Rectifying and Discriminating Hard Negatives for Biomedical Retrieval Question Answering.

Retrieval Question Answering (ReQA) is a pivotal task in biomedical natural language processing, where the bi-encoders is a commonly employed solution due to its efficiency in retrieving answers from large candidate pools. However, bi-encoders falls short in capturing fine-grained interactions between questions and answers, a limitation that is even more pronounced in the biomedical field due to the inadequate model training caused by data scarcity. In recent developments, researchers have introduced hard in-batch negative sampling to enhance performance by enriching the training process with informative instances.

Advanced Feature Extraction and Outlier Detection for 3D Biological/Biomedical Image Registration.

3D image registration is essential in computer vision, medical imaging, and robotics. By aligning images from different perspectives into a single coordinate system, this approach provides a consistent viewpoint for analysis. Using accurate image alignment, we may compare, evaluate, and integrate data from different contexts.

Unveiling the Temporal Dynamics and Molecular Regulation Profiles of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Following Spinal Cord Injury.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) initiates secondary inflammatory processes that exacerbate tissue damage, with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) playing a significant role in amplifying these cascades. This study aimed to explore the temporal dynamics and key regulatory genes of NET formation in SCI to identify therapeutic targets.

Methods: We integrated two transcriptomic datasets from the GEO database to identify differentially expressed NETs-related genes (NRGs) in SCI.

BCL-2 Inhibitor Regulates Number, Function, and Antitumor Immunity of T Cells by Influencing Glycolysis in AML.

BCL-2 is one of the key genes in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and BCL-2 inhibitor Venetoclax (VEN) is the preferred targeted drug for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. However, the effects of VEN on immune cells and antitumor immune responses in AML patients are poorly understood. We first tested the influence of VEN on AML cells and immune cells.

The Role of Outer Membrane Protein 16 in Pathogenesis, Vaccine Development, and Diagnostic Applications.

Brucellosis, caused by species, remains a significant zoonotic disease affecting both human and animal health worldwide. Among the outer membrane proteins (Omps) of , Omp16 has emerged as a key immunogenic target with potential applications in vaccine development and diagnostics. Omp16, a lipidated peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein, stimulates a strong proinflammatory response and is essential for maintaining the bacterial outer membrane integrity and facilitating host cell invasion.

CompasSeq: epitranscriptome-wide percentage assessment of metabolite-capped RNA at the transcript resolution.

Nucleotide-containing metabolites, e.g., NAD, can serve as noncanonical initiating nucleotides (NCIN) during transcription, yielding NCIN-capped RNAs (NCIN-RNAs).

FOXA1-TET1 Mediate the DNA Hypomethylation of IL-4 Is Involved in Dust Fall PM Induced Lung Inflammation.

PM has been linked to a variety of lung diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of lung inflammation caused by acute exposure to PM from the perspective of DNA methylation. Sprague-Dawley male rats were exposed to different concentrations of PM by non-exposure intratracheal instillation every other day for 3 times.

Analysis of factors influencing endometrial polyp recurrence after hysteroscopic polypectomy.

Objective: To analyze the factors influencing the recurrence of endometrial polyps after hysteroscopic polypectomy.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 925 patients who underwent hysteroscopic polypectomy for endometrial polyps at the Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine from January 2017 to December 2023. All patients were followed up for 6 months, and the factors influencing the recurrence of endometrial polyps after hysteroscopic polypectomy were analyzed.

DUSP14 attenuates airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in allergic asthma by regulating TAK1 activity.

Allergic asthma is characterized by persistent chronic airway inflammation, leading to mucus hypersecretion and airway hyperresponsiveness. Dual-specificity phosphatase 14 (DUSP14), a member of the DUSP family, is a key regulator in various biological processes. However, the function of DUSP14 in allergic asthma remains to be elucidated.

Head injury risk prediction for vulnerable road users based on Chinese adult male head data.

Prediction of injuries to vulnerable road users (VRUs) during the head-ground collision phase has been a long-standing challenges in accident modeling. This study aims to reveal the severity of head injury in vehicle-VRU collision (VVC) accidents and quantify the relationship between the head-ground collision (HGC) velocity and the injury levels of brain tissue with local human attributes. First, a finite element head model with Chinese human attributes was constructed and verified.

Predicting lymphatic transport potential using graph transformer based on limited historical data from in vivo studies.

The lymphatic system hosts a large number of therapeutic targets that can be used to modulate a wide range of diseases including cancers, autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, infectious diseases and metabolic syndrome; however, drug access to the lymphatic system is often challenging. Over the past decades significant efforts have been made to promote drug transport to the lymphatics through medicinal chemistry approaches, and a number of promising progresses are emerging. Nevertheless, so far it remains difficult to clearly delineate the mechanism of lymphatic drug transport and to map the design criteria for lymphotropic drug molecules, and the attempts to synthesize lymph-directing drug candidates or drug derivatives are largely in an experience-driven, trial and error basis.

Visfatin promotes multiple myeloma cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis by inducing IL-6 production via NF-κB pathways.

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most prevalent hematological malignancy that results in the proliferation of malignant plasma cells and the overproduction of monoclonal immunoglobulin. Visfatin plays an important role in the regulation of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation; however, to this date, the role of visfatin in multiple myeloma is unclear.

Objective: To explore the role of visfatin in multiple myeloma and find new targets for MM treatment.

FedWeight: mitigating covariate shift of federated learning on electronic health records data through patients re-weighting.

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative analysis of decentralized medical data while preserving patient privacy. However, the covariate shift from demographic and clinical differences can reduce model generalizability. We propose FedWeight, a novel FL framework that mitigates covariate shift by reweighting patient data from the source sites using density estimators, allowing the trained model to better align with the distribution of the target site.

Factors influencing the anxiety and depression status in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer assisted pregnancy.

Women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) can suffer from anxiety and depression at various levels during the process. This study aimed to assess the anxiety and depression statuses (primary outcome) and influencing factors (secondary outcome) among patients undergoing IVF-ET. A 2019-2020 survey at Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital studied IVF-ET patients, evaluating anxiety and depression with GAD-7 and PHQ-9 alongside demographic data, using logistic regression for influencing factors.

Recent advances in mitochondrial transplantation to treat disease.

Mitochondrial transplantation (MT), an innovative regenerative technique widely used to treat diseases caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, shows great promise for clinical application. This procedure can increase the number of mitochondria and improve the function of damaged mitochondria, resulting in increased adenosine triphosphate levels, decreased reactive oxygen species production, improved Ca buffering capacity, modulated inflammatory response, and reduced apoptosis to protect cells, thus promoting tissue repair. In this review, we describe research advances in MT over the last five years, focusing on its application in treating various diseases, including ischaemic injuries (of the kidney, heart, lung, and liver), neurodegenerative disorders, spinal cord injury, sepsis, diabetes mellitus, stroke, and ultraviolet radiation injuries, as well as in procedures such as organ transplantation, focusing on instances where MT demonstrated good efficacy.

Efficacy and Safety of triplet versus doublet regimens in patients with multiple myeloma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The efficacy and safety of various therapies for multiple myeloma (MM) remain a subject of ongoing debate, with inconsistent findings. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of triplet versus doublet regimens in the management of MM. This study followed the guidelines delineated in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 statement, with our protocol duly registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024527903).

Tissue-specific extracellular matrix for the larger-scaled expansion of spinal cord organoids.

Spinal cord organoids (SCOs) are in vitro models that faithfully recapitulate the basic tissue architecture and cell types of the spinal cord and play a crucial role in developmental studies, disease modeling, and drug screening. Physiological cues are required for proliferation and differentiation during SCO culture. However, commonly used basement membrane matrix products, such as Matrigel®, lack tissue-specific biophysical signals.

TNF-α mediates activation of neuronal necroptotic signaling in rat with syringomyelia.

Syringomyelia is a severe and progressive disease characterized by fluid-filled cavities that form within the spinal cord, leading to progressive neurological deterioration. However, the molecular mechanisms that cause neuronal death and subsequent dysfunction remain incompletely understood. This study demonstrates that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-mediated necroptosis plays a crucial role in neuronal death during syringomyelia progression.

Effects of circPICALM-miR-132-PHKB regulated by METTL3 on proliferation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells.

Circular RNA (circRNA) is ubiquitously expressed in highly differentiated eukaryotes, playing an extremely vital regulatory role in muscle growth and development. In this study, we identified circPICALM, a novel circRNA which consists of exons 5 to 9 of the PICALM gene, exhibiting differential expression in the longissimus dorsi muscle (LD) of adult (QA) and newborn (QN) Queshan Black pigs. CircPICALM is resistant to RNase R, mainly located in the cytoplasm with potential coding capacities.

A biodegradable and restorative peripheral neural interface for the interrogation of neuropathic injuries.

Monitoring the early-stage healing of severe traumatic nerve injuries is essential to gather physiological and pathological information for timely interventions and optimal clinical outcomes. Traditional diagnostic methods relying on physical examinations, imaging tools, and intraoperative electrophysiological testing present great challenges in continuous and remote monitoring. While implantable peripheral nerve interfaces provide direct access to nerve fibers for precise interrogation and modulation, conventional non-degradable designs pose limited utilization in nerve injury rehabilitation.

Threonine and tyrosine kinase promotes multiple myeloma progression by regulating regucalcin expression.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant proliferative disorder of plasma cells and remains an incurable disease. Threonine and tyrosine kinase (TTK) is a dual-specific protein kinase that targets serine/threonine and tyrosine residues for phosphorylation. Its elevated expression has been linked to unfavorable outcomes in several types of cancer.

Hybrid transformer-based model for mammogram classification by integrating prior and current images.

Background: Breast cancer screening via mammography plays a crucial role in early detection, significantly impacting women's health outcomes worldwide. However, the manual analysis of mammographic images is time-consuming and requires specialized expertise, presenting substantial challenges in medical practice.

Purpose: To address these challenges, we introduce a CNN-Transformer based model tailored for breast cancer classification through mammographic analysis.

H4K12 lactylation-regulated NLRP3 is involved in cigarette smoke-accelerated Alzheimer-like pathology through mTOR-regulated autophagy and activation of microglia.

Cigarette smoke (CS), an indoor environmental pollution, is an environmental risk factor for diverse neurological disorders. However, the neurotoxicological effects and mechanisms of CS on Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression remain unclear. We found that CS accelerated the progression of AD, including increasing β-amyloid (Aβ) plaque deposition and exacerbating cognitive decline.

Gut Microbial Composition and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles in Dairy Calves with Diarrhea.

Calf diarrhea is a prevalent and significant health issue in dairy farming, severely impacting feed intake, weight gain, and survival rates in young calves. This study aimed to investigate the microbial composition and antibiotic resistance profiles of diarrheic calves to provide insights into the epidemiology and management of the condition. The prevalence of diarrhea in 1685 calves was analyzed.

Forkhead box N1 is possibly a novel biomarker and prognostic indicator for patients with squamous cell lung carcinoma.

The roles of Forkhead box N1 (FOXN1) in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) remains elusive. This study was focused on assessing the expression levels of FOXN1 in LUSC and exploring its potential clinical implications. Utilizing a range of databases, this study conducted an analysis of the FOXN1 gene's expression levels, comparing LUSC samples with those from normal lung tissues.