An oomycete effector targets host calmodulin to suppress plant immunity.

Tropical and subtropical fruit trees face serious threats of oomycete-caused plant diseases. However, the molecular mechanism by which oomycete pathogens suppress the immunity of these fruit trees remains largely unclear. Effectors play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of plant pathogenic oomycetes.

CSF2RA promotes gastric cancer progression through activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Pseudoautosomal regions (PARs), located at the ends of sex chromosomes, harbor genes that may play a role in tumor pathology by regulating cell proliferation and the immune microenvironment. Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent and molecularly heterogeneous malignancy of the digestive system. However, studies on the role of PARs-related genes in GC are limited.

Harnessing Electrocatalytic Coupling of Carbon Dioxide and Methanol for High-Efficiency Formic Acid Production.

The coupling of electrocatalytic CO reduction (ECR) and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) presents a promising strategy for simultaneous cogeneration of formic acid (FA) at both cathode and anode. However, sluggish kinetics, low selectivity and efficiency hinder practical application. Herein, we demonstrate an integrated ECR||MOR system employing CuBi cathode and NiCo anode for energy-efficient FA cogeneration.

Safety-constrained transient control for aero-engines: A data-driven diffeomorphic ADP framework.

To enable safety-constrained control of aero-engines under wide-range transient conditions, a novel data-driven diffeomorphic adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) framework is developed to explicitly enforce the state and input safety constraints. The approach begins by employing diffeomorphic transformations coupled with a dynamic control law to effectively eliminate explicit state constraints. This transformation reformulates the original constrained problem into an optimal control framework subject solely to virtual input saturation.

The evolution of concomitant mitral regurgitation in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a prospective multi-center China-DVD2 cohort study.

Background: Severe aortic stenosis (AS) often coexists with mitral regurgitation (MR). This study evaluated the significant evolution of MR in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for AS.

Methods: This multi-center China Degenerative Valve Disease II Cohort (China-DVD2) Study enrolled patients undergoing TAVR for AS from January 2020 to October 2023.

Selenomethionine alleviates OTA-induced kidney injury in broilers by modulating ferroptosis.

Mycotoxin contamination in food and feed poses a significant threat to human and animal health worldwide. OTA is a common mycotoxin. About 20-30% of global feed is contaminated with OTA, and the annual potential contamination amount exceeds 200 million tons, which has become a major problem of local feed safety.

In vivo Hypothermic Perfusion Intestinal Auto-transplantation for Patients With Tumors Invading the Mesenteric Root Vascular System: An Unusual Consecutive 19-case Series (with video).

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and outcomes of radical resection combined with in vivo hypothermic perfusion and intestinal auto-transplantation (IATx) for tumors invading the mesenteric root vascular system.

Background: Radical resection combined with IATx is safe and effective for mesenteric root tumors invading the vascular system. However, classic IATx procedures require removing the mesenteric root tumor as well as the small intestine and ascending colon for ex vivo hypothermic perfusion.

Anthropogenic climate change may reduce global diazotroph diversity.

Climate change impacts microbial community structure and function, thus altering biogeochemical cycles. Biological nitrogen fixation by diazotrophs is involved in maintaining the balance of the global nitrogen cycle, but the global biogeographic patterns of diazotrophs and their responses to climate change remain unclear. In this study, we use a dataset of 1352 potential diazotrophs by leveraging the co-occurrence of nitrogenase genes (nifHDK) and analyse the global distribution of potential diazotrophs derived from 137,672 samples.

Suppression of Spin-Orbit Torque Switching by the Magnetic Proximity Effect.

Functional magnetic multilayers are particularly interesting for enabling many emerging spintronic physics, including spin-orbit torque (SOT), magnetic proximity effect (MPE), and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), among many others. A comprehension of these spintronic phenomena is vital for the development of advanced spintronic materials and devices. Here, we investigate the interplay between the MPE and the current-induced SOT switching in the perpendicularly magnetized Pt/[Co/Pd] multilayers (with being the number of repetitions).

High-sensitivity and fast-response solar-blind photodetectors via band offset engineering for motion tracking.

Single-pixel imaging is emerging as a promising alternative to traditional focal plane array technologies, offering advantages in compactness and cost-effectiveness. However, the lack of solar-blind photodetectors combining fast-response and high-sensitivity has constrained their application in the deep ultraviolet spectrum. This work introduces a self-powered solar-blind photodetector based on a heterostructure comprising a GaO photosensitive layer, an AlN barrier layer, and an N-polar AlGaN:Si contact layer.

Ménétrier Disease: Rare Manifestations and Mechanistic Insights From 2 Adult Cases.

BACKGROUND Menetrier disease is a rare gastric disorder characterized by hypertrophic hyperplastic changes in the stomach mucosa, hypoproteinemia, and symptoms like abdominal pain and diarrhea. It predominantly affects men aged 40-60 years and involves protein loss from the stomach. There have been few reports of cases complicated with severe anemia and secondary gastric outlet obstruction.

Mg²⁺-modified corncob biochar and natural zeolite significantly enhanced simultaneous N and P recovery from livestock wastewater.

Livestock and poultry farming effluents (LPFE) have become a significant source of pollution in the agricultural water environment, with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) being the major pollutants. The use of inexpensive Mg2+ -modified materials as crystallization carriers can enhance the struvite crystallization and precipitation reaction, enabling efficient recovery of N and P nutrients from LPFE. In this study, Mg2+ -modified corncob biochar (CCBC-Mg) and Mg2+ -modified natural zeolite (NZ-Mg) were assessed for their simultaneous recovery of N and P from LPFE.

Self-healing Cu single-atom catalyst for high-performance electrocatalytic CO methanation.

To address the escalating challenge of atmospheric CO emissions, this study proposes a self-healing Cu single atom (SA) catalyst design. By partially cleaving Cu-N bonds via hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), coordinatively unsaturated Cu sites form and spontaneously bond with adjacent ZrO clusters which are strategically positioned near the Cu SA, creating a hybrid Cu-N/O structure with enhanced performance. In situ Raman and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements confirm the dynamic reconstruction of coordination environment from CuN to CuNO under electrochemical conditions.

Machine learning integration of bulk and single-cell RNA-seq data reveals glycolytic heterogeneity in colorectal cancer.

As one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) exhibits a strong metabolic dependency on glycolysis, which fuels tumor expansion and shapes an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Despite its clinical significance, the regulatory landscape and cellular diversity of glycolytic metabolism in CRC require systematic exploration. Multi-omics datasets (bulk/scRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics) were analyzed to quantify glycolytic signatures.

Haptoglobin phenotypes and structural variants associate with post-exertional malaise and cognitive dysfunction in myalgic encephalomyelitis.

Background: Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) is a chronic, multisystem illness characterized by post-exertional malaise (PEM) and cognitive dysfunction, yet the molecular mechanisms driving these hallmark symptoms remain unclear. This study investigated haptoglobin (Hp) as a potential biomarker of PEM severity and cognitive impairment in ME, with a focus on Hp phenotypes and structural proteoforms.

Methods: A longitudinal case-control study was conducted in 140 ME patients and 44 matched sedentary healthy controls.

Comparison of the Serodiagnostic Accuracy Tests for Lyme Disease in Adults and Children: A Network Meta-Analysis.

As direct detection methods of are limited, serology plays an important role in diagnosing Lyme disease (LD). There are various types of Lyme serological tests with varying diagnostic accuracy, so it is necessary to compare and rank them. The aim of this study is to compare the accuracy of various serological diagnostic methods for LD using network meta-analysis (NMA).

Alleviation of Ovalbumin-Allergic Reactions in Mice by Polysaccharides via Modulation of Intestinal Microbiota.

Food allergy represents a prevalent immunological disorder, with current clinical management primarily emphasizing allergen avoidance and emergency pharmacological intervention. polysaccharides, the principal bioactive constituents of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant , have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties; however, their specific effects on food allergies remain inadequately characterized. A total of thirty-six female BALB/c mice were randomly allocated into three groups ( = 12 per group): the control group (CON group, receiving saline treatment), the allergic model group (OVA group, subjected to ovalbumin sensitization), and the intervention group (OVA+PS group, undergoing OVA sensitization followed by polysaccharides administration via gavage).

The Effect of Astaxanthin on Ochratoxin A-Induced Intestinal Injury in Chickens Through RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL Pathway.

Ochratoxin A (OTA), as a mycotoxin, can contaminate a variety of feeds and foods. Existing studies have shown that the main toxicity of OTA to organisms is nephrotoxicity, but the toxic mechanism to other organs is still worthy of further study. Whether OTA causes intestinal damage through the necroptosis pathway mediated by remains to be elucidated.

The Relationship of Family Cohesion and Teacher Emotional Support with Adolescent Prosocial Behavior: The Chain-Mediating Role of Self-Compassion and Meaning in Life.

A questionnaire survey was conducted with 1153 adolescents to examine how emotional support within family and school contexts relates to adolescents' prosocial behavior. Results indicated that both family cohesion and teacher emotional support were positively and significantly associated with prosocial behavior. Further analysis revealed that adolescents' meaning in life mediated these relationships and that self-compassion together with meaning in life served as a sequential mediating pathway.

Magnetically actuated multimaterial fiberbot for precise minimally invasive knee laser surgery.

Conventional methods, such as open and arthroscopy-assisted surgery, still encounter challenges in terms of tool flexibility when addressing knee diseases in patients. Robotics has enhanced the precision and efficiency of numerous surgical procedures. However, there is still a lack of minimally invasive surgical tools capable of flexibly resecting knee lesions.

Association Between Caregiver Health Literacy, Social Determinants of Health, and the Pediatric Oncology New Diagnosis Educational Experience.

Background: Caregiver new diagnosis education is understudied in pediatric oncology. Caregiver health literacy (HL) and social determinants of health (SDoH) may affect the caregiver-reported educational experience (CREE) of receiving new diagnosis education. Our purpose was to determine relationships between HL, SDoH, and CREE by surveying caregivers who received new diagnosis education for their children undergoing cancer treatment.

A dual-branch CNN-encoder model for rapid geographic traceability of Astragalus using near-infrared spectroscopy.

The geographical origin of medicinal herbs significantly affects their chemical composition and pharmacological efficacy. Therefore, developing rapid and non-destructive origin identification techniques is essential for quality control in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Astragalus membranaceus, a representative herb with both medicinal and nutritional value, is highly sensitive to environmental conditions across different producing areas.

Protection against stroke-induced blood-brain barrier disruption by Guanxinning injection and its active-component combination via TLR4/NF-κB/MMP9-mediated neuroinflammation.

Background: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, yet neuroinflammatory mechanisms driving BBB disruption remain poorly understood.

Purpose: To explore the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced BBB dysfunction and evaluate the therapeutic effects of Guanxinning injection (GXNI), a Danshen-Chuanxiong herbal combination, targeting neuroinflammatory pathways.

Methods: A 3D-BBB organoid composed of human brain microvascular endothelial cells, human astrocytes, and primary human brain microvascular pericytes was constructed, and conditions for OGD/R that simulate ischemic stroke were established.

Ethacrynic acid regulates gentamicin ototoxicity via the blood-labyrinth barrier.

Gentamicin (GM), a widely used aminoglycoside antibiotic, has its clinical utility significantly limited by ototoxicity, which may be further exacerbated by co-administered drugs. This study systematically investigated the ototoxic mechanisms of GM combined with ethacrynic acid (EA) and the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) using C57BL/6 J mice. Results revealed dose-dependent GM-induced ototoxicity.