aimed to enhance mineral dissolution kinetics and facilitate the formation of a dense, interconnected gel network.

Transcriptomic Identification of Key Genes Responding to High Heat Stress in Moso Bamboo ().

Moso bamboo (), the most widely distributed bamboo species in China, is valued for both its shoots and timber. This species often faces challenges from high-temperature stress. To cope with this stress, Moso bamboo has evolved various adaptive mechanisms at the physiological and molecular levels.

Gut Microbial Signatures of Broiler Lines Divergently Selected for Inosine Monophosphate and Intramuscular Fat Content.

Consumers are increasingly concerned about the flavor quality of poultry meat, yet the relationship between inosine monophosphate (IMP), intramuscular fat (IMF), and the gut microbiota remains largely unclear. This study aimed to characterize the cecal microbiota associated with IMP/IMF deposition in Daheng broilers selectively bred for high-IMP/IMF levels (High group) and low levels (Control group). A two-stage microbiome analysis strategy was applied.

Improved Flotation Separation of Barite from Ca-Containing Gangue Minerals via Surface-Specific Adsorption of Sodium Lignosulfonate.

Sodium lignosulfonate (SL, a ubiquitous natural organic macromolecule) containing multiple hydrophilic functional groups was widely used in mineral flotation fields to separate valuable minerals and gangues. However, the selective adsorption mechanism of SL on similar mineral surfaces remains not fully elucidated, resulting in the challenges of the precise modulation of mineral flotation separation processes. In this work, SL as an effective depressant was employed in barite flotation systems, realizing the efficient separation of barite from calcite and fluorite.

Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy (SECCM) with Hydrogel Probes: A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation.

Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy (SECCM) has emerged as a powerful tool in electrochemical research due to its ability to measure morphology and electrochemical information simultaneously at the nano- or microscale. However, traditional SECCM using liquid probes suffers from issues, such as evaporation, solution residue, and droplet deformation. This study introduced a hydrogel-based SECCM probe and comprehensively explored its superiority over liquid probes through both theoretical and experimental approaches.

A multifunctional terahertz device based on vanadium dioxide metamaterials that switches between ultra-broadband absorption and ultra-high- narrowband absorption.

Terahertz (THz) absorbers with ultra-broadband and ultra-narrowband absorption capabilities are crucial for integrated and efficient terahertz modulation. This study proposes a dual-mode tunable terahertz absorber based on the phase transition characteristics of vanadium dioxide (VO), enabling dynamic switching between narrowband and broadband absorption through its insulating-to-metallic transition. In the insulating state, the excitation of quasi-bound states in the continuum (Q-BIC) resonance geometric parameter modulation of silicon pillars is investigated, with its physical mechanism elucidated impedance matching theory and multipole analysis.

Untargeted metabolomics analysis reveals comparative meat quality of different muscles and the impact of Saline-alkali land feeding on Dolang sheep (Ovis aries).

As an important meat resource, lamb has a wide consumer market worldwide. Dolang sheep of Xinjiang are renowned for their tender meat and unique flavor, and the quality of mutton is remarkably influenced by the saline-alkali environment. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the differences in meat quality between different parts of Dolang sheep and the meat quality under different rearing conditions in Shache and Bachu, Kashgar.

Room-Temperature Direct Homolysis of C─H Bond via Catalyst-Free Photoexcitation.

The C─H bond is the most abundant chemical bond in organic compounds. Therefore, the development of the more direct methods for C─H bond cleavage and the elucidation of their mechanisms will provide an important theoretical basis for achieving more efficient C─H functionalization and target molecule construction. In this study, the catalyst-free photon-induced direct homolysis of C─H bonds at room temperature was discovered for the first time.

The effects of carbon-14 exposure on photosynthetic energy metabolism and carbon metabolism in microalgae.

Carbon-14 (C) is one of the main radioactive elements in nuclear power plant effluent, but research on its ecological risk remains limited. This study aims to analyze the responses of photosynthetic performance and metabolic profiling in microalgae under C exposure and explore the effect of C on microalgae. The physiological traits results indicated that C inhibited the photosynthesis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii but promoted the photosynthesis of Chlorella vulgaris.

Molybdenum-Induced Oxidative and Inflammatory Injury and Metabolic Pathway Disruption in Goat Pancreas.

: Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential trace element for animals, but too much intake can cause adverse effects. Due to the metabolic characteristics of goats and other ruminants, they are more susceptible to the cumulative effects of Mo toxicity. A high Mo intake can cause multi-organ toxicity in ruminants, but the mechanism of damage to the pancreas is still unclear.

Imaging the Encapsulation of Formic Acids in Single LZU-111 COFs as Reductants, Microreactors, and Optical Microcavities for Record-High Iodate Anion Removal.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent attractive crystalline porous materials for the capture of radioactive iodate anions (IO). However, the optimization and improvement of COF performances have mainly relied on trial-and-error approaches using bulk ensemble samples, and high-performance COFs for IO treatment are still lacking. Here we image the encapsulation of formic acids in a model single LZU-111 COF (FA@LZU-111) to react with IO using dark-field optical microscopy (DFM) and quantitatively unveil the stepwise reduction kinetics of IO into I/I in real time.

The Effect of Sodium Phytate on the Liquid Preservation of Porcine Semen.

Semen quality plays a critical role in artificial insemination; however, the accumulation of oxidised substances during semen storage impairs sperm viability and function, ultimately reducing fertility. Sodium phytate is a naturally occurring compound found in plants, known for its potent antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium phytate on the preservation of porcine semen at various storage temperatures (17°C and 4°C).