Alleviation of Ovalbumin-Allergic Reactions in Mice by Polysaccharides via Modulation of Intestinal Microbiota.

Food allergy represents a prevalent immunological disorder, with current clinical management primarily emphasizing allergen avoidance and emergency pharmacological intervention. polysaccharides, the principal bioactive constituents of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant , have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties; however, their specific effects on food allergies remain inadequately characterized. A total of thirty-six female BALB/c mice were randomly allocated into three groups ( = 12 per group): the control group (CON group, receiving saline treatment), the allergic model group (OVA group, subjected to ovalbumin sensitization), and the intervention group (OVA+PS group, undergoing OVA sensitization followed by polysaccharides administration via gavage).

Selection by Noncontrast Computed Tomography With or Without Computed Tomography Angiography Versus Computed Tomography Perfusion for Endovascular Therapy in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The effect of imaging selection on endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke remains debated. We compared the efficacy and safety of imaging modalities using computed tomography perfusion with using noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT)±computed tomography angiography.

Methods: Studies from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to March 1, 2024, were analyzed.

Melatonin ameliorates ischemic brain injury in experimental stroke by regulation of miR-221 and ATG7 axis.

Acute ischemic stroke is undoubtedly the leading cause of mortality and disability throughout the world, and the efficient treatment is limited so far. Therefore, potentially effective drugs for acute ischemic cerebral damage and subsequent ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury are urgently needed. Here, we explored the protective role of melatonin in I/R and investigated the possible molecular mechanism that might affect neuronal autophagy and survival following I/R injury.

LINC02282 promotes DNA methylation of TRIM6 by recruiting DNMTs to inhibit the progression of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely linked to the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases, while the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The goal of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism by which LINC02282, a significantly downregulated lncRNA in the GEO database, elicits neuroprotective effects on PD.

Knockout of neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 ameliorates neuroinflammation and motor deficit after traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a predominant cause of long-term disability in adults, yet the molecular mechanisms underpinning the neuropathological processes associated with it remain inadequately understood. Neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (NCF1, also known as p47) is one of the cytosolic components of NADPH oxidase NOX2. In this study, we observed a reduction in the volume of TBI-induced brain lesions in NCF1-knockout mice compared to controls.

Intravenous Alteplase Versus Best Medical Therapy for Patients With Minor Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The efficacy of thrombolysis (IVT) in minor stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 0-5) remains inconclusive. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness and safety of IVT with best medical therapy (BMT) by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies.

Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to obtain articles related to IVT in minor stroke from inception until August 10, 2023.

Effect of physical activity on risk of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of twenty-nine prospective cohort studies.

Objective: Physical activity (PA) is beneficial in reductions of all-cause mortality and dementia. However, whether Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk is modified by PA remains disputable. This meta-analysis aims to disclose the underlying relationship between PA and incident AD.

Blockade of CCR5 suppresses paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathic pain caused by increased deoxycholic acid.

Paclitaxel leads to peripheral neuropathy (paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy [PIPN]) in approximately 50% of cancer patients. At present, there are no effective treatment strategies for PIPN, the mechanisms of which also remain unclear. In this study, we performed microbiome and metabolome analysis of feces and serum from breast cancer patients with different PIPN grades due to paclitaxel treatment.

Poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase 1 and parthanatos in neurological diseases: From pathogenesis to therapeutic opportunities.

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is the most extensively studied member of the PARP superfamily, with its primary function being the facilitation of DNA damage repair processes. Parthanatos is a type of regulated cell death cascade initiated by PARP-1 hyperactivation, which involves multiple subroutines, including the accumulation of ADP-ribose polymers (PAR), binding of PAR and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), release of AIF from the mitochondria, the translocation of the AIF/macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) complex, and massive MIF-mediated DNA fragmentation. Over the past few decades, the role of PARP-1 in central nervous system health and disease has received increasing attention.

Single-Cell Mapping of Brain Myeloid Cell Subsets Reveals Key Transcriptomic Changes Favoring Neuroplasticity after Ischemic Stroke.

Interactions between brain-resident and peripheral infiltrated immune cells are thought to contribute to neuroplasticity after cerebral ischemia. However, conventional bulk sequencing makes it challenging to depict this complex immune network. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we mapped compositional and transcriptional features of peri-infarct immune cells.

New innovations and educational process in undergraduate neurology education in blended learning.

Many undergraduate students suffer from 'neurophobia,' which refers to a lack of knowledge or confidence in neurology, and this can influence their career choices. Various measures have been taken to address this issue, including the implementation of new technologies and methodologies. Significant advancements have been made in the development of blended learning, and the integration of student-centered learning modules, multimedia, and web-based devices has become a common teaching approach.

Long-term modification of gut microbiota by broad-spectrum antibiotics improves stroke outcome in rats.

Background: The brain-gut axis is a major regulator of the central nervous system. We investigated the effects of treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics on gut and brain inflammation, infarct size and long-term behavioral outcome after cerebral ischemia in rats.

Methods: Rats were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics (ampicillin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, meropenem and metronidazole) for 4 weeks before the endothelin-1 induced ischemia.

Down-Regulation of Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 Involved in Alzheimer's Disease via MAPK, Ras, and FoxO Signaling Pathways.

The inability to halt or even delay the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD) forces the development of new molecular signatures and therapeutic strategies. Insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a promising target for AD treatment, yet exact mechanisms of AD ascribed to IGF1 remain elusive. Herein, gene expression profiles of 195 samples were analyzed and 19,245 background genes were generated, among which 4,424 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were overlapped between AD/control and IGF1-low/high groups.

Molecular Signatures of Mitochondrial Complexes Involved in Alzheimer's Disease via Oxidative Phosphorylation and Retrograde Endocannabinoid Signaling Pathways.

Objective: The inability to intervene in Alzheimer's disease (AD) forces the search for promising gene-targeted therapies. This study was aimed at exploring molecular signatures and mechanistic pathways to improve the diagnosis and treatment of AD.

Methods: Microarray datasets were collected to filter differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AD and nondementia controls.

Crosstalk between peripheral and the brain-resident immune components in epilepsy.

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurology diseases. It is characterized by recurrent, spontaneous seizures and accompanied by various comorbidities which can significantly affect a person's life. Accumulating evidence indicates an essential pathophysiological role for neuroinflammation in epilepsy, which involves activation of microglia and astrocytes, recruitment of peripheral leukocytes into the central nervous system, and release of some inflammatory mediators, including pro-inflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Cross-Talking Pathways of Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1) Are Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease and Huntington's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Huntington's disease (HD) are destructive worldwide diseases. Efforts have been made to elucidate the process of these two diseases, yet the pathogenesis remains elusive as it involves a combination of multiple factors, including genetic and environmental ones. To explore the potential role of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) in the development of AD and HD, we identified 1,853 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from 19,414 background genes in both the AD&HD/control and FOXO1-low/high groups.

Exploring the potential biomarkers for prognosis of glioblastoma via weighted gene co-expression network analysis.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant tumor in the central system with a poor prognosis. Due to the complexity of its molecular mechanism, the recurrence rate and mortality rate of GBM patients are still high. Therefore, there is an urgent need to screen GBM biomarkers to prove the therapeutic effect and improve the prognosis.

Downregulation of PIK3CB Involved in Alzheimer's Disease via Apoptosis, Axon Guidance, and FoxO Signaling Pathway.

Objective: To investigate the molecular function of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta (PIK3CB) underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: RNA sequencing data were used to filtrate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in AD/nondementia control and PIK3CB-low/high groups. An unbiased coexpression network was established to evaluate module-trait relationships by using weight gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA).

Integrative genomic analysis of PPP3R1 in Alzheimer's disease: a potential biomarker for predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach.

Unlabelled: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with abnormal calcium signaling, a pathway regulated by the calcium-dependent protein phosphatase. This study aimed to investigate the molecular function of protein phosphatase 3 regulatory subunit B (PPP3R1) underlying AD, which may provide novel insights for the predictive diagnostics, targeted prevention, and personalization of medical services in AD by targeting PPP3R1. A total of 1860 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from 13,049 background genes were overlapped in AD/control and PPP3R1-low/high cohorts.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome-Like Polyneuropathy Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review of 33 Cases.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been increasingly used in the treatment of various types of tumors with favorable results. But these treatments also led to a variety of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Neurological irAEs such as Guillain-Barré Syndrome are rare and may have serious consequences once they occur.

Integrative Functional Genomic Analysis of Molecular Signatures and Mechanistic Pathways in the Cell Cycle Underlying Alzheimer's Disease.

Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with cell cycle reentry of mature neurons that subsequently undergo degeneration. This study is aimed to identify key regulators of the cell cycle and their underlying pathways for developing optimal treatment of AD.

Methods: RNA sequencing data were profiled to screen for differentially expressed genes in the cell cycle.

Ketogenic diet prevents paclitaxel-induced neuropathic nociception through activation of PPARγ signalling pathway and inhibition of neuroinflammation in rat dorsal root ganglion.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common side effect during the course of cancer treatment, which is mainly manifested as a series of sensory abnormalities. At present, there are no recommended prevention or treatment strategies, and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The ketogenic diet (KD), a special diet that is high in fat and low in carbohydrate intake, shows good therapeutic potential in children with epilepsy.