Physically-Based Inverse Rendering Framework for PET Image Reconstruction.

Differentiable rendering has been widely adopted in computer graphics as a powerful approach to inverse problems, enabling efficient gradient-based optimization by differentiating the image formation process with respect to millions of scene parameters. Inspired by this paradigm, we propose a physically-based inverse rendering (IR) framework, the first ever platform for PET image reconstruction using Dr.Jit, for PET image reconstruction.

Triptolide improves microbial dysbiosis and metabolite disorder in db/db mice.

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is an increasing global public health problem. Triptolide (TP) has a good therapeutic effect on DKD and is widely used in China. However, the mechanism of TP is still unclear.

Unraveling Li Desolvation on Solid Electrolyte Interphase by Ab Initio Metadynamics.

Desolvation is an important step before the solvated ions can intercalate into the electrode material. This interfacial process involves different desolvation stages, physical phases, and intertwined kinetics and thermodynamics. Thus, the impacts of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) components on Li desolvation remain poorly understood at a molecular scale though conventional simulations strive to accurately capture complex interfacial electronic interactions during desolvation.

Therapeutic Effects of Sulforaphane on -Infected Mice: Insights from High-Coverage Metabolomics and Lipidomics Analyses of Serum and Liver.

Sulforaphane, a natural isothiocyanate predominantly found in cruciferous vegetables, has shown potential in preventing and treating infection. However, the underlying metabolic mechanisms remain largely unclear. This study employed high-coverage metabolomics and lipidomics methods to comprehensively investigate the effects of sulforaphane on the serum and liver metabolic profiles of -infected mice.

Trends in the global burden of aortic valve calcification disease in the working-age population from 1992 to 2021.

Background: Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a degenerative condition marked by aortic valve thickening and calcification, leading to stenosis or regurgitation, with rising prevalence in developed countries.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological trends and disease burden of CAVD in the global working-age population (defined in this study as the age group of 15 to 64 years) from 1992 to 2021. It further examined differences by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) regions and gender, providing insights for public health strategies.

Co-modification of amylase by acrolein with formaldehyde or methylglyoxal: Impact on enzyme function, structure, and cellular stress in two cell lines.

Reactive carbonyl species (RCS), such as acrolein (Acr), formaldehyde (FA), and methylglyoxal (MGO) are highly reactive aldehydes co-existing in processed foods and food materials. RCS may modify the digestive enzymes individually while whether they act together on the enzymes remains unknown. In this study, the co-action of RCS on α-amylase was studied.

Do non-bone metabolism laboratory indicators differ between men and women with osteoporosis?: A retrospective study based on physical examination data.

With the global population aging, osteoporosis has emerged as a significant health concern worldwide. Osteoporotic fractures predominantly occur in the forearm, hip, and lumbar spine, and are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease, and prior research has identified several clinical risk factors, including advanced age, gender, weight, history of fractures, smoking, alcohol abuse, and corticosteroid use.

Comprehensive evaluation of risk factors for LNM and distant metastasis in patients with NSCLC.

Metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) significantly impacts patient recurrence and survival outcomes. Despite its importance, the factors influencing NSCLC metastasis are not fully understood. This study aimed to explore the association between demographic factors, gene mutation status, and EGFR exon mutation status with NSCLC metastasis, utilizing data from a large cohort of NSCLC patients.

Surface-Localized Crosslinked MEW PCL-Hydrogel Scaffolds with Tunable Porosity for Enhanced Cell Adhesion and Viability.

Hydrogel is widely used as a scaffolding material for tissue engineering due to its excellent cytocompatibility and potential for biofunctionalization. However, its poor mechanical property limits its further application. Fabrication of fiber-reinforced hydrogel composite scaffolds has emerged as a solution to overcome this problem.

Identification of a novel D-amino acid oxidase and its application in deracemization of D, L-phosphinothricin.

DAAO is applied as a potential catalyst in the biosynthesis of L-PPT. However, its low solubility expression constrains its broader industrial application. Herein, a novel DAAO derived from Cladophialophora carrionii (CcDAAO) was identified, which demonstrated superior catalytic performance toward D-Ala (specific activity: 106.

Optical segmentation-based compressed readout of neuronal voltage dynamics.

Functional imaging of biological dynamics generally begins with acquiring time-series images, followed by quantifying spatially averaged intensity traces for the regions of interest (ROIs). The conventional pipeline discards a substantial portion of the acquired data when quantifying intensity traces, indicative of inefficient data acquisition. Here we propose a conceptually novel acquisition pipeline that assigns each ROI to a single pixel in the detector, enabling optimally compressed acquisition of the intensity traces.

Cu-doped hollow tubular ZnInS using MIL-68-NH as templates for efficient photocatalytic synthesis of HO in ambient air and pure water.

Utilizing metal-organic frameworks as templates to synthesize photocatalysts has garnered increasing attention thanks to their substantial advantages. In this study, Cu-doped ZnInS with hollow tubular structures was ingeniously synthesized using MIL-68-NH as a template for photocatalytic HO production in ambient air and pure water under visible light. The hollow tubular structures promote light penetration and reflection, furnish substantial accessible reactive sites and accelerate the diffusion of reactants and products.

Ru-RuO Coordinated with Si-Supported GaN Nanowires for Light-Driven Simultaneous Activation of CO and H to Achieve Exceptional Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction.

The reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction presents an industrial promise for carbon dioxide valorization. In this work, a dual-site Ru-RuO cocatalyst anchored on Si-supported GaN nanowires (NWs) is developed for solar-powered CO-to-CO conversion. The assembled Si-supported GaN NWs/Ru-RuO delivers a considerable CO rate of 57.

Efficacy and safety of first-line treatments for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer based on phase II and III randomized controlled trials: A PROSTA-MAP systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: The landscape of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treatment has evolved greatly; however, limited data are available regarding its relative efficacy and safety. We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to analyze and compare the effectiveness and safety of first-line therapies for mCRPC, particularly doublet therapy and monotherapy.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from their inception until June 6, 2023.

Development and Validation of an Administrative Claims Measure of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Triage Quality for Mobile Integrated Health Interventions.

Objectives: In general, Medicare pays for emergency ground ambulance services when a patient is transported to the nearest emergency department (ED) or other select facilities. As state and local agencies strive to provide high quality person-centered emergency care in locations outside the ED, there is a need for a reliable and valid prehospital quality measure to ensure patient safety. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Center's Emergency Triage, Treat and Transport (ET3) Model created a unique opportunity to develop a quality measure for ambulance organizations to measure safe and effective prehospital care.

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis-mediated cognitive behavior participates in stress resilience to anxiety and depression-like behaviors in postpartum dams.

Postpartum period being a critical phase affecting women's health recovery, and stressful events during this period are major risk factors for postpartum depression. Pup separation (PS) serves as a natural model of postpartum maternal care. However, the effects of different PS (no separation, NPS; 15 min/day, PS15, brief PS; 180 min/day, PS180, long PS) during lactation on stress-induced behavioral deficits in dams, along with the underlying mechanisms of resilience remain unclear.

KAT5 knockdown alleviates microglial inflammatory injury following acute cerebral ischemia through enhanced STAT6 activity.

In ischemic stroke (IS), microglia exhibit dynamic functional shifts, contributing to tissue damage during the acute phase and promoting repair in the chronic phase. The mechanisms underlying these transitions are poorly understood. We utilized a KAT5 knockdown rat model in conjunction with a BV2 cell model to investigate the negative regulatory mechanism of Lysine Acetyltransferase 5 (KAT5) on Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6 (STAT6) and its effects in IS.

Flupentixol/melitracen for epigastric pain syndrome in female patients with abnormal urinalysis and therapeutic insights into the brain-bladder axis.

The pathogenesis of abnormal urinalysis in female epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) is unclear. This study aimed to observe the effect of flupentixol/melitracen (FM) acting in central nervous system on urinalysis in female EPS. It is confirmed that abnormal urinalysis indicators may be related to somatization caused by abnormal brain-bladder axis.

The OsFBX388-OsFIP1-OsCatA module regulates ROS homeostasis and disease resistance in rice.

Plants are exposed to various biotic and abiotic environmental stresses, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). One of the enzymes responsible for neutralizing excess ROS is catalase (CAT), which breaks down hydrogen peroxide (HO). However, the regulation of CAT in mediating HO homeostasis remains unclear.

Ultrasound-based machine learning model to predict the risk of endometrial cancer among postmenopausal women.

Background: Current ultrasound-based screening for endometrial cancer (EC) primarily relies on endometrial thickness (ET) and morphological evaluation, which suffer from low specificity and high interobserver variability. This study aimed to develop and validate an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven diagnostic model to improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce variability.

Methods: A total of 1,861 consecutive postmenopausal women were enrolled from two centers between April 2021 and April 2024.

Innovations and Applications of Composite Hydrogels: from Polymer-Based Systems to Metal-Ion-Doped and Functional Nanomaterial-Enhanced Architectures.

Hydrogels are 3D polymer networks cross-linked by physical interactions or covalent bonds. Been considered as versatile fabrication platforms for biomaterials due to their excellent biocompatibility and water-solubility. Particularly, the single-component hydrogels exhibit similar properties as above, but have obvious restrictions such as poor mechanical properties, rapid swelling, and unexpected instability.

Interfacial Self-Assembly and Waterborne Hydrophobic Emulsion Coating Toward Nanofibrous Membranes for Waterproof, Breathable, and Anti-Fouling Applications.

Constructing superhydrophobic surfaces on nanofiber membranes while avoiding the destruction of porous structures in membranes is important for waterproof and breathable applications, yet has proven challenging. Herein, a novel interface self-assembly strategy was proposed to create rough surface structures on the nanofibers, and an environment-friendly waterborne hydrophobic coating was developed for interface hydrophobization. The interface self-assembly strategy introduces branched poly(ethylenimine) (BPEI) as a bridging medium, which can mediate the assembly of TiO nanoparticles on the nanofiber interface, thus enabling the formation of hierarchical rough structures.

YAP Deficiency in Gli1 Osteogenic Progenitors Leads to Condylar Hypoplasia via β-Catenin Signaling.

Objectives: The pathogenesis of mandibular condylar hypoplasia has not been fully understood. Our previous studies provided evidence that Gli1 osteogenic progenitors contribute to condylar development. This study aimed to investigate the role of YAP in Gli1 cells during condylar development.