Chemical origin of effective functionalization of single atom-MXene catalysts.

The chemical and atomic structures of Cu-, Ni-, or CuNi-embedded MXene (TiCT , T = O or OH) nanosheet catalysts are examined by using various characterization methods to demonstrate the chemical origin of their composition-dependent evolution. The results of combined X-ray spectroscopy studies and the electrochemical test reveal that Cu ions in (Cu or CuNi):MXene remain active having a +1 valence and form metallic Cu-Cu bonds to enhance the catalytic activity for nitrate reduction. By contrast, Ni ions in (Ni or CuNi):MXene tend to remain bound to O as in NiO staying inactive, and, furthermore, hinder the catalytic activity of Cu when co-doped on MXene.

Health status of landscaping trees in different habitats in Beijing, China.

The health of urban trees is jointly influenced by species-specific environmental adaptability and habitat heterogeneity, posing severe challenges for management. We investigated landscaping trees in Beijing, established a five-tier health evaluation system (healthy, sub-healthy, unhealthy, severe decline, and moribund) comprising 14 indicators. Then, we analyzed current health status and the influence of six typical habitats: dense forest, sparse forest, tree belt, tree pond, waterside, and buildingside.

HO-1 Suppression by Co-Culture-Derived IL-6 Alleviates Ferritinophagy-Dependent Oxidative Stress to Potentiate Myogenic Differentiation.

Fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells (FAPs) support muscle tissue homeostasis, regulate muscle growth, injury repair, and fibrosis, and activate muscle progenitor cell differentiation to promote regeneration. We aimed to investigate the effects of co-culturing FAPs with muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) on myogenic differentiation. Proteomic profiling of co-culture supernatants identified significant DCX, IMP2A, NUDT16L1, SLC38A2, and IL-6 upregulation.

Cannabinoid Receptors CB1 and CB2 Activation Restores Hippocampal Lipid Profiles and Alleviates Autism-Like Behaviors in Valproic Acid-Induced ASD Rats.

Objective: Emerging evidence suggests lipid metabolism dysregulation contributes to autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with the endocannabinoid system (cannabinoid receptors CB1R/CB2R) implicated in lipid homeostasis. This study investigated whether CB1R/CB2R activation improves hippocampal lipid metabolism and ASD-like behaviors in a valproic acid (VPA)-induced ASD rat model.

Methods: Male offspring from dams exposed to VPA (600 mg/kg, i.

The impact of family environment on social avoidance in adolescents with depressive disorders: a chain mediation model involving basic psychological needs and core self-evaluations.

Background: Social avoidance is a critical barrier to functional recovery among adolescents with depressive disorders. Although family environment is recognized as a key contextual factor, the psychological mechanisms linking family environment to social avoidance remain unclear. This study investigated the chain mediating roles of basic psychological needs and core self-evaluations in this relationship.

[2.2]Paracyclophane-Substituted Triarylboranes Featuring Temperature-Sensitive Dual Fluorescence and Circularly Polarized Luminescence.

New types of triarylborane compounds , ,, and ,, containing one to three ()-4-dimethylamino [2.2]paracyclophane units at different phenyl rings of triarylborane were disclosed. These molecules exhibited obvious well-separated temperature-sensitive dual fluorescence characteristics in THF, which is promising and challenging for small organic luminescent molecules.

miRNA-182-5p promotes myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells via the suppression of ZBTB7A.

Introduction: Skeletal muscle possesses a significant regenerative capacity, which is largely mediated by myogenic satellite stem cells. MicroRNAs are known regulators of muscle development. miR-182-5p plays important roles in cell proliferation and migration in various cell types and pathologies.

Preparation of glycine-pectin complex and its application in drug delivery system.

The side chain modification of apple pectin was carried out to enhance its usablitity as a drug carrier. During the sequential drug release, indomethacin released with very low rate in the early two hours in artificial gastric juice, and then it released with much higher rate in the next six hours in artificial intestinal juice. Among all the tested samples, glycine-pectin complex showed the highest difference between the amount of cumulative drug release in artificial gastric juice and artificial intestinal juice.

Heat shock proteins in atrial fibrillation: from bench to bedside.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common age-related arrhythmia in clinic, affecting millions of people around the world, and is closely related to heart failure, ischemic stroke and other diseases. In addition, AF is progressive in nature and represents a significant global health burden. However, the current treatment plans are mainly symptomatic, the efficacy in preventing atrial fibrillation is limited.

Sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged mice mediated by HDAC8-dependent suppression of adult hippocampal neurogenesis via the pCREB/BDNF pathway.

Sevoflurane is a widely used anesthetic in elderly patients and has been linked to postoperative cognitive dysfunction; however, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Inhibition of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and epigenetic alterations, particularly via histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8), have emerged as potential contributors to these deficits. Using young and aged C57BL/6 J male mice exposed to varying sevoflurane concentrations, we evaluated cognitive function and AHN.

Interpretable machine learning analysis of environmental characteristics on bacillary dysentery in Sichuan Province.

Background: Bacterial dysentery (BD) is a leading cause of diarrhea-related mortality globally, with its incidence heavily influenced by environmental factors. However, a climate zone-specific predictive model for BD was currently lacking in Sichuan Province.

Objective: This study aims to employ interpretable machine learning to explore the influence of environmental factors on BD incidence across different climate zones and to elucidate their interaction mechanisms.

Bismuth sulfide-titania heterostructure used for photothermal amplified sonodynamic therapy against hypoxic tumor.

Hypoxia and electron-hole recombination are two obstacles limiting sonodynamic therapeutic efficacy against cancer. Herein, bismuth sulfide (BiS)-titania (TiO) heterostructure is designed based on the excellent photothermal property of BiS, which could improve intratumor oxygen content through increasing blood flow with the help of near infrared light. BiS-TiO heterostructure nanoparticles (NPs) present similar photothermal performance to BiS NPs, while BiS-TiO NPs show higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating ability than BiS NPs under ultrasonic irradiation.

Reduction of Radiation Dose and Contrast Medium Volume in Photon-Counting Detector Computed Tomography Head and Neck Angiography: A Comparison to Energy-Integrating Detector Computed Tomography.

Rationale And Objectives: This study evaluated the image quality of photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) for head and neck vascular imaging using the "Quadruple Low" strategy (ultra-low contrast dose, low contrast concentration, low injection rate, and low radiation dose). The results were compared with those from conventional energy-integrating detector computed tomography (EID-CT) performed using routine scanning parameters.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 50 patients with cerebrovascular disease who underwent EID-CT with a standard contrast protocol (contrast dose: body weight × 0.

Epigenetic factors associated with peri-implantitis: a review.

Peri-implant diseases are characterized by the resorption of hard tissue and the inflammation of soft tissue. Epigenetics refers to alterations in the expression of genes that are not encoded in the DNA sequence, influencing diverse physiological activities, including immune response, inflammation, and bone metabolism. Epigenetic modifications can lead to tissue-specific gene expression variations among individuals and may initiate or exacerbate inflammation and disease predisposition.

CD142-positive synovial fibroblasts drive meniscus destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.

Previous evidence suggest bone and cartilage damage is the main pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis joint destruction. However, the role of meniscus usually has not been thoroughly explored. Here, we identify CD142 synovial fibroblasts as a subset located at sublining layer in normal and osteoarthritis synovium, which is increased and distributed at lining layer in rheumatoid arthritis synovium.

Disruption of ARID1B Recruitment to the Nuclear Pore Complex as a New Anticancer Therapeutic Strategy.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive subtype, currently lacks potent targeted therapies. ARID1B, a key SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex subunit, is linked to high-grade malignancies and poor prognosis, making it a potential biomarker and therapeutic target. However, its function and regulation remain unclear.

Hydrophobic interaction between nanoplastics and surfactant antagonistically shielding the toxicity of surfactant to syntrophic methanogenesis.

Surfactants and nanoplastics are emerging contaminants in organic wastewater. Although the influences of surfactants on the anaerobic digestion of organic wastewater were widely investigated and confirmed, the regulation of co-existed surfactants and nanoplastics on syntrophic methanogenesis was not clear. This study explored the inhibitory mechanism of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant on syntrophic methanogenesis and deciphered how polypropylene (PP) nanoplastics regulating this inhibition.

Microglia replacement halts the progression of microgliopathy in mice and humans.

Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor () is primarily expressed in microglia. Its monoallelic mutation causes CSF1R-associated microgliopathy (CAMP), a major form of adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) and a fatal neurological disease without clinical cure. We developed mouse models harboring human hotspot mutations of CAMP and replaced CSF1R-deficient microglia with CSF1R-normal cells through microglia replacement by bone marrow transplantation (Mr BMT), which attenuated pathology in mice.

Clinical value of the 70-kVp ultra-low-dose CT pulmonary angiography with deep learning image reconstruction.

Objective: This study aims to assess the feasibility of "double-low," low radiation dosage and low contrast media dosage, CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) based on deep-learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithms.

Materials And Methods: One hundred consecutive patients (41 females; average age 60.9 years, range 18-90) were prospectively scanned on multi-detector CT systems.

Molecular characteristics and functional differentiation of two IL-10 genes in barbel chub Squaliobarbus curriculus.

Interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, plays crucial roles in balancing excessive inflammation in fish during infectious diseases. In this study, we identified two IL-10 gene copies in barbel chub (Squaliobarbus curriculus), designated as ScIL-10A and ScIL-10B. Gene collinearity analysis revealed that ScIL-10A and ScIL-10B were located on different chromosomes, and only ScIL-10A shared a conserved gene block with IL-10s from other vertebrates.

Harnessing Immunomodulation: How Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials Orchestrate Bone Regeneration.

The immune system and biomaterials exhibit a well-documented synergistic interplay, essential for bone defect healing. Calcium phosphate (CaP) biomaterials, notably hydroxyapatite, β-tricalcium phosphate, and biphasic calcium phosphate, are widely employed as bone substitutes due to their inherent osteoconductivity. A key challenge for synthetic CaPs is augmenting their osteoinductive potential.

Postoperative loss of perineuronal nets in the hippocampal CA1 region results in memory consolidation deficits.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common postoperative neurological complication, with memory consolidation deficits being one of its prominent features. However, the mechanisms underlying postoperative memory consolidation deficits are still unclear. The perineuronal net (PNN) is a specialized extracellular matrix that predominantly surrounds parvalbumin (PV) interneurons and is closely associated with cognitive functions, including learning and memory.

The RING-type E3 ligase ATL72 positively regulates leaf senescence by monoubiquitinating the phosphatase SSPP to impair its dephosphorylation activity in Arabidopsis.

Posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as ubiquitination and phosphorylation, regulate diverse cellular processes. Whereas individual contributions of PTMs to leaf senescence have been well documented, their crosstalk remains largely unexplored. In this study, we identified Arabidopsis To'xicos en Levadura 72 (ATL72), a RING-type E3 ligase, as a positive regulator of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis.

Morphological and phylogenetic analysis reveal three new species (Phyllostictaceae, Botryosphaeriales) in China.

(Phyllostictaceae, Botryosphaeriales) species have been reported worldwide and collected from various plant hosts. We proposed three new species, viz., , , and , based on multi-locus phylogenetic analysis using a combined dataset of ITS rDNA, LSU, , ACT, and GPDH, along with morphological characteristics.

Exploring the Lipid-Reducing Potential of Elsholtzia bodinieri Vaniot Essential Oil: Implications for HepG2 Cells and the Caenorhabditis elegans Obesity Models.

Elsholtzia bodinieri Vaniot, a medicinal and edible plant native to Yunnan, China, was investigated for its lipid-reducing effects in this study. The essential oil of E. bodinieri Vaniot (EBVEO) demonstrated a significant reduction in lipid droplets, intracellular triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels in HepG2 lipid-accumulating cells.