Sesquiterpenoids from Euphorbia esula L.

Six undescribed sesquiterpene esters, euphoresulins A-F, along with fourteen known daucane analogues were isolated from the aerial parts of Euphorbia esula growing in Uzbekistan. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, with absolute configurations established by comparison of experimental and calculated ECD data, in addition to single-crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography. Euphoresulins A-F (1-6) presented sesquiterpene ester types of daucane for euphoresulins A-D (1-4) and aromadendrane for euphoresulins E-F (5-6).

Association between weekend recovery sleep and risk of incident dementia: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank.

Background: Sleep deprivation has been linked to higher dementia risk, but the role of weekend recovery sleep (WRS) in mitigating this risk remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the association between WRS and dementia risk.

Methods: This prospective cohort study followed 88,592 dementia-free adults aged 40-79 years from the UK Biobank, using wrist accelerometers to measure average weekday and weekend sleep durations.

Enhanced meningeal lymphatic drainage alleviates cognitive dysfunction induced by anesthesia and surgery in aged mice.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) occurs in elderly surgical patients as a common complication and manifests as cognitive decline. It is associated with neuroinflammation, microglial activation, and impaired metabolic waste clearance-key mechanisms underlying POCD. Meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) facilitate the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (IF), regulating brain immune responses and clearing metabolic waste, immune cells, and antigens, thus modulating neuroinflammation.

Night shift work and sleep duration among middle and older age adults: The role of individual, social, and environmental moderators.

Sleep is a critical yet often overlooked outcome in sociological inquiries into health disparities, acting as a crucial mechanism through which stress translates into health problems. This study investigates the impact of night shift work on sleep duration, a significant but under-explored area in social science research. Utilizing data from 217,863 participants in the UK Biobank, we examine how night shift work impacts sleep duration among middle-aged and older adults in the UK.

Novel COL4A3-COL4A5 variants and digenic inheritance in pediatric Alport syndrome from Southwestern China.

Alport syndrome is a hereditary glomerular disease driven by pathogenic variants in COL4A3-COL4A5 that compromise the α3-α4-α5 type IV collagen scaffold, manifesting as persistent hematuria, proteinuria, and ultimately end-stage renal disease. Its pronounced phenotypic variability, low sensitivity of renal biopsy, and limited response to ACE inhibitors complicate accurate diagnosis and therapy. In a cohort of 40 pedigrees from southwest China, we discovered 21 novel COL4A3-COL4A5 mutations.

Ecological design of high-performance synthetic microbial communities: from theoretical foundations to functional optimization.

The complexity of natural microbial communities poses significant challenges for predictive manipulation, driving the emergence of Synthetic Microbial Communities (SynComs) as tractable models for functional optimization in environmental, agricultural, and biomedical applications. While SynComs provide enhanced controllability, their rational design faces persistent challenges in achieving both functional precision and ecological stability. Here, we present a theoretical and methodological framework for engineering SynComs through the strategic integration of ecological principles, evolutionary theory, and computational innovation.

Ferrocene-functionalized indium-oxo cluster nanozyme for the detection of hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid.

Nanozymes are a class of nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme-like properties, which overcome the limitations of natural enzymes, such as poor stability, high cost, and difficulty in storage, thus achieving rapid development. Herein, the enzyme-like activity of ferrocene-functionalized indium-oxo cluster (TPP)[InFcDCA(µ-O)(µ-OCH)(Cl)], named [InFc], was analyzed. The obtained [InFc] cluster has good peroxidase-like activity, which can catalyze the reaction of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), o-phenylenediamine (OPD), and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) with HO.

Resveratrol attenuates ethylene glycol butyl ether-impaired zebrafish fertility via antioxidant mechanism.

Industrial pollutants and their metabolite derivatives constitute formidable threats to aquatic ecosystems upon environmental discharge. Ethylene glycol butyl ether (EGBE), an extensively employed organic solvent prevalent in industrial and household products, exhibits well-characterized reproductive toxicity. This investigation evaluated the protective effect of resveratrol (RSV) against EGBE-induced reproductive toxicity in zebrafish ovaries.

Aminoglycoside induces RIPOR2 translocation and phosphatidylserine externalization via distinct mechanisms.

Aminoglycosides are widely used to treat severe infections. However, systemically administered AGs preferentially kill cochlear hair cells, resulting in irreversible hearing loss. Recently, we found that AGs induce a rapid translocation of RIPOR2 in hair cells, a process that relies on functional mechanotransduction, subsequently dysregulates the autophagy/mitophagy pathway, and ultimately leads to irreversible hair cell death.

Optimizing lung SBRT delivery: A hybrid approach combining dynamic conformal arc (DCA) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) techniques.

Purpose: This study introduces and evaluates a hybrid dynamic conformal arc-volumetric modulated arc therapy (hDCA-VMAT) technique for lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). The goal is to combine the planning efficiency of VMAT with the delivery robustness of dynamic conformal arc (DCA) techniques, particularly for low-density lung targets where motion and dose calculation uncertainties pose challenges.

Methods: Twenty-four previously treated lung SBRT cases were retrospectively replanned using hDCA-VMAT, conventional VMAT, and aperture controlled VMAT (VMAT_AC).

[Biomechanical characteristics and clinical application of three-dimensional printed osteotomy guide plate combined with Ilizarov technique in treatment of rigid clubfoot].

Objective: To explore the biomechanical characteristics and clinical application effects of three-dimensional (3D) printed osteotomy guide plate combined with Ilizarov technique in the treatment of rigid clubfoot.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 11 patients with rigid clubfoot who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted between January 2019 and December 2024. There were 6 males and 5 females, aged 21-60 years with an average of 43.

A research agenda for GIScience in a time of disruptions.

Social issues, AI, and climate change are just a few of the disruptive focuses impacting science. The field of GIScience is well positioned to respond to accelerating disruptions due to the interdisciplinary nature of the field and the ability of GIScience approaches to be used in support of decision-making. This manuscript aims to start a conversation that will establish a research agenda for GIScience in an age of disruptions.

Sonic Hedgehog pathway: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potentials in ischemic stroke recovery.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of global mortality and disability, characterized by restricted cerebral blood flow and subsequent neuronal damage. The Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and recovery of IS by modulating neuroprotection, angiogenesis, blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and neurogenesis. This review provides an updated analysis of the Shh pathway's molecular mechanisms, emphasizing its neuroprotective effects, including anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant responses.

Rectifying and Discriminating Hard Negatives for Biomedical Retrieval Question Answering.

Retrieval Question Answering (ReQA) is a pivotal task in biomedical natural language processing, where the bi-encoders is a commonly employed solution due to its efficiency in retrieving answers from large candidate pools. However, bi-encoders falls short in capturing fine-grained interactions between questions and answers, a limitation that is even more pronounced in the biomedical field due to the inadequate model training caused by data scarcity. In recent developments, researchers have introduced hard in-batch negative sampling to enhance performance by enriching the training process with informative instances.

Screening of qPCR Reference Genes in Quinoa Under Cold, Heat, and Drought Gradient Stress.

Quinoa (), a stress-tolerant pseudocereal ideal for studying abiotic stress responses, was used to systematically identify optimal reference genes for qPCR normalization under gradient stresses: low temperatures (LT group: -2 °C to -10 °C), heat (HT group: 39° C to 45 °C), and drought (DR group: 7 to 13 days). Through multi-algorithm evaluation (GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, the ΔCt method, and RefFinder) of eleven candidates, condition-specific optimal genes were established as (Actin), (IT4 phosphatase-associated protein), (Ssu72-like family protein), and (Tryptophan synthase beta-subunit 2) for the LT group; and (Asparagine-rich protein) for the HT group; and , (S-phase kinase), and for the DR group, with , , (LIM domain-containing protein), , , , and (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2) demonstrating cross-stress stability (global group). (dihydrodipicolinate synthase) and (translation elongation factor) showed minimal stability.

Study the Effect of Heat Treatment on the Corrosion Resistance of AISI 347H Stainless Steel.

AISI 347H stainless steel is widely used in high-temperature environments due to its excellent creep strength and oxidation resistance; however, its corrosion performance remains highly sensitive to thermal oxidation, and the effects of thermal history on its passive film stability are not yet fully understood. This study addresses this knowledge gap by systematically investigating the influence of solution treatment on the corrosion and oxidation resistance of AISI 347H stainless steel. The specimens were subjected to solution heat treatment at 1050 °C, followed by air cooling, and then evaluated through electrochemical testing, high-temperature oxidation experiments at 550 °C, and multiscale surface characterization techniques.

Chemical Profiling of Anti-Inflammatory Constituents for Hongteng Baijiang Decoction Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Countercurrent Chromatography × High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry.

Comprehensive two-dimensional reverse phase countercurrent chromatography (CCC)×high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was investigated for chemical profiling and identification of bioactive components with anti-inflammatory activities for a traditional Chinese medicine formula, Hongteng Baijiang decoction (HBD), for the first time. Anti-inflammatory activity of different extractions from HBD were evaluated. Two-dimensional contour plots for CCC×HPLC were obtained after comprehensive separation was completed.

A common structural mechanism for RNA recognition by the SF3B complex in mRNA splicing and export.

The SF3B complex plays a critical role in branch point adenosine recognition during pre-mRNA splicing. Its largest subunit SF3B1 is frequently mutated in cancers, leading to aberrant alternative splicing. Besides its function in pre-mRNA splicing, the SF3B complex also binds mature or intronless mRNAs to facilitate their nuclear export.

Systematic investigation reveals extensive Epstein-Barr virus transcriptional regulation of the human genome.

We systematically investigate interactions between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transcriptional regulators (vTRs) and the human genome. Starting with 16 known and candidate vTRs, we identify nine whose introduction into human cells results in substantial alterations to host gene expression. Genome-scale determination of vTR genomic binding events and alterations to chromatin accessibility reveals a detailed map of EBV's functional interactions with the human genome, including >100,000 vTR binding events impacting almost a quarter of all human genes.

Causal relationship between gut microbiome, immune cell, and systemic lupus erythematosus: A Mendelian randomization analysis.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a highly heterogeneous, multifactorial complex disease. Its pathogenic mechanisms are extremely intricate, primarily characterized by immune dysregulation caused by the combined influence of genetic, environmental, and biological factors. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that gut microbiome play a crucial role in the onset and progression of SLE.

Development of a Strain-Specific Detection and Quantification Method for subsp. HN019 Using WGS-SNP Analysis and qPCR.

Accurate quantification of subsp. HN019, a clinically validated probiotic strain conferring immune modulation, gastrointestinal health, and gut barrier integrity benefits, is essential for diverse applications. To address the critical need for strain-specific detection, we developed a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay targeting a unique single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the K gene, identified through comparative whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis of 31 subsp.

Synergistic aptamer/molecularly imprinted polymer-driven fluorescence/colorimetric dual-mode sensor based on Au/ZIF-67 nanocomposites for ultrasensitive ochratoxin A detection.

A dual-mode fluorescent/colorimetric sensor is presented utilizing Au/ZIF-67 nanocomposites for an ultrasensitive ochratoxin A (OTA) detection. The system employs polydopamine-coated FeO nanoparticles (FeO@MIP) as magnetic recognition elements and aptamer/3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)-functionalized Au/ZIF-67 nanocomposites (Apt/TMB/Au/ZIF-67) as dual-signal probes for both fluorescence and colorimetric detection. Through molecular imprinting-aptamer synergistic recognition, OTA binding induces the formation of sandwich-structured particles (FeO@MIP-OTA-Apt/TMB/Au/ZIF-67).