Integrative analysis of scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq to identify lactylation-related gene signatures in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation.

Background: Protein lactylation has been implicated in stress-responsive cellular mechanisms, yet its role in lung transplantation-associated ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) remains undefined.

Methods: Transcriptomic profiles from GSE145989 were analyzed through differential expression analysis (limma) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Integrating the identified genes with lactylation-related signatures uncovered key lactylation-related genes (LRGs) as potential targets.

Optimized protocols for the simultaneous isolation of primary brain microvascular endothelial cells and primary neurons with high purity and functional maturation from individual newborn mice.

Background: Current neurovascular unit isolation requires processing brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and neurons from separate animals, preventing concurrent analysis of neurovascular crosstalk within identical genetic/physiological contexts.

New Methods: We developed an enzymatic digestion/bovine serum albumin density gradient technique that enables the simultaneous isolation of neural tissue and microvascular segments from individual mice. The neural tissue was filtered and centrifuged for primary cortical neuron culture on poly-L-lysine-coated plates.

Novel COL4A3-COL4A5 variants and digenic inheritance in pediatric Alport syndrome from Southwestern China.

Alport syndrome is a hereditary glomerular disease driven by pathogenic variants in COL4A3-COL4A5 that compromise the α3-α4-α5 type IV collagen scaffold, manifesting as persistent hematuria, proteinuria, and ultimately end-stage renal disease. Its pronounced phenotypic variability, low sensitivity of renal biopsy, and limited response to ACE inhibitors complicate accurate diagnosis and therapy. In a cohort of 40 pedigrees from southwest China, we discovered 21 novel COL4A3-COL4A5 mutations.

Barefoot Footprint Detection Algorithm Based on YOLOv8-StarNet.

This study proposes an optimized footprint recognition model based on an enhanced StarNet architecture for biometric identification in the security, medical, and criminal investigation fields. Conventional image recognition algorithms exhibit limitations in processing barefoot footprint images characterized by concentrated feature distributions and rich texture patterns. To address this, our framework integrates an improved StarNet into the backbone of YOLOv8 architecture.

Dietary inulin supplementation in early gestation regulates uterine fluid exosomes and angiogenesis to improve embryo implantation in sows.

Background: Embryo implantation in early gestation is crucial for reproductive success, while dietary fiber plays a key role in regulating sow fertility. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study explores the influence of dietary inulin on embryonic implantation using a sow model.

Primary graft dysfunction after Lung transplantation: unveiling the role of innate immunity.

Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) represents a clinical acute lung injury syndrome occurring within 72 hours after lung transplantation, remaining the main cause of early mortality after lung transplantation. However, very few effective and specific therapies are available, except for supportive treatment. Broad cellular and molecular mechanisms contribute to PGD, yet the precise mechanism remains poorly understood.

Effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation during gestation on sow performance, offspring development, and intestinal microbiota in sows and piglets.

The 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD3) is a metabolite of vitamin D (VD) and status biomarker of VD in blood. We investigate the effect of dietary 25OHD3 supplementation on gestation sow litter performance, milk composition, nutrient metabolism, the growth performance of offspring, and intestinal microbiota. A total of 60 sows were randomly allocated to receive VD3 diet (CON, 50 µg·kg-1, n = 30) or 25OHD3 diet (50 µg·kg-1, n = 30).

Liver ERα mediates sex differences in metabolic pattern changes in response to time-restricted feeding.

Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a dietary strategy used to prevent and treat obesity in both sexes. However, TRF affects liver metabolism differently in males and females, and the mechanisms behind these differences remain unclear. Our study reveals that during TRF, female livers are more likely to break down amino acids (AAs) to synthesize fats, while male livers significantly reduce fatty acid synthesis.

NAD Repletion Enhances Mammary Lactogenesis and Improves Offspring Development in a Sow Model.

Background: Breastfeeding provides bidirectional biosocial benefits for maternal-neonatal dyads, yet lactation insufficiency remains a major clinical challenge due to incomplete understanding of lactogenesis mechanisms. Emerging evidence has identified nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a critical modulator of reproductive physiology.

Objectives: We characterized mammary gland (MG) NAD+ metabolism and evaluated maternal nicotinamide riboside (NR), an NAD+ precursor, supplementation in orchestrating mammary lactogenesis.

Maternal obesity impairs fetal brown adipogenesis by attenuating fetal FGF21 signaling.

In mammals, maternal obesity typically impairs brown adipose tissue (BAT) formation in fetuses, increasing their risk of metabolic disorders in adulthood. However, the mechanisms behind this phenomenon are not well understood. Our single-nucleus transcriptomic analysis revealed dynamic changes in cell heterogeneity within the fetal interscapular BAT (iBAT) from obese dams, leading to compromised thermogenesis in their offspring.

Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementation Alleviates Heat Stress-Induced Testicular Damage and Improves Semen Quality in Boars.

Rising global temperatures and increasing extreme weather events have profound and widespread health impacts, particularly on vulnerable populations and sensitive organs. This study aimed to investigate the impact of HS on testicular NAD metabolism and assess the potential of NAD precursor supplementation in alleviating heat stress (HS)-induced reductions in semen quality. This study aimed to investigate the impact of HS on testicular NAD metabolism and assess the potential of NAD precursor supplementation in alleviating HS-induced reductions in semen quality.

Effects of maternal and post-weaning supplementation with microbe-derived antioxidants on sow and piglet performance, oxidative status, and gut microbiota.

The antioxidants were found to improve inflammatory responses and redox status. This study investigated the effects of maternal and post-weaning supplementation with microbe-derived antioxidants (MA) on sow performance, redox status, and fecal microorganisms, as well as the growth performance, inflammatory responses and intestinal microbiota of weaned piglets. Sixty multiparous sows were randomly allocated to the control group (CON, basal diet) and the MA group (basal diet supplemented with 2.

Clinical Model Based on DR3 Promoter Methylation for Predicting Short-Term Mortality in Patients with Acute-on-Chronic Hepatitis B Liver Failure.

Purpose: Death receptor 3(DR3) is a key factor in the regulation of immune response and inflammatory diseases. The study aimed to quantitatively assess the levels of DR3 promoter methylation, investigate the correlation between DR3 promoter methylation and its expression, and develop a prognosis prediction model incorporating clinical indicators for acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACHBLF).

Methods: DR3 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), as well as methylation levels, were detected using Methylight and quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) in a total of 362 patients and volunteers.

Use of cornstarch or fermented soybean meal in lactation diet improved sows' nutrient utilization and litter performance during lactation.

Objective: This study investigated the effects of cornstarch (CS) and fermented soybean meal (FSM) substitutions for conventional corn and soybean meal, respectively, on sow's performance, nutrient digestibility, milk composition, and oxidative status during lactation.

Methods: Twenty-four lactating sows (8 sows/treatment) were assigned to either a standard lactation diet (CON), a CS diet in which pure CS substituted 60% of starch provided by conventional corn, or FSM diet in which FSM substituted 60% of crude protein provided by soybean meal. The experiment lasted from day 2 to 28 of lactation.

Dynamic changes in peripheral blood CD4+ T cell subsets are associated with litter performance in primiparous gestating sows.

This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells and their association with litter performance in primiparous gestating sows. Blood samples were collected from 72 Large White × Landrace crossbred primiparous sows on the day of mating (G0), and on days 30 (G30), G60, G90, and G110 of gestation, and were analyzed for levels of CD4+ T cell subsets include T helper 1 cells (Th1), T helper 17 cells (Th17), regulatory T cells (Tregs), and related cytokines, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-4, IL-5, IL-17A, IL-22, and IL-10, Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and reproductive hormones pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (P4) and Estra-1,3,5 (10)-triene-3,17β-diol (E2). Results showed that Th1 and Th17 levels increased during early gestation (G0 ~ G30) and late gestation (G90 ~ G110) but decreased in middle gestation (G60), with their typical cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-17A) following a broadly similar pattern.

An Autonomously Liquefied Hydrogel Adhesive for Programmable Bioelectronic Interface.

Hydrogel adhesives have many important applications in the fields of drug delivery, regenerative medicine, and bioelectronics. The detachment of hydrogel adhesives under the benign conditions is vital to the definitive surgical repair and implanted devices. Although stimuli-mediated detachment of hydrogel adhesives has been achieved, it is still a grand challenge to develop a transient adhesive with programmable adhesion and autonomous detachment from the substrate, especially the hairy skins.

Mechanically Strong Nanocolloidal Supramolecular Plastics Assembled from Carbonized Polymer Dots with Photoactivated Room-Temperature Phosphorescence.

The innovative development of supramolecular plastics (SPs) is recognized as one of the global efforts to address the environmental pollution caused by petroleum-based plastics. Traditional SPs usually show weak mechanical strength because of relatively weak noncovalent bonds and a lack of appropriate functions for practical applications. To overcome these limitations, we herein report nanocolloidal supramolecular plastics (NSPs) assembled from newly emerging nanoparticles, namely, carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) modified with ureido pyrimidinone groups.

Impact of Iron Supplementation on Growth Performance, Iron Homeostasis and Redox Balance of Suckling Piglets.

This study evaluates the effects of intramuscular injection or oral supplementation of iron on the growth performance, iron homeostasis, and redox status of suckling piglets. A total of 94 newborn piglets, selected from 8 healthy sows, were randomly allocated into 4 treatment groups during the lactation period, receiving injections of normal saline without iron (CON, n = 23), intramuscular dextran injection of bound iron at 2 mL (200 mg Fe) on postnatal day 3 (PND 3) (FeDex, n = 24), oral supplementation from PND 2 to 13 with 10 g of FerkoFer containing 2.2 g Fe per day (FeOra, n = 23), or both FeDex and FeOra (FeDPO, n = 24).

Effects of unconventional diets and unconventional low-protein diets on reproductive performance, placental nutrient transport, and fecal microorganisms of multiparous sows during gestation.

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of unconventional ingredients (wheat, broken rice, rapeseed meal, rice bran meal, and fermented distiller grains) in sow diets on sow reproductive performance, placental nutrient transport function, and fecal microbiota. Thirty multiparous sows with similar parity and backfat thickness were randomly assigned to 3 groups: corn-soybean meal diet (CG), unconventional diet (DY), and unconventional low-protein diet (DYL). The DYL group had 2% lower crude protein than CG and DY.

Prognostic factors for mortality in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Objective: The aim is to explore significant prognostic factors for 90-day mortality in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and assist clinicians in the early identification of critically ill ACLF patients.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 288 ACLF patients, who were classified into survivors ( n  = 187) and nonsurvivors ( n  = 101) based on 90-day outcomes. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analyses were employed to identify significant prognostic factors and construct a novel prognostic model, the AHUCTPI.

Intestinal overexpression of alters the composition, diversity and function of gut microbiota in mice.

The intestinal microbiota is important for the health of the host and recent studies have shown that some genes of the host regulated the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Group 10 phospholipase A2 (PLA2G10) is a member of the lipolytic enzyme family PLA2, which hydrolyze the ester bond at the sn-2 position of phospholipids to produce free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. PLA2G10 is secreted into the intestinal lumen, but its impact on the gut microbiota remains unclear.

A Clinical Predictive Model Based on SOCS3 Promoter Methylation to Predict the Prognosis of Acute-on-Chronic Hepatitis B Liver Failure.

Purpose: The study aimed to quantitatively detect the suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 3 promoter methylation levels, investigate the relationship between SOCS3 methylation and gene expression, and construct a prognosis prediction model combined with clinical indicators for Acute-on-chronic Hepatitis B Liver Failure (ACHBLF).

Methods: A total of 135 ACHBLF patients were enrolled and randomly divided into the training cohort and validation cohort. The SOCS3 mRNA and promoter methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of ACHBLF patients were quantitative measured.

Dietary supplementation with alleviates diarrhea and improves growth performance and immune function in weaned piglets fed a high-protein diet.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with on growth performance, diarrhea scores, nutrient digestibility, immune function, and gut microbiota in weaned piglets fed a high-protein diet. A total of 96 weaned piglets were randomly divided into three groups in a randomized complete block design and received a low-protein diet (LP, 18.27% crude protein), a high-protein diet (HP, 20.

Farnesol Improves Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Hepatic Metabolic Dysfunction Induced by Tunicamycin in Mice.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress significantly affects liver metabolism, often leading to disorders such as hepatic steatosis. Tunicamycin (TM), a known ER stress inducer, is frequently used to model metabolic stress, but its specific effects on liver energy homeostasis remain unclear. This study investigates how farnesol (FOH), a natural compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, counteracts TM-induced ER stress and its associated metabolic disruptions in the liver.

Xylo-oligosaccharides enhance intestinal and thymic immunity by modulating pyroptosis, gut microbiota, and Th17/Treg immune response in lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets.

Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) have been shown to improve the immune system of weaned piglets, but the molecular mechanism of their action remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of XOS on intestinal and thymic immune function in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and elucidate the underlying mechanism. In a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of diet treatment (basal diet vs 0.