Evaluating the role of Kasai portoenterostomy in biliary atresia older than 90 days.

Purpose: Biliary atresia (BA) patients presenting after 90 days of age face contentious treatment decisions between Kasai portoenterostomy and direct liver transplantation. This study evaluated outcomes of Kasai portoenterostomy in older BA patients to inform therapeutic decision-making.

Methods: A retrospective multicenter study analyzed 32 BA patients who underwent Kasai portoenterostomy beyond 90 days of age.

Adverse events of pharmacological interventions for insomnia disorder in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: The clinical decision-making to insomnia drugs should comprehensively weight its risks.

Objective: To perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to compare the AEs associated with different insomnia drugs for adults with insomnia.

Methods: We conducted Bayesian network meta-analyses and fixed-effects Mantel-Haenszel network meta-analyses to estimate the relative safety between treatments.

A promising platform of hypoxia sensitive magnetosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.

Here, we engineered hypoxia-responsive nanoparticles (NI-HA-BMs-DOX) comprising 2-nitroimidazole (NI), hyaluronic acid (HA), bacterial magnetosomes (BMs), and doxorubicin (DOX) for targeted drug delivery. Under tumor hypoxia, the hypoxia-sensitive NI moiety undergoes reduction to 2-aminoimidazole, inducing a transition of the nanoparticles from a hydrophobic to a hydrophilic state, thereby facilitating controlled DOX release. Cellular assays demonstrated selective DOX delivery to HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells under hypoxic conditions, while exhibiting minimal cytotoxicity toward normal hepatocytes (HL-7702).

Role of circular RNAs in formaldehyde-induced lung Injury: Insights into expression and regulatory pathways.

Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that formaldehyde influence the pathogenesis of lung injury; however, the molecular mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression profiles and function of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in formaldehyde-induced lung injury.

Methods: Differentially expressed circRNA profiles in formaldehyde-exposed rat lung tissue were identified using circRNA microarray.

Species Distinction in the Trichophyton mentagrophytes Complex Based on Phylogenomic Analysis.

Objective: Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex species mainly cause superficial infections, with a high global incidence and affecting the quality of life of patients. The taxonomic identification between closely related species within the T. mentagrophytes complex remains problematic, especially between T.

Impact of corneal curvature on 2-year postoperative visual outcomes after small incision lenticule extraction for high myopia.

Purpose: High myopia requires precise surgical interventions to ensure optimal visual outcomes. Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) has proven effective for high myopia correction, but the long-term impact of corneal curvature on refractive outcomes remains exploring. This study aimed to investigate whether preoperative low mean corneal curvature (Km) might result in refractive overcorrection, and to evaluate its influence on the refractive status of highly myopic patients 2 years post-SMILE surgery.

The role of ATG7-mediated ferroptosis in formaldehyde-induced ovarian injury in rats.

Background: To investigate the mechanisms of toxicological damage of formaldehyde to the female reproductive system METHODS: A Mendelian randomization method was used to predict a causal relationship between ferroptosis genes and female infertility. Changes in the structure and function of rat ovaries were observed by HE staining and transmission electron microscopy. Combined with molecular experiments, we verified the alterations of GSH, iron ions, MDA levels, and the expression of ferroptosis genes.

A self-assembled, genetically engineered, irradiated tumor cell debris vaccine.

Vaccine-based therapeutics for cancers face several challenges including lack of immunogenicity and tumor escape pathways for single antigen targets. It has been reported that radiotherapy has an in situ vaccine effect that provides tumor antigens following irradiation, helping to activate antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Herein, a new vaccine approach is developed by combining genetically engineered irradiated tumor cell debris (RTD) and hyaluronic acid (HA), termed HA@RTD.

Cinnamaldehyde Regulates the Migration and Apoptosis of Gastric Cancer Cells by Inhibiting the Jak2/Stat3 Pathway.

Objective: Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality all around the world. Because of its poor prognosis and low survival rate, the treatment of gastric cancer has received extensive attention. Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is the main single active component of the Chinese herbal medicine cinnamon, which has a variety of pharmacological effects.

A broadly applicable protein-polymer adjuvant system for antiviral vaccines.

Although protein subunit vaccines generally have acceptable safety profiles with precise antigenic content, limited immunogenicity can lead to unsatisfactory humoral and cellular immunity and the need for vaccine adjuvants and delivery system. Herein, we assess a vaccine adjuvant system comprising Quillaja Saponaria-21(QS-21) and cobalt porphyrin polymeric micelles that enabling the display of His-tagged antigen on its surface. The nanoscale micelles promote antigen uptake and dendritic cell activation to induce robust cytotoxic T lymphocyte response and germinal center formation.

A Novel Mitochondrial Targeted Compound Phosundoxin Showing Potent Antifungal Activity against Common Clinical Pathogenic Fungi.

The current increase in resistance to antifungal drugs indicates that there is an urgent need to explore novel antifungal drugs with different mechanisms of action. Phosundoxin is a biphenyl aliphatic amide using a TPP-targeting strategy which targets mitochondria. To provide insights into the antifungal activities of phosundoxin, the antifungal susceptibility testing of phosundoxin was conducted on 158 pathogenic fungi and compared to that of traditional azole drugs.

Tandem gene duplications contributed to high-level azole resistance in a rapidly expanding Candida tropicalis population.

Invasive diseases caused by the globally distributed commensal yeast Candida tropicalis are associated with mortality rates of greater than 50%. Notable increases of azole resistance have been observed in this species, particularly within Asia-Pacific regions. Here, we carried out a genetic population study on 1571 global C.

pH Window for High Selectivity of Ionizable Antimicrobial Polymers toward Bacteria.

Antimicrobial polymers exhibit great potential for treating drug-resistant bacteria; however, designing antimicrobial polymers that can selectively kill bacteria and cause relatively low toxicity to normal tissues/cells remains a key challenge. Here, we report a pH window for ionizable polymers that exhibit high selectivity toward bacteria. Ionizable polymer PC6A showed the greatest selectivity (131.

Investigation of bacterial and fungal population structure on environmental surfaces of three medical institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: To evaluate the population structure of environmental bacteria and fungi in three different types of medical institutions and the potential risks due to antibiotic resistance during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods: One hundred twenty-six environmental surface samples were collected from three medical institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 6,093 and 13,514 representative sequences of 16S and ITS ribosomal RNA (rRNA) were obtained by amplicon sequencing analysis.

Phosphorus biogeochemistry regulated by carbonates in soil.

Phosphates are the dominant phosphorus (P) source on Earth. The phosphates govern available P in soil, or even the complete ecosystem. The common deficiency of available P in carbonate-enriched soils suggests the tight correlation between P and C biogeochemistry, although the two elements have diverse abundance in soil.

Rapid Identification of Four Fusarium spp. Complex by High-Resolution Melting Curve Analysis and their Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles.

Fusarium species are globally distributed filamentous ascomycete fungi that are frequently reported as plant pathogens and opportunistic human pathogens, leading to yield loss of crops, mycotoxin contamination of food and feed products as well as damage to human and livestock. Human infections of Fusarium spp. are difficult to treat due to broad antifungal resistance by members of this genus.

Co-Localization of Sampling and Sequencing for Zoonotic Pathogen Identification in the Field Monitoring Using Mobile Laboratories.

Introduction: Accurate etiological detection is needed to evaluate the risk of zoonotic diseases. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) can be used to monitor pathogens in animal species and identify potential zoonotic threats. The current sampling model for zoonotic pathogen monitoring in wild animals requires samples to be transferred from the field to a laboratory for further detection.

A transistor-like pH-sensitive nanodetergent for selective cancer therapy.

Plasma membrane rupture is a promising strategy for drug-resistant cancer treatment, but its application is limited by the low tumour selectivity of membranolytic molecules. Here we report the design of 'proton transistor' nanodetergents that can convert the subtle pH perturbation signals of tumour tissues into sharp transition signals of membranolytic activity for selective cancer therapy. Our top-performing 'proton transistor' nanodetergent, P(C6-Bn), can achieve a >32-fold change in cytotoxicity with a 0.

Injectable Hydrogel as a Unique Platform for Antitumor Therapy Targeting Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment.

Cancer immunotherapy can boost the immune response of patients to eliminate tumor cells and suppress tumor metastasis and recurrence. However, immunotherapy resistance and the occurrence of severe immune-related adverse effects are clinical challenges that remain to be addressed. The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the therapeutic efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.

Founder Effects Contribute to the Population Genetic Structure of the Major Dermatophytosis Pathogen on Hainan Island, China.

Background: Founder events have been observed among numerous plants and animal species living on oceanic islands due to the geographic separation of these islands and the small amount of original life they harbor. However, there has been little research on the ecological characteristics of pathogenic microorganisms on islands. ranks the most common isolated dermatophyte causing dermatophytosis in clinic and has become an epidemic strain worldwide in recent decades.

Influences of phosphate addition on fungal weathering of carbonate in the red soil from karst region.

Carbonate in soil from karst region is a substantial carbon sink on Earth. Many karst regions are covered by P-deficient soil. This study evaluated the influences of phosphate addition on fungal weathering (by typical phosphate-solubilizing fungus Aspergillus niger) of carbonate in the soil with red color from karst region.