DNA-Compatible Synthesis of Pyrrolidine-Fused Scaffolds via a One-Pot Three-Component Cycloaddition Strategy.

Pyrrolidines are privileged scaffolds commonly found in natural products, endowed with distinctive biological activities and significant pharmaceutical relevance. Herein, we describe a robust, DNA-compatible strategy for the efficient synthesis of pyrrolidine-fused scaffolds via a three-component cycloaddition of azomethine ylides. The resulting scaffolds, bearing reactive N-termini, can be further diversified using a range of reagents, thereby enhancing the chemical diversity of drug-like pyrrolidine-fused DNA-encoded library (DEL).

Prodrug Strategy for PROTACs: High Efficiency and Low Toxicity.

At present, PROTACs have garnered significant attention as a burgeoning therapeutic approach. Relying on endogenous E3 ubiquitin ligases, PROTACs achieve the catalytic degradation of target proteins through a cyclic catalytic mechanism. Its event-driven pharmacology has resolved the problem of "undruggable" targets in diseases, such as cancers, greatly expanding the field of drug development.

Accurate treatment effect estimation using inverse probability of treatment weighting with deep learning.

Objectives: Observational data have been actively used to estimate treatment effect, driven by the growing availability of electronic health records (EHRs). However, EHRs typically consist of longitudinal records, often introducing time-dependent confounding that hinder the unbiased estimation of treatment effect. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) is a widely used propensity score method since it provides unbiased treatment effect estimation and its derivation is straightforward.

Improving Antimicrobial Utilization and Infection Control in Ophthalmology: An Information-Assisted Transparent Supervision and Multidisciplinary Team Model.

Background: Using antimicrobials wisely is crucial for effective treatment and reducing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). As ocular infections can lead to serious consequences and ophthalmic surgery has a great impact on patients, the application of antimicrobials in ophthalmology needs to be managed in a standardized manner.

Methods: A multidisciplinary team (MDT) on antimicrobial stewardship was set up by adopting comprehensive management measures and a continuous improvement model with all-staff training and empowerment, information-assisted medical prescription control, and transparent supervision.

A real-world study on the treatment of extremely preterm infants: a multi-center study in southwest area of Fujian Province in China.

Background: Due to regional and cultural differences, the current status of extremely preterm infants(EPIs) treatment across different areas of mainland China remains unclear. This study investigated the survival rate and incidence of major diseases among EPIs in the southwest area of Fujian province.

Method: This retrospective and multicenter study collected perinatal data from EPIs with gestational ages between 22-27w and born in the southwest area of Fujian province.

Association between PER and CRY gene polymorphisms and the response to caffeine citrate treatment in infants with apnea of prematurity.

Background: Circadian rhythms impact metabolism and the therapeutic effects of drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between and polymorphisms and caffeine citrate treatment response in infants with apnea of prematurity.

Methods: A total of 221 preterm infants of gestational age <34 weeks were included in this study (160 in the response group and 61 in the non-response group).

Dental care access for children in the United States.

Objectives: To evaluate access to dental care for children in the United States.

Methods: The study population included children in 48 states and the District of Columbia. Using multiple data sources, dental care access was estimated at the community level by matching dental care supply and demand using mathematical modeling accounting for access constraints.

Deep Attention Q-Network for Personalized Treatment Recommendation.

Tailoring treatment for severely ill patients is crucial yet challenging to achieve optimal healthcare outcomes. Recent advances in reinforcement learning offer promising personalized treatment recommendations. However, they often rely solely on a patient's current physiological state, which may not accurately represent the true health status of the patient.

Joint COVID-19 and influenza-like illness forecasts in the United States using internet search information.

Background: As the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic continues, severe seasonal Influenza (flu) may happen alongside COVID-19. This could cause a "twindemic", in which there are additional burdens on health care resources and public safety compared to those occurring in the presence of a single infection. Amidst the raising trend of co-infections of the two diseases, forecasting both Influenza-like Illness (ILI) outbreaks and COVID-19 waves in a reliable and timely manner becomes more urgent than ever.

Interaction of gut microbiota with the tumor microenvironment: A new strategy for antitumor treatment and traditional Chinese medicine in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. In recent years, the relationship between gut microbiota and CRC has attracted increasing attention from researchers. Studies reported that changes in the composition of gut microbiota, such as increase in the number of and , impair the immune surveillance by affecting the intestinal mucosal immunity and increase the risk of tumor initiation and progression.

Lewis Acid-Base Adducts for Efficient and Stable Cesium-Based Lead Iodide-Rich Perovskite Solar Cells.

All-inorganic cesium-lead-iodide (CsPbI Br (2 < x < 3)) perovskite presents preeminent photovoltaic performance and chemical stability. Unfortunately, this kind of material suffers from phase transition to a nonperovskite phase under oxidative chemical stresses. Herein, the introduction of a low concentration of Lewis acid-base adducts (LABAs) is reported to synergistically reduce defect density, optimize interfacial energy alignment, and improve device stability of CsPbI Br Cl (CsPbTh ) solar cells.

The impact of dentists' availability in delivering dental care in Florida Elementary Schools.

Objective: This study evaluates the dentists' availability to deliver preventive dental care to children in schools and the impact of school-based programs on access.

Methods: The study population included Florida elementary-school children, differentiated by dental insurance (Medicaid, CHIP, private, or none). We considered the implementation of school-based programs using optimization modeling to (re)allocate the dentists' caseload to schools to meet demand for preventive care under resource constraints.

COVID-19 forecasts using Internet search information in the United States.

As the COVID-19 ravaging through the globe, accurate forecasts of the disease spread are crucial for situational awareness, resource allocation, and public health decision-making. Alternative to the traditional disease surveillance data collected by the United States (US) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), big data from Internet such as online search volumes also contain valuable information for tracking infectious disease dynamics such as influenza epidemic. In this study, we develop a statistical model using Internet search volume of relevant queries to track and predict COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.

COVID-19 hospitalizations forecasts using internet search data.

As the COVID-19 spread over the globe and new variants of COVID-19 keep occurring, reliable real-time forecasts of COVID-19 hospitalizations are critical for public health decisions on medical resources allocations. This paper aims to forecast future 2 weeks national and state-level COVID-19 new hospital admissions in the United States. Our method is inspired by the strong association between public search behavior and hospitalization admissions and is extended from a previously-proposed influenza tracking model, AutoRegression with GOogle search data (ARGO).

Evaluating access to pediatric oral health care in the southeastern states.

Background: In this article, the authors addressed shortcomings in existing research on pediatric oral health care access using rigorous data and methods for identifying statistically significant disparities in oral health care access for children.

Methods: The study population included children, differentiated by insurance status (Medicaid, Children's Health Insurance Program, private, none). The authors measured provider-level supply as the number of oral health care visits, stratified by provider type and urbanicity-rurality.

Highly Efficient and Stable CsPbTh (Th = I, Br, Cl) Perovskite Solar Cells by Combinational Passivation Strategy.

The distorted lead iodide octahedra of all-inorganic perovskite based on triple halide-mixed CsPb(I Br Cl ) framework have made a tremendous breakthrough in its black phase stability and photovoltaic efficiency. However, their performance still suffers from severe ion migration, trap-induced nonradiative recombination, and black phase instability due to lower tolerance factor and high total energy. Here, a combinational passivation strategy to suppress ion migration and reduce traps both on the surface and in the bulk of the CsPhTh perovskite film is developed, resulting in improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) to as high as 19.

Global Sensitivity Analysis via a Statistical Tolerance Approach.

Sensitivity analysis and multiparametric programming in optimization modeling study variations of optimal value and solutions in the presence of uncertain input parameters. In this paper, we consider simultaneous variations in the inputs of the objective and constraint (jointly called the ), where the uncertainty is represented as a multivariate probability distribution. We introduce a tolerance approach based on principal component analysis, which obtains a tolerance region that is suited to the given distribution and can be considered a confidence set for the random input parameters.

Design of Driving Waveform for Shortening Response Time of Black Particles and White Particles in Three-Color Electrophoretic Displays.

The shortage of color in traditional electrophoretic displays (EPDs) can be compensated by three-color EPDs. However, the response time of black particles and white particles is increased. A new driving waveform based on the principle of three-color EPDs and electrophoresis theory was proposed to shorten the response time of black particles and white particles.

Design of Driving Waveform Based on a Damping Oscillation for Optimizing Red Saturation in Three-Color Electrophoretic Displays.

At present, three-color electrophoretic displays (EPDs) have problems of dim brightness and insufficient color saturation. In this paper, a driving waveform based on a damping oscillation was proposed to optimize the red saturation in three-color EPDs. The optimized driving waveform was composed of an erasing stage, a particles activation stage, a red electrophoretic particles purification stage, and a red display stage.

Model-Free Lens Distortion Correction Based on Phase Analysis of Fringe-Patterns.

The existing lens correction methods deal with the distortion correction by one or more specific image distortion models. However, distortion determination may fail when an unsuitable model is used. So, methods based on the distortion model would have some drawbacks.

HBV infection exacerbates PTEN defects in hepatocellular carcinoma through upregulation of miR-181a/382/362/19a.

A high hepatitis B virus (HBV) load and chronic hepatitis B infection are well-recognized risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), highlighting the need for research into the mechanisms underlying the role of HBV infection in HCC. Because phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) has been implicated in HCC development, we explored whether PTEN has a role in HBV-related hepatocarcinogenesis. We found that PTEN expression was correlated with advanced clinicopathological features and that HBV infection exacerbates PTEN defects in HCC.

Identification of Group B Streptococcus Serotypes and Genotypes in Late Pregnant Women and Neonates That Are Associated With Neonatal Early-Onset Infection in a South China Population.

Group B (GBS) colonized in late pregnancies has been associated with neonatal early-onset GBS disease (GBS-EOD) in China. This study investigated if GBS serotype and genotype in late pregnancy is associated with GBS-EOD, providing a reference for GBS-EOD prevention and treatment. A total of 298 pregnant women with GBS colonization during their late pregnancy and 32 invasive GBS-EOD cases were included in this study for GBS serotyping and genotyping using commercial kits and DNA sequencing.

Clinical characteristics of critically ill patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the influenza virus in Wuhan, China.

Objective: To delineate the clinical characteristics of critically ill COVID-19 patients co-infected with influenza.

Methods: This study included adult patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 form Tongji Hospital (Wuhan, China), with or without influenza, and compared their clinical characteristics.

Results: Among 93 patients, 44 died and 49 were discharged.