Discontinuation of Glacial Meltwater Input Reshapes the Diversity and Stability of Eukaryotic Planktonic Microbial Communities in Glacial Lakes.

Glacial lakes play a vital role as indicators of global climate change and regional environmental responses. Eukaryotic planktonic microorganisms, pivotal in driving biogeochemical cycling of nutrients within these ecosystems, are crucial for preserving stability and ecological function of glacial lake environments. Nevertheless, the spatial and temporal dynamics, along with the mechanisms responsible for sustaining eukaryotic planktonic microbial communities in glacial lakes, especially during the glacier retreat and lake formation, are still largely uncharted.

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Microbial Synergistic Metabolic Mechanisms and Health Benefits in Kombucha Fermentation: A Review.

Kombucha, a traditional fermented beverage, has become an important topic in global health beverage research due to its potential health benefits. The aim of this review is to integrate the existing literature and analyze the interactions among microbial communities during the fermentation process of kombucha, especially how , , and generate bioactive components with health benefits through the cascade reaction in sugar metabolism-ethanol oxidation-organic acid accumulation. We also focus on the effects of fermentation conditions (e.

Refugial isolation and ecological niche differentiation promote genetic divergence of Oresitrophe and Mukdenia in Northeast Asia.

Premise: The demographic histories of temperate plants in Northeast Asia in response to Quaternary climate oscillations have long been the focus of evolutionary biologists, but have rarely been studied in herbaceous plants. Here, we investigated the phylogeographic patterns of Mukdenia and Oresitrophe.

Methods: We sequenced two plastid regions for O.

Moderating role of gender in brain structural changes of long-term high-altitude hypoxia-exposed individuals.

Gender differences play a significant role in human adaptation to both natural and social environments. In high-altitude regions, the reduced oxygen pressure leads to hypoxia, which is reflected in structural changes in the brain. However, the mechanisms by which gender regulates the effects of hypoxia on brain structure remain unclear.

Elevational gradient of species and phylogenetic diversity of plant communities in the Nyangchu River Valley, China.

By investigating seed plants at an altitude range of 3800-5100 m in the Nyangchu River Valley, we examined plant community structure and the distribution patterns of species diversity and phylogenetic diversity along the altitudinal gradient, as well as the environmental factors driving these patterns. The results showed that there were three main community types, including the ++ community, the ++ community, and the + community. Species richness varied from 5 to 28, averaging 15.

Visual Word Segmentation Cues in Tibetan Reading: Comparing Dictionary-Based and Psychological Word Segmentation.

This study utilized eye-tracking technology to explore the role of visual word segmentation cues in Tibetan reading, with a particular focus on the effects of dictionary-based and psychological word segmentation on reading and lexical recognition. The experiment employed a 2 × 3 design, comparing six conditions: normal sentences, dictionary word segmentation (spaces), psychological word segmentation (spaces), normal sentences (green), dictionary word segmentation (color alternation), and psychological word segmentation (color alternation). The results revealed that word segmentation with spaces (whether dictionary-based or psychological) significantly improved reading efficiency and lexical recognition, whereas color alternation showed no substantial facilitative effect.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of Hippophae salicifolia.

Hippophae salicifolia, a dioecious small tree species endemic to the Himalayan region, holds great potential in both ecological conservation and industrial applications. In this study, we employed PacBio HiFi long reads, Illumina short reads, and Hi-C technology to construct a high-quality, chromosome-level reference genome. The assembled genome is approximately 1.

Multiscale Evaluation of Mechanical, Microstructural, and Chemical Properties of Weathered Aggregates on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau presents a unique challenge for infrastructure development due to its extreme geological and climatic conditions-high elevation, large diurnal temperature fluctuations, frequent freeze-thaw cycles, intense ultraviolet radiation, and seasonal precipitation. These factors greatly accelerate the weathering of rock materials, leading to aggregates with increased porosity, microcracking, and weakened mechanical properties. While the engineering implications of such degradation are evident, the underlying material science of weathered aggregates-particularly their microstructure-property relationships-remains insufficiently explored, necessitating further investigation to inform material selection and design.

Interface Charge Transfer Engineering in NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide-CsWO Heterostructures for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Electrochemical water splitting for hydrogen production is considered a key pathway for achieving sustainable energy conversion. However, the sluggish reaction kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and high overpotentials severely hinder the large-scale application of water electrolysis technology. Nickel-iron layered double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH) has gained attention as a promising non-precious metal OER catalyst due to its abundant active sites and good intrinsic activity.

Influencing factors on bone mass abnormalities in Tibetan adult females from a socioeconomic perspective.

Background: Socioeconomic status significantly impacts bone health. Higher rates of abnormal bone mass in Tibetan women with lower socioeconomic status may be due to limited health services and unhealthy lifestyles. This study explores the current status and influencing factors of bone mass abnormalities in Tibetan women from a socioeconomic perspective, aiming to inform prevention and treatment strategies.

Multi-omics profiling reveals single-seed mutants of Ephedra saxatilis as dominant variants in high-altitude Xizang.

Ephedra species, important Tibetan medicinal plants, are widely distributed across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at altitudes of 2700-5000 m. Their adaptation to high-altitude environments, such as low temperatures, strong UV radiation and low oxygen, is still poorly understood. This study investigated the morphological, metabolic, and genetic mechanisms underlying the reproductive advantage of a unique single-seed variant observed in high-germination-rate Ephedra species.

Self-building sodium modified g-CN/CN for fast kinetics in sodium‑sulfur batteries by first-principles calculations.

The development of triple-functional catalysts to inhibit the shuttle effect of polysulfide (NaPSs) and speed up the kinetics of charge-discharge events is crucial to advance the practical use of sodium‑sulfur batteries (NaSBs). However, the application of g-CN and CN as sulfur hosts in NaSBs is hindered by their inherently low electrical conductivity and high energy barriers for Na migration. In this work, the density functional theory (DFT) and ab-initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations reveal that the Na atoms have a tendency to favor a "self-building" process, which result in the formation of Na@g-CN and Na@CN after the initial discharge.

Ecological Selection as Drivers During Early Speciation: Insights From Two Allopatric Cypress Species in the Himalaya.

Understanding the factors driving speciation is fundamental to evolutionary biology. While geographic isolation has long been considered a primary factor, the role of ecological selection during early speciation stages is poorly understood. The Himalaya, a biodiversity hotspot, offers a unique opportunity to study these processes.

AI microscope facilitates accurate interpretation of HER2 immunohistochemical scores 0 and 1+ in invasive breast cancer.

Accurate interpretation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunohistochemistry (IHC) scores 0 and 1+ is crucial for treating HER2-low breast cancer patients with antibody-drug conjugates. To improve diagnostic precision, we developed models using 698 retrospectively collected HER2 IHC slides of breast cancer and tested them on an additional 501 slides reviewed by one junior and three senior pathologists. The artificial intelligence (AI)-based models included an invasive breast cancer (IBC) region segmentation model (Model I) and a nuclei detection model (Model II).

Development of a sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of 15 Bisphenol A analogues in human serum and urine: Application of paired samples and global exposure assessment.

The global replacement of Bisphenol A (BPA) with structurally similar yet understudied analogues demands precise biomonitoring tools to assess human exposure and health risks. To bridge critical gaps, we developed a novel ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous quantification of 15 emerging BPA analogues including Bisphenol AF (BPAF), Bisphenol AP (BPAP), Bisphenol B (BPB), Bisphenol C (BPC), Bisphenol E (BPE), Bisphenol F (BPF), Bisphenol G (BPG), Bisphenol FL (BPFL), Bisphenol M (BPM), Bisphenol P (BPP), Bisphenol pH (BPPH), Bisphenol S (BPS), Bisphenol TMC (BPTMC), Bisphenol Z (BPZ), and Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BFDGE)-in human serum and urine matrices. The method achieved ultrahigh sensitivity with limits of detection (LODs) of 0.

Langqing Meiduo Jiujie pills treatment attenuates acute liver injury in animals by regulating anti-oxidative stress and liver metabolism.

Introduction: Langqing Meiduo Jiujie pills (LQMDJJP), a Tibetan formula, has a history of more than 400 years of clinical use. However, there has been no report on the scientific basis of its dosage or its mechanism of action in treating acute liver injury. To investigate the optimal clinical dosage of LQMDJJP, to examine the differences in differential metabolites in liver tissue following treatment with LQMDJJP, and to explore the mechanism through which LQMDJJP acts in the treatment of acute liver injury.

Comprehensive Analysis of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Reveals a Dual-Circular Structure and Extensive Inter-Organellar Gene Transfer.

, a critically endangered species endemic to Tibet, China, possesses significant ornamental, culinary, and medicinal value. However, its mitochondrial genome remains understudied, limiting insights into its evolutionary mechanisms and constraining conservation genetics applications and molecular breeding programs. We present the first complete assembly and comprehensive analysis of the mitochondrial genome.

Carbon Aerogels: Synthesis, Modification, and Multifunctional Applications.

Amidst global imperatives for sustainable energy and environmental remediation, carbon aerogels (CAs) present a transformative alternative to conventional carbon materials (e.g., activated carbon, carbon fibers), overcoming limitations of disordered pore structures, unmodifiable surface chemistry, and functional inflexibility.

Description of a new subgenus for and its new sister species from Xizang Autonomous Region, China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Amphipyrinae, Psaphidini).

A new subgenus, , in the genus Hreblay & L. Ronkay, 1998, is established and described for Himalaea (Macrohimalaea) batanga Saldaitis, Benedek & Volynkin, 2022 and for a new species, Himalaea (Macrohimalaea) silvana This new species is the type of the new subgenus. The new subgenus is distinct from the nominotypical one in having antennal pectination and its forewing shape and male genitalia.

On the taxonomy of the subgenera , , and of the genus Guenée with the description of six new species from southern Xizang, China (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Noctuidae).

Species of the subgenus Tatsipolia Benedek, Behounek, Floriani & Saldaitis, 2011 of the genus Guenée, 1852 are reviewed and the genus-group names Benedek, Behounek, Floriani & Saldaitis, 2011 and Benedek, Behounek, Floriani & Saldaitis, 2011 previously considered as distinct subgenera of are synonymised with . Six new species are described from southern Xizang, China: Dasypolia (Tatsipolia) polymorpha, Dasypolia (Tatsipolia) intermedia, Dasypolia (Tatsipolia) amoena, Dasypolia (Tatsipolia) diffusa, Dasypolia (Tatsipolia) luxuriosa, and Dasypolia (Tatsipolia) ultramontana Adults and male and female genitalia of all species in Dasypolia (Tatsipolia) are illustrated.

Plant Elemental Homeostasis Enhances Species Performance and Community Functioning in Wetlands: Looking Beyond Nitrogen and Phosphorus.

Understanding how species optimise and stabilise their elementome, namely stoichiometric homeostasis (H), is crucial for species adaptation in changing environments. Species can be stoichiometrically homeostatic to different degrees, and elemental homeostasis is related to species' nutrient economic strategies. Recent studies on N and P homeostasis have provided a framework linking plant fitness to ecosystem functioning.

High-altitude adaptation strategies: active integration of higher-order cognitive processes by indigenous residents to overcome altitude-induced constraints in visual cognition.

This study explores the influence of indigenous residents at high altitudes on visuospatial cognitive functions, particularly focusing on mental rotation abilities among different populations. The study adopts a comprehensive methodological framework that combines behavioral assessments with advanced neuroimaging techniques. Data collection involves administering mental rotation task to the participants, followed by analyzing their behavioral responses.

Optimization of Tropane Alkaloids Extraction from Utilizing Response Surface Methodology and Quality Assessment through UPLC Fingerprinting.

, a medicinal plant, is abundant in tropane alkaloids (e.g., hyoscyamine and scopolamine) within its roots.

CNN-BiLSTM and DC-IGN fusion model and piecewise exponential attenuation optimization: an innovative approach to improve EEG emotion recognition performance.

EEG emotion recognition has important applications in human-computer interaction and mental health assessment, but existing models have limitations in capturing the complex spatial and temporal features of EEG signals. To overcome this problem, we propose an innovative model that combines CNN-BiLSTM and DC-IGN and fused both outputs for sentiment classification via a fully connected layer. In addition, we use a piecewise exponential decay strategy to optimize the training process.