Zeaxanthin augments CD8 effector T cell function and immunotherapy efficacy.

The detailed mechanisms underlying the regulatory significance of dietary components in modulating anti-tumor immunity remain largely unknown. Here, we apply a co-culture-based screening approach using a blood nutrient compound library and identify zeaxanthin (ZEA), a dietary carotenoid pigment found in many fruits and vegetables and known for its role in eye health, as an immunomodulator that enhances the cytotoxicity of CD8 T cells against tumor cells. Oral supplementation with ZEA, but not its structural isomer lutein (LUT), enhances anti-tumor immunity in vivo.

Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Mitigate Liver Fibrosis by Delivering USP10 to Reprogram Macrophage Phenotype.

The utilization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) serves as an encouraging strategy for treating liver fibrosis. However, precise mechanisms are not completely understood. Recently, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as major paracrine effectors mediating the anti-fibrotic effects of MSCs.

The circERBB3/chi-miR-181b-5p/TNFSF11 axis regulates proliferation, migration, and apoptosis in cashmere goat embryonic fibroblasts.

Background: Inner Mongolia cashmere goat is an excellent local variety of both cashmere and meat. Its cashmere is delicate and soft and has high economic value. The morphogenesis and development of hair follicles directly affect the wool yield and quality of cashmere goats.

Isoquercitrin inhibits ferroptosis and ameliorates insulin resistance: Evidence from network pharmacology and in vitro studies.

This study aimed to explore the potential targets and mechanisms by which Isoquercitrin inhibits ferroptosis to ameliorate insulin resistance (IR), using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro assays. Targets related to Isoquercitrin, ferroptosis, and IR were retrieved from public databases and used to construct a Venn diagram. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed and visualized using Cytoscape.

Impact of Climate Change on Interregional Transmission during China's Power System Decarbonization.

Interregional transmission plays a crucial role in alleviating regional mismatches between power supply and demand, but climate change exacerbates these dynamics, potentially resulting in increased economic losses. In this study, we coupled an ensemble of global climate models with a province-hour-level power system optimization model to explore feasible deep decarbonization pathways for China's power system. The results indicate that climate change impacts the power balance by increasing cooling demand, decreasing heating demand, and shifting wind and solar power generation.

Global ischemic heart disease burden attributable to environmental risk factors, 1990-2021: an Age-Period-Cohort analysis.

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of global deaths. Environmental exposures contribute substantially to IHD burden, yet their combined effects across socio-demographic strata remain poorly characterized.

Objective: This study aimed to systematically evaluate the global burden of IHD attributable to environmental factors, analyzing its temporal trends, geographical patterns, and Age-Period-Cohort (APC) effects across different socio-demographic index regions from 1990 to 2021.

Unraveling the Potential-Regulated Selectivity of the Cu-Based Catalyst in 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Electro-Oxidation.

2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), prepared via the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural electro-oxidation reaction (HMFOR), is a promising bio-based plastic monomer for biodegradable polymer production. However, the sluggish hydroxyl oxidation kinetics inhibit the HMFOR efficiency. In this study, CuOH is grown on Cu foam as a model electrocatalyst to investigate the active phases of the Cu-based catalyst in the HMFOR, elucidate their oxidation mechanisms and adsorption behaviors at varying potentials, and ultimately to reveal the potential-regulated selectivity of the Cu-based catalyst.

Exciton polariton condensation in a perovskite moiré flat band at room temperature.

Moiré superlattices exhibit fascinating moiré flat bands when two layers of van der Waals materials are twisted at specific magic angles, providing unparalleled opportunities to explore unconventional correlated quantum phenomena. Exciton polaritons, hybrid quasiparticles of excitons and photons, have emerged as promising synthetic platforms for exploring moiré physics beyond conventional systems. However, the realization of moiré exciton-polariton flat bands and their condensation remains challenging.

Two-Stage Bipolaron Formation in Molecularly Doped Conjugated Polymers.

The formation and dynamics of bipolarons are crucial in determining the electrical properties of molecularly doped conjugated polymers. Traditionally, bipolarons are known to form at very high doping levels through the combination of two adjacent polarons, a process that is generally accompanied by structural disorder and impaired carrier transport. Here, it is demonstrated that bipolaron formation can occur at both the early stage with low doping levels and the late stage with high doping levels in 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (FTCNQ) dip-doped conjugated polymer films with glycol sidechains.

Therapeutic strategies for low anterior resection syndrome: an umbrella review of systematic reviews.

Purpose: The purpose of this umbrella review was to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic strategies for managing low anterior resection syndrome following sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer and to provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed across five electronic databases. Two independent reviewers screened titles/abstracts, assessed full-text studies, and extracted data, with discrepancies resolved by consensus.

Ambient catalyst-free conversion of methane to methanol by water radical cations.

Methane combustion contributes 30% to global warming, making its conversion to cleaner chemicals a critical challenge. Here, we report a catalyst-free ambient conversion of methane to methanol with a remarkable yield exceeding 650 millimoles per hour and a high conversion rate of ~35%, achieved using in situ-generated water dimer radical cations, [Formula: see text] , in a specially designed batch reactor operating under mild conditions. In a single run, the reactor was typically operated for 10 minutes.

Effects of Prenatal Arsenic, Cadmium, and Manganese Exposure on Neurodevelopment in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prenatal heavy metal (arsenic, cadmium, manganese) exposure on infant neurodevelopment through a systematic review and meta-analysis, elucidating the toxicological mechanisms and dose-response relationships for consideration in environmental risk assessment. : Following the PRISMA guidelines, systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and other databases, ultimately resulting in 17 observational studies involving 6907 participants. : Arsenic (As): A 50% increase in arsenic exposure was associated with a reduction of 0.

Soybean Lecithin as a Passivator and Compatibilizer in Perovskite Solar Cells.

The low affinity caused by the mismatched surface energies between the perovskite precursor solution and the underlayer is the main reason for the poor coverage of perovskite films, which is also accountable for the pinholes in the perovskite films. To solve this problem, amphiphilic soybean lecithin (denoted as SL), which has two long aliphatic chains, is incorporated into the PbI precursor solution. The amphiphilic nature of SL improves the coverage of perovskite films on hydrophobic PTAA, which is conducive to the fabrication of large-scale devices.

Sperm Membrane Stability: In-Depth Analysis from Structural Basis to Functional Regulation.

Sperm membrane stability is a key factor in determining sperm viability and fertilization capability, with broad implications ranging from basic reproductive biology to livestock breeding practices. This comprehensive review examines the structural and functional mechanisms underlying sperm membrane integrity, including defensive barrier functions, potentiometric ion channel regulation, and motility modulation that collectively optimize sperm survival, motility, and fertilization potential. Environmental factors such as temperature fluctuations, abnormal pH levels (outside the optimal 7.

Functional Food Ge-Zhi Soup Ameliorates Acute Liver Injury Through the AKT/GSK3β/PPARα Pathway.

Ge-Zhi soup (GZS), mainly consisting of (Willd.) Ohwi and Lindl. seeds, is a traditional functional food widely consumed globally and has been proven to have considerable potential in preventing acute liver injury (ALI).

Burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and risk factors in China from 1990 to 2021: Analysis of global burden of disease 2021.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic disease that imposes tremendous burdens on the general populations in China and other countries worldwide. A comprehensive understanding of the contemporary epidemiological landscape of COPD is crucial for formulating effective prevention and control strategies. This study was designed to systematically evaluate the temporal trends in COPD burden and its associated risk factors in China over recent decades, providing evidence-based insights for targeted interventions.

[Factors influencing Nitrogen Removal in Different Plant Zones Along the Littoral Zone of a Typical Urban Lake in Nanjing].

Nitrous oxide （NO） is one of the important greenhouse gases contributing to the global warming trend. As important nitrogen removal pathways， microbially mediated denitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation （ANAMMOX） in the rhizospheres of wetland plants can reduce nitrogen load in freshwater wetlands， and the denitrification process is the major NO source. Littoral zone of urban lakes is an ecotone between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and an important area for nitrogen input and transformation.

Whole-genome selection signatures identified candidate genes associated with cashmere traits in Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goats.

Objective: Inner Mongolia cashmere goats are superior indigenous breeds developed through long-term natural selection and systematic artificial selection, which have experienced a certain intensity of selection pressure during the breeding process, leading to bipolar differentiation trends in cashmere traits. Therefore, identifying genomic selection signatures associated with cashmere traits in Inner Mongolia cashmere goats is crucial for breeding high-quality cashmere-producing goats.

Methods: To unravel the genetic basis of cashmere traits, this study stratified 375 Inner Mongolia cashmere goats into eight subgroups based on breeding values for cashmere traits: high-yield vs low-yield cashmere types (HYCG vs LYCG), fine vs coarse cashmere types (FCG vs CCG), long vs short cashmere types (LCG vs SCG), and long vs short fleece types (LFCG vs SFCG).

Comparative analysis of skin transcriptome reveals differences of cashmere fineness in different body parts of Inner Mongolia cashmere goats.

Objective: The growth and development of secondary hair follicle largely dictates the economic value of cashmere traits, significantly influencing the quality of cashmere fineness. Previous studies have primarily concentrated on the periodic growth regulation of hair follicles in Inner Mongolia cashmere goats (IMCGs) and identified numerous candidate genes that influence cashmere traits. However, research remains limited regarding the factors and regulatory mechanisms that affect cashmere fineness in different body parts.

Parietal-specific activation reveals pain from inadequate levels of altitude acclimatization/ adaptation.

Objective: Pain is acknowledged as a prominent physiological symptom of high-altitude (HA) acclimatization, yet there exists a dearth of empirical support regarding the impact of variations in HA acclimatization/ adaptation on pain perception in hypoxic environments.

Methods: A total of 65 HA residents were recruited, all of whom had resided continuously in HA regions for a minimum duration of one month. The study involved an assessment of peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and haematocrit (HCT) levels, administration of the Pain Frequency, Intensity and Burden Scale (P-FIBS), and the resting-state electroencephalogram (rs-EEG) signals of all frequency bands including delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma were acquired from the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe.

Role of LncRNA MRPS28 in Secondary Hair Follicle Development of Cashmere Goats.

The development of secondary hair follicles in cashmere goats directly influences the yield and quality of cashmere, and hair follicle morphogenesis is a complex biological process involving multiple signaling pathways and regulatory factors. In recent years, the regulatory role of long non-coding RNAs in hair follicle development has gradually been uncovered. Based on a previously established transcriptome database of embryonic skin tissue from cashmere goats, this study ultimately identified lncRNA MRPS28, which exhibits significant differential expression during the morphogenesis of secondary hair follicles.

High-altitude adaptation strategies: active integration of higher-order cognitive processes by indigenous residents to overcome altitude-induced constraints in visual cognition.

This study explores the influence of indigenous residents at high altitudes on visuospatial cognitive functions, particularly focusing on mental rotation abilities among different populations. The study adopts a comprehensive methodological framework that combines behavioral assessments with advanced neuroimaging techniques. Data collection involves administering mental rotation task to the participants, followed by analyzing their behavioral responses.

Real-world effectiveness study of guideline-directed COPD STANDARDized management in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cluster randomised trial design.

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects the ageing population worldwide. Exacerbations worsen health status and increase health resource use. Existing guidelines recommend disease management, but they are not fully implemented in a clinical setting.