Melatonin-induced ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer cells by stimulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibiting alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2-driven glutamine metabolism.

Background: Pancreatic cancer, characterized by aggressive proliferation and metastasis, is a lethal malignancy. The nightly hormone melatonin serves as a rhythm-regulating hormone, and is used to treat different cancers including pancreatic cancer.

Aim: To investigate how melatonin acts against human pancreatic cancer cell lines and analyze the biological processes that cause the observed effects.

Chromatin dynamics of a large-sized genome provides insights into polyphenism and X0 dosage compensation of locusts.

Locusts are characterized by a large genome size, polyphenism and an X0 sex determination system. Here we generated chromosome-level genomes for both desert and migratory locusts, as well as a comprehensive chromatin map for the latter. We found that genome enlargement is associated with an increased number of enhancers in expanded intronic regions.

Surface-Localized Crosslinked MEW PCL-Hydrogel Scaffolds with Tunable Porosity for Enhanced Cell Adhesion and Viability.

Hydrogel is widely used as a scaffolding material for tissue engineering due to its excellent cytocompatibility and potential for biofunctionalization. However, its poor mechanical property limits its further application. Fabrication of fiber-reinforced hydrogel composite scaffolds has emerged as a solution to overcome this problem.

Locusts employ neuronal sensory prioritization to reconcile two conflicting olfactory signals while aggregating.

Migratory locusts () emit two key odorants during aggregation: 4-vinylanisole (4VA), which serves as an aggregation pheromone attracting conspecifics to form swarms, and phenylacetonitrile (PAN), which acts as an aposematic signal and a precursor of a defense toxin, deterring conspecifics from cannibalism and protecting against predators. However, how locusts reconcile these two conflicting olfactory signals while aggregating is not yet understood. Our study addresses this by examining the release dynamics of the two signals, their behavioral effects, and the neural mechanisms underlying their perception.

NSD2 inhibitors rewire chromatin to treat lung and pancreatic cancers.

NSD2 catalyses the epigenetic modification H3K36me2 (refs. ) and is a candidate convergent downstream effector of oncogenic signalling in diverse malignancies. However, it remains unclear whether the enzymatic activity of NSD2 is therapeutically targetable.

Design and testing of high-temperature and high-pressure cell for SANS at CSNS.

With the stable operation of the Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) instrument at the China Spallation Neutron Source, the demand for diverse sample environments has significantly increased. Common atmospheric pressure conditions are no longer sufficient for user experiments, making it essential to develop new sample environment equipment that allows the samples to be tested under a joint high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) condition. In situ HTHP-SANS experiments are crucial for studying materials such as shale, gas hydrate, biological proteins, and colloids.

Decoding 4-vinylanisole biosynthesis and pivotal enzymes in locusts.

Aggregation pheromone, 4-vinylanisole (4VA), is specifically released by gregarious migratory locusts, and is crucial in forming locust swarms that cause destructive plagues. Control of locust plagues relies heavily on the extensive application of chemical pesticides, which has led to severe environmental and health issues. As pheromones are primary mediators of insect communication and behaviour, exploring their biosynthesis can provide important cues to develop innovative behavioural regulators, potentially reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides.

Changes in cardiovascular disease risk, lung function and other clinical health outcomes when people who smoke use e-cigarettes to reduce cigarette smoking: an exploratory analysis from a randomised placebo-controlled trial.

Objectives: To examine changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, lung function and clinical laboratory markers among people who smoke who used e-cigarettes to reduce their cigarette smoking.

Design: Four-arm, parallel-group, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial.

Setting: Two sites-Virginia Commonwealth University (Richmond, Virginia, USA) and Penn State University, College of Medicine (Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA).

Performance of PREVENT and pooled cohort equations for predicting 10-Year ASCVD risk in the UK Biobank.

Background: The Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) were created in 2013 to assess ASCVD risk in primary prevention. In 2023 the American Heart Association published the PREVENT equations to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease in primary prevention. The comparative performance of PCE and PREVENT for predicting 10-year ASCVD risk has not been evaluated in an external large-scale epidemiologic cohort.

The orange protein regulates the minor antenna protein CP24 via an oxidative stress-dependent structural switch.

Abiotic stress significantly affects plant photosynthetic efficiency, leading to a global reduction in agricultural yields. The Orange (Or) protein plays a crucial role in regulating carotenoid homeostasis and enhancing plant adaptation to abiotic stress. In this study, we found that the sweetpotato Or protein (IbOr) physically interacts with the minor antenna protein IbCP24 in the chloroplast and promotes its degradation.

Rechallenge of anti-PD-1 antibody combined with chemotherapy shows promising efficacy in the treatment of advanced metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report.

This report presents the case of a 53-year-old man who was diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma and developed lung metastasis after undergoing surgery and interventional treatment. The lung metastasis progressed multiple times while the patient was undergoing successive treatments with Lenvatinib, Apatinib combined with Camrelizumab and Regorafenib. Eventually, a positive response was achieved with Tislelizumab combined with Xelox.

Variations in the Bacterial Ecosystems of Mosquito Populations - Haikou and Sanya Cities, Hainan Province, China, 2019.

Introduction: This study explores the midgut microbiota of mosquitoes in Haikou and Sanya cities, regions critical for understanding vector-borne disease dynamics in Hainan Province, China. It provides baseline data on microbial composition and examines their potential role in influencing mosquito biology and vector competence, while highlighting the need for further research into their association with vector-borne viral infections.

Methods: Adult mosquitoes were collected using light traps and human bait methods.

A novel injury mechanism of trans-styloid palmar-divergent dislocation of the lunate and scaphoid: a case report.

Background: Palmar-divergent dislocation of the lunate and scaphoid is a rare high-energy trauma with complex injured mechanism. Early diagnosis and surgery are necessary, however, there is no consensus on surgical treatment, as only a few literatures have been reported.

Case Summary: A 56-year-old man, following a powerful strike to the dorsal side of left wrist and forearm, complained about swelling, tenderness, and limited motion of the left wrist during the physical examination.

Parents' divorce and early child development: a population-based study in China.

Background: The divorce rate has increased globally and in China. Literature from developed countries and few developing countries has shown the negative impact of parental divorce on children's health and development. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between parental divorce and early childhood development (ECD) in China.

A novel open-vascular single-branched stent graft in total arch repair of type a aortic dissection one-year results of a prospective multicenter randomized controlled study.

Background: Acute type A aortic dissection (TAAD) is a life-threatening condition requiring timely surgery. Modifications in TAAD arch reconstruction are needed to improve surgical manipulation and reduce complications. This study evaluates a novel single-branched stent graft for arch reconstruction.

The microglial state transition as a novel mechanism by which fresh Baihe Dihuang decoction prevents depression by regulating SIRT1/HMGB1 signaling.

Background: Fresh Baihe Dihuang decoction (FBD) is a classic Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula used to treat depression. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms in treating depression still need further exploration.

Purpose: In this study, we investigated whether FBD could prevent depressive-like behaviors by remodeling the microglial state transition via the inhibition of SIRT1/HMGB1 signaling in vivo and in vitro.

MicroRNA profiling reveals novel biomarkers for cardiovascular and psychological health in plateau psycho CVD.

This study aimed to explore the expression characteristics of miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and depression within a plateau environment, to better understand their potential role in Plateau Psycho-CVD. A prospective study design was employed to analyze circulating small RNAs from 20 subjects using high-throughput sequencing technology. Participants were divided into four groups (C, PPC, PP, PC) for comparative analysis.

GAF-dependent chromatin plasticity determines promoter usage to mediate locust gregarious behavior.

Locusts, as devastating pests, can reversibly transform between solitary individuals and gregarious swarms with markedly different behaviors. Epigenetic regulation orchestrated by changes in chromatin openness modulates behavioral plasticity by controlling gene expression. However, the gene regulation mechanisms by which chromatin openness controls behavioral changes remain largely unknown.

Temperature-Triggered Reversible Adhesion Hydrogel with Responsive Drug Release, Mild Photothermal Therapy, and Biofilm Clearance for Skin Infection Healing.

Bacterial infection gives rise to a hypoxic, HO-abundant, and acidic local microenvironment at the site of inflammation, which prevents the healing of skin tissues. In this work, gelatin and oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose were developed as the framework of hydrogels. Tannic acid and 3-formylphenylboronic acid served as small-molecule anchors.

Modeling Incremental Benefit of Medication Reconciliation on ICU Outcomes.

Background: Medication errors such as medication discrepancies can occur in patients who are hospitalized and may result in adverse drug events (ADEs). Pharmacist-led medication reconciliation (MR) is an intervention that can be used to address medication discrepancies. Estimating the impact of MR in a medical setting is challenging to do experimentally.

Controllable Preparation of Low-Cost Coal Gangue-Based SAPO-5 Molecular Sieve and Its Adsorption Performance for Heavy Metal Ions.

With the advancement of industrial production and urban modernization, pollution from heavy metal ions and the accumulation of solid waste have become critical global environmental challenges. Establishing an effective recycling system for solid waste and removing heavy metals from wastewater is essential. Coal gangue was used in this study as the primary material for the synthesis of a fully coal gangue-based phosphorus-silicon-aluminum (SAPO-5) molecular sieve through a hydrothermal process.

BiOBr/Coal Gangue-Based SAPO-5 Molecular Sieve Nanocomposite for Enhanced Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue.

The accumulation of organic pollutants and solid waste is one of the major environmental challenges faced globally. Establishing an efficient recycling system for solid waste and designing cost-effective, high-performance photocatalysts are urgent tasks for the removal of organic pollutants from water. This study utilizes coal gangue as the precursor to synthesize a coal gangue-based phosphorus-silicon-aluminum molecular sieve (SAPO-5) via hydrothermal synthesis.

Nanoparticles alter locust development and behaviour.

Locusts, among the world's most destructive migratory pests, threaten food security by devastating crops and pastures. Conventional chemical insecticides pose environmental and health risks, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives. We demonstrate the efficacy of nickel ferrite (NiFeO) nanoparticles (36 ± 10 nm), as a safe, cost-effective insecticide for locust management.