Identifying meaningful drug response biomarkers from public pharmacogenomic datasets with biologically informed interpretable neural networks.

With the advancements of next-generation sequencing, publicly available pharmacogenomic datasets from cancer cell lines provide a handle for developing predictive models of drug responses and identifying associated biomarkers. However, many currently available predictive models are often just used as black boxes, lacking meaningful biological interpretations. In this study, we made use of open-source drug response data from cancer cell lines, in conjunction with KEGG pathway information, to develop sparse neural networks, K-net, enabling the prediction of drug response in EGFR signaling pathways and the identification of key biomarkers.

Expression of host-specific Lysyloxidase double-stranded RNA in Metarhizhium anisopliae enhanced virulence against the rice pest Sogatella furcifera.

Background: Entomopathogenic fungi show great potential as biological control agents for managing insect pests. However, host defenses have limited the effectiveness of these fungi in practice. Utilizing genetic engineering-based technology could be a promising strategy to enhance the killing efficiency of these fungi against insect pests.

Optimized protocols for the simultaneous isolation of primary brain microvascular endothelial cells and primary neurons with high purity and functional maturation from individual newborn mice.

Background: Current neurovascular unit isolation requires processing brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and neurons from separate animals, preventing concurrent analysis of neurovascular crosstalk within identical genetic/physiological contexts.

New Methods: We developed an enzymatic digestion/bovine serum albumin density gradient technique that enables the simultaneous isolation of neural tissue and microvascular segments from individual mice. The neural tissue was filtered and centrifuged for primary cortical neuron culture on poly-L-lysine-coated plates.

Can the elderly benefit from unitization? - Effects of different unitization manipulations on age-related associative memory deficit.

With the aging process, older adults performed significantly poorer than young adults at remembering the relationships between pieces of information. This phenomenon is known as age-related associative memory deficit. Associative Deficit Hypothesis posits that this deficit stems from hippocampal atrophy in older adults, leading to a decline in their ability to bind information and an impairment in hippocampus-dependent recollection.

Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Aminomethylative Pyridonation of Conjugated Dienes.

A novel palladium-catalyzed asymmetric aminomethylative pyridonation of conjugated dienes with -acetals and 2-hydroxypyridines was established, which provided a direct and reliable method for the synthesis of a wide range of γ-aminated N-substituted 2-pyridones with good to excellent enantioselectivities. The simple BF was identified as an effective cocatalyst to improve the reaction efficiency, and DFT calculations revealed that proton transfer between the aminomethylated allylic palladium species and 2-hydroxypyridine promoted by BF is crucial for obtaining good reactivity.

Predictive Value of Early Nursing Scores on 90-Day Outcomes in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients.

BACKGROUND Multiple factors impact the prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study aimed to evaluate prognosis at 90 days after ICH in 561 patients using the numerical rating scale (NRS), the Braden scale, the Morse fall risk scale (MFS), and the enhanced modified early warning (MEW) scale. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective study was performed among 561 patients with ICH diagnosed in our hospital.

Promising application of microalgal-bacterial granular sludge for 17α-ethinylestradiol removal: Effective transformation and detoxification.

Microalgal-bacterial granular sludge (MBGS) efficiently removes conventional contaminants, but its potential for estrogen transformation and detoxification remains unclear, which is a concerning topic for biological wastewater treatment of endocrine-disrupting contaminants. This study comprehensively investigated the fate, transformation, and detoxification of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in MBGS. Results demonstrated that MBGS showed superior performance to standalone Chlorella vulgaris and aerobic granular sludge, achieving 80.

Liquiritigenin Alleviates Inflammation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Acute Pancreatitis via ERβ-VDAC1 Signaling.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Liquorice (Gancao), a classic Chinese herb, has been historically prescribed for inflammation and gastrointestinal disorders. Its bioactive flavonoid liquiritigenin (4',7-dihydroxyflavone) exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, yet its efficacy against acute pancreatitis (AP) remains unexplored.

Aim: To systematically investigate the therapeutic potential of liquiritigenin against AP and decipher its estrogen receptor beta (ERβ)-mediated mitochondrial regulatory mechanisms.

Activation of Chlorite with Sunlight for the Efficient Disinfection of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: the Overlooked Contribution of Cytomembrane-Bound Chlorite.

Current antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) disinfection techniques commonly rely on large dosages of oxidants, resulting in the presence of considerable amounts of residuals and toxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in water. Herein, we propose a highly effective ARB disinfection approach via activating an ultralow concentration (10 μM) of chlorite (ClO) by naturally abundant sunlight to generate various reactive species (i.e.

Correction: Monocyte count combined with GTVnx is an independent prognostic factor in non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving radiotherapy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2025.

Research progress on predicting KRAS gene mutations in colorectal cancer by combining radiomics and multimodal medical imaging.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), a highly prevalent malignant tumor in clinical practice, poses a serious threat to human health. In 2015, the relevant guidelines issued by the United States clearly stipulated that only patients with the wild-type kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS) gene were recommended to receive epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor treatment. Therefore, accurately predicting the status of the KRAS gene plays a crucial role in formulating scientific and reasonable treatment plans and improving prognosis.

Mechanical Properties Measured by Atomic Force Microscopy Help Evaluate Different Constructions of Re-engineered Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Models.

Despite the success of chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) in hematological malignancies, challenges persist, including limited efficacy in solid tumors, on-off tumor toxicity, and CAR-T cell persistence. Cellular mechanics profoundly influence cell behavior and function, yet the biophysical aspects of CAR-T cells remain underexplored. Here, we investigate various CAR molecules incorporating CD19 or CD123 recognition domains.

Transformational Advances in the Case for 1D Superconductivity Over 3D: Uncovering Science and Envisioning the Future.

In this review paper, we begin by introducing the fundamental concepts of superconductivity, laying the groundwork for understanding its principles and applications. We then delve into the scientific advantages of one-dimensional (1D) superconductors over three-dimensional (3D) superconductors, highlighting the main significant enhancement in the upper critical field, which can increase by two orders of magnitude. This feature is crucial for advancing the technological performance of superconducting high-field magnets.

Optimal low-frequency mechanical vibration enhances extracellular polymeric substances-mediated phosphorus removal in biological systems.

The biological phosphorus removal (BPR) process relies on frequent phosphorus exchange between functional microorganisms and their surrounding environment. However, limited mass transfer restricts the overall phosphorus removal efficiency. In this study, low-frequency mechanical vibration (LFMV) was introduced into the anaerobic/oxic reactors.

Novel ternary deep eutectic solvent coupled with in-situ-ultrasound synergistic extraction of flavonoids from Epimedium wushanense: machine learning, mechanistic investigation, and antioxidant activity.

This study innovatively developed a novel ternary deep eutectic solvent coupled with in-situ-ultrasound synergistic extraction (TDES-ISUSE)method for efficient extraction of total flavonoids (TF) fromEpimedium wushanense. Among 20 prepared DESs, the ternary system composed of choline bitartrate, urea, and glycerol (Chb:Ure:Gly) exhibited the highest extraction efficiency. Response surface methodology-artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (RSM-ANN-GA) optimization identified the optimal extraction parameters: water content of 32 %, vortex time of 10 min, liquid/solid ratio of 34:1 mL/g, ultrasound time of 30 min, and ultrasound power of 270 W.

Computational insights and activity evaluation of novel SHP-2 inhibitors for targeting type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Protein-tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) has become a new target in the study of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Currently, there are no marketed drugs targeting SHP-2 to study T2DM caused by insulin resistance. Therefore, this study screened out SHP-2 inhibitors with potential inhibitory activity from 2 million compounds, combined with ADME/T, Lipinski &Veber rules, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation.

Redox-Active Polyphenol Red Molecularly Imprinted Polymers on Porous Gold Electrodes for Ultrasensitive, AI-Assisted Detection of Alzheimer's Biomarkers in Undiluted Biofluids.

Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is hindered by the high cost, complexity, and centralization of current diagnostic platforms such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and single-molecule array (SIMOA). Here, an integrated point-of-care (PoC) biosensing platform is reported based on redox-active polyphenol red molecularly imprinted polymers (pPhR MIPs) deposited on highly porous gold (HPG) electrodes for the ultrasensitive, reagent-free detection of phosphorylated tau 181 (p-tau 181) in undiluted plasma and serum. The unique electrochemical interface combines the signal-enhancing properties of HPG with the redox functionality of pPhR, eliminating the need for external redox probes.

Refugial isolation and ecological niche differentiation promote genetic divergence of Oresitrophe and Mukdenia in Northeast Asia.

Premise: The demographic histories of temperate plants in Northeast Asia in response to Quaternary climate oscillations have long been the focus of evolutionary biologists, but have rarely been studied in herbaceous plants. Here, we investigated the phylogeographic patterns of Mukdenia and Oresitrophe.

Methods: We sequenced two plastid regions for O.

A review on n-type chemical doping of graphene films: preparation, characterization and applications.

Chemical doping has emerged as a powerful approach for modulating the electronic properties of graphene, and particularly for enabling its integration into advanced electronic and optoelectronic devices. While considerable progress has been made in achieving stable p-type doping, realizing efficient and reliable n-type doping remains a greater challenge due to the inherent instability of most electron-donating dopants and intrinsic semi-metallic nature of pristine graphene. This review summarises the recent developments in n-type chemical doping of graphene films, with a primary focus on substitutional doping and surface charge transfer mechanisms.

A Starch Gum with a Multi-Cascade Enzymatic Reaction Targeting Dental Caries Biofilm Eradication and Enamel Regeneration.

The progression of dental caries is exacerbated by the presence of bacterial biofilms on carious enamel surfaces, which inhibit remineralization and exacerbate caries. Existing caries treatment protocols are often complex and costly. To simultaneously eradicate caries-associated biofilms and repair demineralized enamel, this study develope a starch-based gum containing calcium carbonate nanoparticles loaded with L-arginine (CaCO@L-Arg) and glucose oxidase (GOx).

A novel personalized time-varying biomechanical model for estimating lung tumor motion and deformation.

Background: Accurate prediction of lung tumor motion and deformation (LTMD) is essential for precise radiotherapy. However, existing models often rely on static, population-based material parameters, overlooking patient-specific and time-varying lung biomechanics. Personalized dynamic models that capture temporal changes in lung elasticity are needed to improve LTMD prediction and guide treatment planning more effectively.

Accurately Predicting Cell Type Abundance from Spatial Histology Image Through HPCell.

Recent advancements in spatial transcriptomics (ST) have revolutionized our ability to simultaneously profile gene expression, spatial location, and tissue morphology, enabling the precise mapping of cell types and signaling pathways within their native tissue context. However, the high cost of sequencing remains a significant barrier to its widespread adoption. Although existing methods often leverage histopathological images to predict transcriptomic profiles and identify cellular heterogeneity, few approaches directly estimate cell-type abundance from these images.

Engineering Ni-NO Coordination in Single-Atom Catalysts for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution.

The rational design of single-atom catalysts (SACs) with tailored coordination environments is essential for improving their electrocatalytic efficacy. This study employs a coordination engineering approach to immobilize atomically dispersed nickel atoms on nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers (NCNFs), forming a novel Ni-NO/NCNFs catalyst. Unlike the traditional Ni-N coordination configuration, each nickel atom in this Ni-NO framework is stabilized within a rare and well-defined NO coordination environment.

Strategic Insights From Voluntary and Mandatory ESG Evaluations in a Competitive Market.

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations are garnering increasing interest from various stakeholders. Nevertheless, the impact of ESG evaluation policies-whether voluntary or mandatory-are complex, particularly in competitive markets. Consequently, this study develops a game-theoretic model to investigate the propensity of competing manufacturers to invest in ESG initiatives.