Room-Temperature Direct Homolysis of C─H Bond via Catalyst-Free Photoexcitation.

The C─H bond is the most abundant chemical bond in organic compounds. Therefore, the development of the more direct methods for C─H bond cleavage and the elucidation of their mechanisms will provide an important theoretical basis for achieving more efficient C─H functionalization and target molecule construction. In this study, the catalyst-free photon-induced direct homolysis of C─H bonds at room temperature was discovered for the first time.

Erratum: Human endoglin-CD3 bispecific T cell engager antibody induces anti-tumor effect .

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/thno.53121.

Microplastic polymer type impacts water infiltration and its own transport in soil.

Microplastics (MPs) pose a substantial threat to humans and ecosystems. How MPs move in soils is controlled by a large number of coupled parameters, including MPs and soil properties as well as hydrological and geochemical conditions. We conduct laboratory experiments where two commonly MPs types found in soils-polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP)-are leached into an idealized soil analog (glass beads).

Decoding the impact of gut microbiota on heart failure.

Decreased cardiac output in heart failure leads to intestinal ischemia and increased permeability. Substantial changes occur in the gut microbiota, characterized by a decline in beneficial bacteria and an overgrowth of potentially harmful bacteria. The gut microbiota is intricately linked to prevalent risk factors for heart failure, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and renal insufficiency.

Chromium transformations and biological impacts in aquatic systems: From sediment-water interfaces to food web complexity.

Chromium (Cr), as a dual-state pollutant that is both essential (Cr(III)) and highly toxic (Cr(VI)), has attracted considerable attention for its environmental behaviour and biological effects in aquatic ecosystems. This review systematically analyses its speciation transformation, bioaccumulation and toxicity mechanisms based on the latest advances in multi-interface processes. Natural and industrial activities annually introduce approximately 1.

Enhanced efficiency in terahertz SIW array antennas.

In this paper, a terahertz slotted waveguide array antenna based on a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is proposed. The terahertz waves are fed from the rectangular waveguide (RWG) at the bottom of the antenna, coupled to slotted waveguide array through RWG-SIW transition. The proposed RWG-SIW transition realizes the vertical transfer from RWG to SIW and feeds the slotted waveguide array.

MHDBN: Mamba-based hybrid dual-branch network for multi-focus image fusion.

This paper proposes a Mamba-based Hybrid Dual-Branch Network (MHDBN) for high-quality multi-focus image fusion (MFIF). The network employs a parallel Mamba-ConvNeXt architecture. The Mamba branch efficiently captures long-range dependencies, while the ConvNeXt branch reinforces local texture representation.

A smartphone-based genetically recombinant whole-cell biosensor for highly sensitive monitoring of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

Background: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent carcinogens widely distributed in ecosystems. Their structural complexity-diverse chlorine numbers and positions-challenges detection using conventional methods like ELISA or instrumental analysis, which are limited to single congeners. Whole-cell biosensors (WCBs) present a promising alternative by enabling multi-congener detection, yet their sensitivity remains constrained by inefficient PCB-sensing proteins.

Solar evaporation-driven integrated system for saline soil remediation, freshwater recovery, salt resource harvest, and agricultural irrigation.

Soil, food, and clean water are essential resources for sustaining human society and preserving ecological balance. However, the growing challenges of soil salinization and freshwater scarcity increasingly threaten global agricultural productivity and environmental health. This work presents an innovative Wash-Evaporate-Irrigate (WEI) system that integrates saline soil remediation, solar-powered freshwater recovery, salt resource harvest, and agricultural irrigation into a cohesive and sustainable process.

Dual pathways of Mn oxide-driven Cr(III) release and transport in serpentine topsoil: OM-Cr(III) colloids and Cr(VI).

Geogenic Cr(III) oxidative release in serpentine soils is a continuous source of Cr contamination in surface and groundwater. Although manganese (Mn) oxides have been shown to be a key factor driving Cr(III) oxidative release, their oxidative mechanism and release fluxes in serpentine soils remain unclear. In this study, the dual mechanism of δ-MnO regulating Cr release and migration from surface soil was revealed through column leaching experiments.

TNF-α Promotes the Recovery of Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons from Cisplatin-Induced Injury Through an NGF-Independent Mechanism.

Nerve injury caused by chemotherapy drugs is a common side effect. How to reduce this kind of nerve injury and promote neuron recovery is of great significance. In this study, we found that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) promoted the recovery of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron from cisplatin-induced injury.

Clinical Features and Therapeutic Evaluation of Central Nervous System Involvement in Pediatric Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma.

Background: This study analyzed the clinical features of central nervous system involvement (CNS3) in pediatric anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and evaluated the CNCL-ALCL-2017 treatment protocol efficacy.

Methods: The clinical data of 215 pediatric ALCL patients aged ≤18 years, including 16 with CNS3, treated following the CNCL-ALCL-2017 protocol, were enrolled. Independent risk factors of CNS3 were determined using multi-factor logistic regression analysis, and survival curves were constructed.

Large-Scale Spatiotemporal Risk Assessment Method Based On Source-Pathway-Receptors: A 30-Year Case Study of Nonferrous Metal Industrial Sites.

Most existing risk assessment methods lack the capability to conduct large-scale analysis and accurately evaluate long-term trends. To solve this problem, this study integrated various methodologies, including analytical hierarchy process model, multicriteria decision analysis techniques, and spatial analysis, to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment based on sources, pathway, and receptors. With the aim of quantifying the spatiotemporal risk of nonferrous metal industrial sites in China from 1990 to 2020, this study performed hazard, vulnerability, and risk factor analyses to explore the trend of risk changes and reveal the effectiveness of pollution control efforts.

Anthocyanins from black glutinous rice bran: process efficiency and characterization of anthocyanins.

Black glutinous rice bran (BGRB) serves as a plentiful natural pigment source. However, limited research has been conducted on the extraction, purification, and characterization of the anthocyanins present in BGRB. This work aims to provide an eco-friendly process for industrial anthocyanin extraction and purification.

Disrupted resting-state interhemispheric functional connectivity in patients with first-episode moyamoya disease.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) has been reported to be associated with a wide range of structural and functional abnormalities of bilateral hemispheres. However, whether the interhemisphere functional connectivity (FC) of MMD patients is altered and its relationship with cognitive impairments still remain unclear. A total of 20 patients with MMD and 25 healthy subjects were included, matched based on age, sex, and level of education.

Effects of acid mine drainage on microbial community development and physicochemical properties of mine contaminated sites in Southwest China.

Investigations of the microbial community structures, potential functions and physicochemical property are useful for risk assessments, microbial monitoring, and the biogeochemical behaviour of contained environment by Acid Mine Drainage (AMD). In this study, nine sediment sampling sites were selected at Panjiaozhuang Town, in Guizhou, China to analyze the pollution conditions and their influences on microorganisms. The physicochemical property results showed significant differences in sediment and water physico chemical properties at different group.

Unveiling the roles of CTRP family in cardiac remodeling.

The C1q/TNF-related protein family (CTRPs), a group of adipokines sharing structural homology with adiponectin (APN), have emerged as crucial regulators of metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis. As secreted proteins with pleiotropic functions, CTRPs are involved in various physiological and pathological processes through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine mechanisms. Cardiac remodeling, a central pathological process in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) triggered by various cardiac injuries, involves structural and functional alterations in the myocardium.

Mechanistic insights into redox-driven formation, transformation and stability of Fe-HA-Cd nanocolloids at particle-water interfaces.

Natural organic matter (NOM) colloids are frequently encountered at the anoxic-oxic interface in subsurface environments. Their surface-rich functional groups and redox capacity exert a significant influence on the fate and transport of Fe and Cd in aquatic systems. The present study demonstrated that stable Fe-HA-Cd colloids formed in both anoxic and oxic environments, with hydrodynamic diameters stabilized at 97.

Ripening-induced defence signalling in Botrytis cinerea-infected tomato fruits involves activation of ERF.F4 by a MYC2-NOR/RIN protein complex.

Fleshy fruits are commercially and nutritionally important but become more susceptible to pathogens as they ripen. Active defence mechanisms continue to function in ripe fruits but they are influenced by ripening regulators and ripening outcomes. Botrytis cinerea is one of the most important fruit fungal pathogens of tomato and jasmonic acid (JA) is the major defence phytohormone involved in response to B.

Case Report: Endoscopic submucosal tunneling dissection using a golden knife for a giant gastric cancer lesion: a case report and literature review.

Background: Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) is a well-established technique for the removal of early gastrointestinal cancers. However, it is often perceived as time-consuming and carries a higher risk, particularly when dealing with larger lesions, especially those exceeding 3 cm in diameter. In this case report, we introduce the application of Endoscopic Submucosal Tunneling Dissection (ESTD) for the management of a substantial gastric superficial neoplasia, which encompassed a considerable area of early gastric cancer.

CuO-CuX NPs rich in oxygen vacancies modulated by halogen ions and their application in photocatalytic degradation.

Oxygen vacancies (OVs) are one of the most important strategies to modulate the photocatalytic properties of nanomaterials, but usually the preparation of OVs is complicated and difficult, so the development of a simple, gentle, and efficient method to prepare OVs is crucial. Herein, Cu/CuO NPs with a small number of OVs were prepared initially by a one-step reduction method. Then, with the addition of halogen ions (F, Cl, Br, and I), CuO-CuX NPs enriched with OVs were obtained at room temperature.

Effect of lead zinc mineralization area on heavy metals accumulation and geochemical fractions of agricultural soils in Southwest China.

Soils developed in karst regions are widely reported to exhibit high geological backgrounds of heavy metals (HMs) globally. However, due to unique geological conditions, there are both mineralized and/or altered areas of polymetallic minerals in karst areas, and whether the HMs concentrations of regional soil are affected by these mineralized and/or altered areas is far from enough attention at present. This study investigated the accumulation and chemical speciation of HMs in soils from typical lead-zinc mineralized zones in karst areas of Southwest China, using random forest (RF) modeling to identify key driving factors.

Quantification of mixing processes in mine water with low- or high‑sulfur minerals by a stable isotope mass balance.

Trace elements from metal sulfide-bearing strata present a pressing global environmental problem. The geochemistry, treatment, and reuse of trace elements in mine water are closely related to the occurrence and abundance of sulfur (S) in low sulfurous (LS) and high sulfurous (HS) minerals. To identify the relationship between S and trace elements, the hydrogeochemical variability of HS and LS waters with mining activities was investigated.

Numerical simulation study on the mining pressure law and collaborative failure of soft-hard interlayer working face.

Aiming at the problem that the roof of the soft-hard interbedded coal seam is prone to delamination and caving without warning during coal mining, taking the No. 2201 working face of a certain mine as the engineering background, a numerical simulation was carried out to study the mine pressure laws and fracture characteristics of the working face with soft-hard interbedded roof. The results show that: when the working face advances 32 m, the roof undergoes the first caving.

The fate of cadmium during the hydrolysis and solid-state transformation of iron.

The ubiquitous hydrolysis of Fe(III) ions in nature leads to the formation of ferrihydrite (Fh), which then undergoes solid-state transformation into crystalline mineral phases. However, the impact of this process on the geochemical fate of cadmium (Cd) in aquatic environments is not yet fully understood. This investigation systematically examined the partitioning mechanisms of Cd during the aforementioned processes through extraction techniques and multiple characterization methodologies.