Non-invasive scoring systems of liver fibrosis predict prognosis in the cohort with myocardial infarction.

Patients with liver fibrosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, long-term prognosis of liver fibrosis and T2DM after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remain to be investigated. This study compared clinical characteristics and prognosis of AMI patients with T2DM and evidence of liver fibrosis.

Performance of PREVENT and pooled cohort equations for predicting 10-Year ASCVD risk in the UK Biobank.

Background: The Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) were created in 2013 to assess ASCVD risk in primary prevention. In 2023 the American Heart Association published the PREVENT equations to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease in primary prevention. The comparative performance of PCE and PREVENT for predicting 10-year ASCVD risk has not been evaluated in an external large-scale epidemiologic cohort.

Association of quality of care and long-term mortality risk for individuals presenting with ST-segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) by diabetes mellitus status: A nationwide cohort study.

Aims: This study aimed to assess how diabetes influences the quality of care and longer-term outcomes in contemporary STEMI cohorts.

Methods: We analysed 283,658 adults hospitalised with STEMI from the United Kingdom Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP) registry between 2005 and 2019. This was linked with Office of National Statistics data to provide out of hospital mortality outcomes.

Cohort profile: AI-driven national Platform for CCTA for clinicaL and industriaL applicatiOns (APOLLO).

Purpose: Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) is well established for the diagnostic evaluation and prognostication of coronary artery disease (CAD). The growing burden of CAD in Asia and the emergence of novel CT-based risk markers highlight the need for an automated platform that integrates patient data with CCTA findings to provide tailored, accurate cardiovascular risk assessments. This study aims to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven platform for CAD assessment using CCTA in Singapore's multiethnic population.

Correction: Effectiveness of an Artificial Intelligence-Assisted App for Improving Eating Behaviors: Mixed Methods Evaluation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/46036.].

Effects of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on anthropometric, cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers: An umbrella review of meta-analyses.

Background & Aims: Though probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics have been shown to confer health benefits, their effects on cardiometabolic risk factors remain unclear. Therefore, we conducted an umbrella review to examine their effectiveness on anthropometric, cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers.

Methods: We conducted an umbrella review on eligible systematic reviews with meta-analysis (SRMA) published from journals' inception till 13 January 2023 retrieved from seven electronic databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science).

Effectiveness of an Artificial Intelligence-Assisted App for Improving Eating Behaviors: Mixed Methods Evaluation.

Background: A plethora of weight management apps are available, but many individuals, especially those living with overweight and obesity, still struggle to achieve adequate weight loss. An emerging area in weight management is the support for one's self-regulation over momentary eating impulses.

Objective: This study aims to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a novel artificial intelligence-assisted weight management app in improving eating behaviors in a Southeast Asian cohort.

Has the first year of the COVID pandemic impacted the trends in obesity-related CVD mortality between 1999 and 2019 in the United States?

Background: During the covid-19 pandemic there was a marked rise in the number of cardiovascular deaths. Obesity is a well-known modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and has been identified as a factor which leads to poorer covid-19 related outcomes. In this study we aimed to analyse the impact of covid-19 on obesity-related cardiovascular deaths compared to trends seen 20 years prior.

Inflammatory phenotypes may be more important than age and comorbidities in predicting clinical outcomes in hospitalised patients with COVID-19.

Objectives: In critically ill patients with COVID-19, distinct hyperinflammatory and hypoinflammatory phenotypes have been described, with different outcomes and responses to therapy. We investigated if similar phenotypes exist in non-severe illness.

Methods: Consecutive patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed SARS-CoV-2 were examined.

Examining the interim proposal for name change to steatotic liver disease in the US population.

Background And Aims: Fatty liver is the commonest liver condition globally and traditionally associated with NAFLD. A consensus meeting was held in Chicago to explore various terminologies. Herein, we explore the proposed changes in nomenclature in a population data set from the US.

Continued demographic shifts in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 from migrant workers to a vulnerable and more elderly local population at risk of severe disease.

Objectives: In the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore, the vast majority of infected persons were migrant workers living in dormitories who had few medical comorbidities. In 2021, with the Delta and Omicron waves, this shifted to the more vulnerable, elderly population within the local community. We examined evolving trends among the hospitalised cases of COVID-19.

The placebo response rate and nocebo events in obesity pharmacological trials. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: There is a growing number of trials examining the effectiveness of pharmacotherapies for obesity, however, little is known about placebo and nocebo effect in these trials. Hence, we sought to examine the effect of placebo in obesity trials, to better understand the potential factors affecting clinical endpoints in them.

Methods: Medline, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched for articles examining weight-loss RCTs examining patients with overweight or obesity in placebo-controlled arms from inception till 25 June 2022.

The obesity paradox: association of obesity with improved survival in medically managed severe aortic stenosis.

Introduction: The obesity paradox, where obesity is associated with improved survival, has been described in patients undergoing haemodialysis and in those with heart failure. It was also demonstrated in patients undergoing valve replacement for aortic stenosis (AS). We explored this phenomenon in medically managed severe AS.

Statins decrease overall mortality and cancer related mortality but are underutilized in NAFLD: a longitudinal analysis of 12,538 individuals.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. NAFLD is associated with dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular mortality remains the leading cause of death. While statins are the first-line therapy in hyperlipidemia, their utilization has been suboptimal.

Echocardiographic assessment of cardiovascular function and clinical outcomes in liver transplant recipients.

Background & Aims: Cardiovascular disease contributes to a high rate of morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation (LT). However, the progression of cardiac function and cardiac remodeling in LT recipients remains poorly understood. This study sought to evaluate the progression of cardiac function and structure in LT recipients and identify independent predictors of prognosis using echocardiography.

The mechanistic pathways of oxidative stress in aortic stenosis and clinical implications.

Despite the elucidation of the pathways behind the development of aortic stenosis (AS), there remains no effective medical treatment to slow or reverse its progress. Instead, the gold standard of care in severe or symptomatic AS is replacement of the aortic valve. Oxidative stress is implicated, both directly as well as indirectly, in lipid infiltration, inflammation and fibro-calcification, all of which are key processes underlying the pathophysiology of degenerative AS.

The effect of diabetes and prediabetes on the prevalence, complications and mortality in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background/aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with diabetes. The cumulative impact of both diseases synergistically increases risk of adverse events. However, present population analysis is predominantly conducted with reference to non-NAFLD individuals and has not yet examined the impact of prediabetes.

Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease.

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to play key roles in the progression of diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia, which are independent risk factors that lead to atherosclerosis and the development of IHD. Engineered biomaterial-based nanomedicines are under extensive investigation and exploration, serving as smart and multifunctional nanocarriers for synergistic therapeutic effect.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease increases risk of carotid atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke: An updated meta-analysis with 135,602 individuals.

Background/aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease. While existing studies have examined cardiac remodeling in NAFLD, there has been less emphasis on the development of carotid atherosclerosis and stroke. We sought to conduct a meta-analysis to quantify the prevalence, risk factors, and degree of risk increment of carotid atherosclerosis and stroke in NAFLD.

Meta-Analysis Comparing Risk Factors, Incidence, and Outcomes of Patients With Versus Without Prosthesis-Patient Mismatch Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.

Current guidelines on the management of patients with aortic valvular disease have widened the use of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with an emphasis on avoidance of prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM). This study sought to examine the incidence, risk factors, and all-cause mortality of PPM after TAVI. Medline and Embase databases were searched from inception to August 10, 2021.