Exogenous Fe(II) enhanced iron plaque formation influences the adsorption and immobilization of Cd in rice root.

Background: Iron plaque on the rice rhizoplane could potentially prevent cadmium (Cd) entry into plant roots. A hydroponic experiment was conducted to study the morphological characteristics and mineral compositions of iron plaque, Cd immobilization mechanism by iron plaque, and its effect on Cd uptake and transport in rice.

Results: Exogenous divalent iron ion (Fe(II)) could induce the formation of deep-red iron plaque on rice rhizoplane, which primarily consisted of ferrihydrite, goethite, hematite, iron phosphate, and iron sulfate compounds.

Trends and inequalities in the global burden of alzheimer's disease and other dementias, 1990-2021: a Chinese perspective.

Background: Given the growing global burden of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias (ADODs) and inequalities in its distribution, it is of great necessity to analyze the trends and cross-country inequalities in the burden of ADODs globally and in China from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: Estimates and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of ADODs were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2021. We described the epidemiology of ADODs at global, regional, and national levels, conducting temporal trend analyses using estimated annual percentage change, joinpoint regression, and age-period-cohort model.

Association between maternal folic acid supplementation in different pregnancy and infant neurobehavioral development at 6 and 18 months.

Background: It has been proven that periconceptional folic acid (FA) supplementation could prevent neural tube defects. However, FA supplementation during different stages of pregnancy and its association with the neurobehavioral development of offspring remains unclear, particularly the effects of continued FA supplementation during the second and third trimesters. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal FA supplementation at various stages of pregnancy and infant neurobehavioral development.

The Relationship of Family Cohesion and Teacher Emotional Support with Adolescent Prosocial Behavior: The Chain-Mediating Role of Self-Compassion and Meaning in Life.

A questionnaire survey was conducted with 1153 adolescents to examine how emotional support within family and school contexts relates to adolescents' prosocial behavior. Results indicated that both family cohesion and teacher emotional support were positively and significantly associated with prosocial behavior. Further analysis revealed that adolescents' meaning in life mediated these relationships and that self-compassion together with meaning in life served as a sequential mediating pathway.

Recognition of Authentic Happy and Sad Facial Expressions in Chinese Elementary School Children: Evidence from Behavioral and Eye-Movement Studies.

Accurately discerning the authenticity of facial expressions is crucial for inferring others' psychological states and behavioral intentions, particularly in shaping interpersonal trust dynamics among elementary school children. While existing literature remains inconclusive regarding school-aged children's capability to differentiate between genuine and posed facial expressions, this study employed happy and sad facial stimuli to systematically evaluate their discrimination accuracy. Parallel to behavioral measures, children's gaze patterns during authenticity judgments were recorded using eye-tracking technology.

Photoinduced EDA Complexes Enabled C3 (Hetero)arylation of Indoles Using Amine as a Transient Occupying Group.

Herein, an EDA complex enabled selective C3 (hetero)arylation of indole was established, utilizing morpholine as the transient occupying group. This protocol is efficient, sustainable, and exhibits excellent substrate compatibility and functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies revealed the binding of morpholine to the C2 position of the indole cation radical plays a key role in forming the transient radical at the C3 position.

Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Mitigate Liver Fibrosis by Delivering USP10 to Reprogram Macrophage Phenotype.

The utilization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) serves as an encouraging strategy for treating liver fibrosis. However, precise mechanisms are not completely understood. Recently, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as major paracrine effectors mediating the anti-fibrotic effects of MSCs.

Neuroinflammation-mediated YKL-40 correlates with tau pathology and predicts longitudinal cognitive impairment and brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease, with hypertensive dependency.

Background: Neuroinflammation and hypertension are involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, their independent and additive impacts on astrocytes and AD-related pathologies have not been fully explored. Hence, this study investigated whether the associations between astrocyte reactivity, measured by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), Chitinase 3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1/YKL-40), and AD-related pathologies were mediated by neuroinflammation and whether these associations were modified by hypertension.

Genomic and the tumor microenvironment heterogeneity in multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background And Aims: Ambiguous understanding of tumors and tumor microenvironments (TMEs) hinders accurate diagnosis and available treatment for multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) covering intrahepatic metastasis (IM) and multicentric occurrence (MO). Here, we characterized the diverse TMEs of IM and MO identified by whole-exome sequencing at single-cell resolution.

Approach And Results: We performed parallel whole-exome sequencing and scRNA-seq on 23 samples from 7 patients to profile their TMEs when major results were validated by immunohistochemistry in the additional cohort.

Sleep chart of biological aging clocks across organs and omics.

Optimal sleep plays a vital role in promoting healthy aging and enhancing longevity. This study proposes a Sleep Chart to assess the relationship between sleep duration and 23 biological aging clocks across 17 organ systems or tissues and 3 omics data types (imaging, proteomics, and metabolomics). First, a systemic, U-shaped pattern shows that both short (<6 hours) and long (>8 hours) sleep duration are linked to elevated biological age gaps (BAGs) across 9 brain and body systems and 3 omics types, with optimal sleep time varying by organ and sex ([6.

Meridian-Sinew Release Therapy as an adjunctive treatment for gouty arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Meridian-Sinew Release Therapy (MSRT) combined with conventional Western medicine (MSRTW) in the treatment of gouty arthritis (GA) and to provide scientific evidence for clinical practice.

Methods: A comprehensive search of both Chinese and English literature databases was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the inclusion criteria. The study compared MSRTW to Western medicine treatment (WM) alone.

Effect of Jiawei Huangqi Guizhi decoction on the expression of gastrin content and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 signalling pathways in rats with chronic atrophic gastritis.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Jiawei Huangqi Guizhi decoction on chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) in rats and its modulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/ mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (PI3K/Akt/ mTORC2) signaling pathway.

Methods: CAG was induced in rats and treated with high-, medium-, or low-dose Jiawei Huangqi Guizhi decoction. Gastric histopathology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.

Growth Disturbance, Neurotoxicity, and Inflammatory Immune Response of Sulfoxaflor in Tadpoles: New Perspective from Pesticide Exposure to Elimination.

As an alternative to traditional pesticides, sulfoxaflor (SFX) is a sulfoximine insecticide with the same mechanism of action as neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs). However, increasing evidence suggests that SFX poses a threat to aquatic organisms. To investigate the toxic effects and potential risks in amphibians, bioaccumulation and elimination experiments were conducted at environmentally relevant concentrations.

Polythiophenes as electron donors in organic solar cells.

Recent advancements in organic solar cells (OSCs) highlight the critical need for low-cost, readily available polymer donors to facilitate the commercialization of OSCs. Among the various photovoltaic materials, polythiophene (PT) and its derivatives have emerged as the most promising candidates for commercial applications, primarily due to their affordability and ease of scalable synthesis. Over the past few years, the combination of PTs with nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) has led to significant improvements in photovoltaic efficiency.

Viral-Directed Augmentation of Kupffer Cell Cross-Presentation Provokes Antitumor Immunity Against Liver Metastasis.

Liver metastasis is associated with poor prognosis and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Functional modulation of Kupffer cells (KCs) holds promise as an alternative immunotherapeutic approach. Leveraging their capacity to capture circulating virions, an oncolytic virus-based KC-targeting strategy is developed that demonstrated efficacy and safety in treating multifocal liver metastasis.

Circulating Level of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Correlates with Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients with White Matter Hyperintensities.

Background: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) has been shown to promote atherosclerosis, but data have been limited on its association with white matter hyperintensities (WMH).

Objective: To assess the relationship of ox-LDL levels with WMH.

Methods And Material: This study included 45 patients with WMH, matched for age, sex, and education with 45 healthy controls (HC).

Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir in hemodialysis patients with genotype 1b or 2a hepatitis C virus infection: a single-arm, prospective real-world study.

Background/aims: This investigation assessed the clinical outcomes and adverse effects of combination therapy using sofosbuvir (SOF) and daclatasvir (DCV) among dialysis-dependent patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes 1b or 2a in real-world settings.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, single-arm interventional trial comprising 16maintenance hemodialysis patients (14 with HCV-1b, 2 with HCV-2a). Participants received SOF-DCV combination therapy over 24 weeks with monitoring at weeks 4, 12, and 24 during treatment, plus a follow-up assessment 12 weeks post-treatment completion.

Exposure of Au Atom on Au(111) in Metal Nanoclusters for pH-Universal Electrocatalysis.

The control of surface and interface structures in nanocatalysts is a promising strategy for enhancing catalytic performance, but significant challenges persist in achieving precisely designed active sites or environments on the surface/interface of fully protected metal nanoclusters. In this study, we report the construction of an exposed Au atom on Au(111) and the formation of a unique surface/interface environment on the Au cluster via a cyclopentanethiol-etching strategy. Theoretical calculations and in situ attenuated total reflection infrared adsorption spectroscopy reveal that the exposed Au atom facilitates CO activation, while the tailored surface/interface environment promotes the accumulation of strongly hydrogen-bonded water, which can be validated by the molecular dynamic simulation, thus enhancing proton transfer and suppressing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).

LUMEN-A deep learning pipeline for analysis of the 3D morphology of the cerebral lenticulostriate arteries from time-of-flight 7T MRI.

The lenticulostriate arteries (LSAs) supply critical subcortical brain structures and are affected in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Changes in their morphology are linked to cardiovascular risk factors and may indicate early pathology. 7T Time-of-Flight MR angiography (TOF-MRA) enables clear LSA visualisation.

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Hydroxyamidine Derivatives as Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Inhibitors.

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of tryptophan into kynurenine and represents a potential target for tumor immunotherapy. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of '-hydroxyamidine analogues through pharmacophore fusion and bioisosterism principles. The results indicated that compounds I-1 and I-2 exhibited activity similar to that of Epacadostat in inhibiting recombinant hIDO1 and hIDO1 expression in HeLa cells.

Cushioning Performance of Specialized Running Socks for Enhanced Shock Absorption and Reduced Plantar Pressure.

Running socks play an important role in alleviating foot impact and preventing foot injuries. Despite the variety of commercial options, their cushioning effectiveness is not well understood. This study examines three different types of running socks made of bio-based and synthetic textiles.

A promising platform of hypoxia sensitive magnetosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.

Here, we engineered hypoxia-responsive nanoparticles (NI-HA-BMs-DOX) comprising 2-nitroimidazole (NI), hyaluronic acid (HA), bacterial magnetosomes (BMs), and doxorubicin (DOX) for targeted drug delivery. Under tumor hypoxia, the hypoxia-sensitive NI moiety undergoes reduction to 2-aminoimidazole, inducing a transition of the nanoparticles from a hydrophobic to a hydrophilic state, thereby facilitating controlled DOX release. Cellular assays demonstrated selective DOX delivery to HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells under hypoxic conditions, while exhibiting minimal cytotoxicity toward normal hepatocytes (HL-7702).

Application of absorbable internal fixation system in secondary rhinoplasty of patients with unilateral cleft lip.

Background: Postoperative nasal asymmetry is a common secondary deformity following correction of unilateral cleft lip, with insufficient structural reinforcement along the nasal midline representing a key etiological factor.

Purpose: To address the clinical challenge of nasal asymmetry in unilateral cleft lip patients caused by insufficient midline nasal support, this study proposes the use of an absorbable internal fixation system for nasal scaffold reconstruction and evaluates its therapeutic efficacy.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with unilateral cleft lip nose.

Fabric Sensing of Intrinsic Hand Muscle Activity.

Wearable robotics has the capacity to assist and rehabilitate hand function in stroke survivors. Many devices that use surface electromyography (sEMG) for control rely on extrinsic hand muscle signals, since sEMG sensors are relatively easy to place on the forearm without interfering with hand function. In this work, we target the intrinsic muscles of the thumb, which are superficial to the skin and thus potentially more accessible via sEMG sensing.