Effects of Glycosylation of Different Oligosaccharides on Structure and Film-Forming Properties of Soy Protein Isolate.

In this study, the performance of soy protein isolate (SPI) films was improved by glycosylation modification to provide a sustainable alternative for food packaging. We systematically explored the effects of different oligosaccharides on the physicochemical properties of SPI films. The experimental results showed that glycosylation significantly enhanced the mechanical strength of the film, with the tensile strength increasing from 1.

Comprehensive landscape of cell death mechanisms: from molecular cross-talk to therapeutic innovation in oncology.

Cell death, or programmed cellular termination, represents a fundamental biological phenomenon crucial for maintaining organismal homeostasis. Traditionally conceptualized as a passive terminal state associated with inflammatory responses and elimination of compromised cells, contemporary research has unveiled cell death as a sophisticated regulatory network encompassing diverse modalities, including apoptosis, necrosis, autophagic cell death, and lysosomal cell death, which are classified as programmed cell death, and pyroptosis, necroptosis, and NETosis, which are classified as inflammatory cell death, have been described over the years. Recently, several novel forms of cell death, namely, mitoptosis, paraptosis, immunogenic cell death, entosis, methuosis, parthanatos, ferroptosis, autosis, alkaliptosis, oxeiptosis, cuproptosis, erebosis and disulfidptosis, have been discovered and advanced our understanding of cell death and its complexity.

Reduction of Radiation Dose and Contrast Medium Volume in Photon-Counting Detector Computed Tomography Head and Neck Angiography: A Comparison to Energy-Integrating Detector Computed Tomography.

Rationale And Objectives: This study evaluated the image quality of photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) for head and neck vascular imaging using the "Quadruple Low" strategy (ultra-low contrast dose, low contrast concentration, low injection rate, and low radiation dose). The results were compared with those from conventional energy-integrating detector computed tomography (EID-CT) performed using routine scanning parameters.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 50 patients with cerebrovascular disease who underwent EID-CT with a standard contrast protocol (contrast dose: body weight × 0.

Regulation of anti-tumour effects of Paris polyphylla saponins via ROS: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potentials.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exhibit a dual regulatory role in cancer biology. While moderate ROS levels promote tumorigenesis via DNA mutagenesis, excessive ROS accumulation induces cancer cell death through oxidative stress. Therefore, ROS homeostasis represents a promising therapeutic target in oncology.

Dynamic analysis of stochastic modeling of tumor-macrophage interactions incorporating multiplicative and additive noises.

In this study, we investigate the dynamic mechanisms of tumor progression in response to fluctuations and uncertainties within the tumor-immune microenvironment. Utilizing temporal single-cell data, we develop a novel stochastic reaction-convection model that captures the spatiotemporal dynamics of macrophage responses to tumor cells subjected to both multiplicative and additive noise generated by non-homologous microenvironmental fluctuations. We prove the existence and uniqueness of a global positive solution for the proposed stochastic model.

Clinical value of the 70-kVp ultra-low-dose CT pulmonary angiography with deep learning image reconstruction.

Objective: This study aims to assess the feasibility of "double-low," low radiation dosage and low contrast media dosage, CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) based on deep-learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithms.

Materials And Methods: One hundred consecutive patients (41 females; average age 60.9 years, range 18-90) were prospectively scanned on multi-detector CT systems.

Down-regulation of neuregulin2 (NRG2) following spinal cord injury in C57BL/6 mice: Its implications in therapeutic potential.

Objectives: This study aims to elucidate the alterations in neuregulin 2 (NRG2) and its receptor ErbB4 following spinal cord injury (SCI), as well as to investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of NRG2 in neurons.

Materials And Methods: Dataset GSE93561 was analyzed to verify the changes of NRG2-ErbB4 signaling pathway in mice following SCI. The levels of Iba-1 and NRG2 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and NRG2 and pErbB4 protein levels were detected by western blot.

Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide at Industrial-Level Current Density in Flow-Cell System: Interfacial Microenvironment Regulation and Catalyst Design.

Electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide via two-electron oxygen reduction (2e ORR) provides a green, sustainable, and cost-effective alternative to anthraquinone processes. However, scaling up from laboratory evaluations to practical applications remains challenging. Herein, an interfacial microenvironment regulation strategy using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide cationic surfactant is reported to boost the hydrogen peroxide (HO) production rate of commercial carbon black catalysts in alkaline flow-cell reactors.

Patient-tailored versus fixed post-trigger delay for optimized scan timing: a comparison of image quality and diagnostic confidence in run-off CT angiography.

Objectives: This study aimed to validate bolus tracking using a patient-tailored post-trigger delay (PTD) in run-off computed tomography angiography (CTA) and to compare the resulting image quality and diagnostic confidence with those obtained using a fixed PTD.

Materials And Methods: Participants were prospectively assigned to either fixed (10 s) or patient-tailored cohorts. We measured attenuation, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for each vascular segment.

Renal expression and clinical significance of Bach1-related oxidative stress indicators in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis.

Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and diabetic kidney disease are the primary causes of chronic kidney disease in China. Oxidative stress participates in both the glomerular damage and tubular injury of glomerular diseases. In this study, we evaluated the renal expression and clinical significance of Bach1-associated oxidative stress markers in IgA nephropathy (IgAN), membranous nephropathy (MN) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) using immunohistochemical staining.

Single molecular profile of proteins sensing by nanopore technology.

The characterization of biological macromolecules such as proteins and their interactions are crucial to understanding biological processes, disease diagnosis, and drug design. With the rapid development of proteomics, nanopore technology has emerged potentially as a single-molecule profile for huge amounts of peptides and proteins defined in the biological system, particularly for protein sequencing. This review focuses on recent advances in nanopore sensing of proteins and peptides, involving protein dynamic interactions, protein fingerprinting, and protein sequencing.

Advanced deep learning for multi-class colorectal cancer histopathology: integrating transfer learning and ensemble methods.

Background: Cancer is a major global health threat, constantly endangering people's well-being and lives. The application of deep learning in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer can improve early detection rates, thereby significantly reducing the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer patients. Our study aims to optimize the performance of deep learning model in the classification of colorectal cancer histopathological images to assist pathologists in improving diagnostic accuracy.

Optimized contrast enhancement and homogeneity in aortic CT angiography: bolus tracking with personalized post-trigger delay.

Background: The bolus tracking technique has been used for decades, yet still faces the challenging task of determining the optimal scanning time for individuals. Our study aimed to assess the feasibility of a novel bolus tracking method with a personalized post-trigger delay (PTD) to optimize scanning time and achieve optimized enhancement and contrast homogeneity in aortic computed tomography angiography (CTA).

Methods: Participants undergoing aortic CTA with bolus tracking were prospectively assigned to two different groups: Group A with a fixed 6-second PTD and Group B with a personalized PTD.

Assessing the ecological effects of the World's Largest Forestry Eco-engineering: Three-North Protective Forest Program within the initially scheduled range from 1978 to 2022.

China's Three-North Protective Forest Program (TNP) is the world's most ambitious afforestation project (ongoing from 1978 to 2050), which aims to increase forest coverage through afforestation and reforestation, protect agriculture, reduce soil erosion, and control desertification. Although TNP has been ongoing for 45 years, its rationales and effects remain uncertain. Here, we conducted a range-wide assessment of TNP by analyzing data from >10,000 scenes of satellite images and >50,000 field survey plots.

Feasibility of Ultra-low Radiation and Contrast Medium Dosage in Aortic CTA Using Deep Learning Reconstruction at 60 kVp: An Image Quality Assessment.

Objective: To assess the viability of using ultra-low radiation and contrast medium (CM) dosage in aortic computed tomography angiography (CTA) through the application of low tube voltage (60kVp) and a novel deep learning image reconstruction algorithm (ClearInfinity, DLIR-CI).

Methods: Iodine attenuation curves obtained from a phantom study informed the administration of CM protocols. Non-obese participants undergoing aortic CTA were prospectively allocated into two groups and then obtained three reconstruction groups.

Research progress in mechanism of anticancer action of shikonin targeting reactive oxygen species.

Excessive buildup of highly reactive molecules can occur due to the generation and dysregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their associated signaling pathways. ROS have a dual function in cancer development, either leading to DNA mutations that promote the growth and dissemination of cancer cells, or triggering the death of cancer cells. Cancer cells strategically balance their fate by modulating ROS levels, activating pro-cancer signaling pathways, and suppressing antioxidant defenses.

Selective electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 5-formyl-furan-2-formic acid on non-metallic polyaniline catalysts: structure-function relationships.

The biomass-derived HMF oxidation reaction (HMFOR) holds great promise for sustainable production of fine chemicals. However, selective electrooxidation of HMF to high value-added intermediate product 5-formyl-furan-2-formic acid (FFCA) is still challenging. Herein, we report the electrocatalytic HMFOR to selectively produce FFCA using carbon paper (CP) supported polyaniline (PANI) as a catalyst.

Feasibility Analysis of Individualized Low Flow Rate Abdominal Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography in Chemotherapy Patients: Dual-Source Computed Tomography With Low Tube Voltage.

Purpose: The aim of the study is to investigate the feasibility of using dual-source computed tomography (CT) combined with low flow rate and low tube voltage for postchemotherapy image assessment in cancer patients.

Methods: Ninety patients undergoing contrast-enhanced CT scans of the upper abdomen were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to groups A, B, and C (n = 30 each). In group A, patients underwent scans at 120 kVp with 448 mgI/kg.

Nanomaterials Boost CAR-T Therapy for Solid Tumors.

T cell engineering, particularly via chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modifications for enhancing tumor specificity, has shown efficacy in treating hematologic malignancies. The extension of CAR-T cell therapy to solid tumors, however, is impeded by several challenges: The absence of tumor-specific antigens, antigen heterogeneity, a complex immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and physical barriers to cell infiltration. Additionally, limitations in CAR-T cell manufacturing capacity and the high costs associated with these therapies restrict their widespread application.

The relationship between nature exposure and depression among Chinese prisoners: a moderated mediation model.

Aim: This study examined the association between self-reported nature exposure and depression among Chinese prisoners, as well as the mediating and moderating effects of meaning in life and callous-unemotional (CU) traits, respectively.

Background: Prisoners are more likely to experience depression than any other mental illness. Exposure to nature has been proposed as a highly cost-effective method of treating their depressive symptoms.

Unleashing the power of immune checkpoints: Post-translational modification of novel molecules and clinical applications.

Immune checkpoint molecules play a pivotal role in the initiation, regulation, and termination of immune responses. Tumor cells exploit these checkpoints to dampen immune cell function, facilitating immune evasion. Clinical interventions target this mechanism by obstructing the binding of immune checkpoints to their ligands, thereby restoring the anti-tumor capabilities of immune cells.

Wearable Magnetoelectric Stimulation for Chronic Wound Healing by Electrospun CoFeO@CTAB/PVDF Dressings.

Magnetoelectric stimulation is a promising therapy for various disorders due to its high efficacy and safety. To explore its potential in chronic skin wound treatment, we developed a magnetoelectric dressing, CFO@CTAB/PVDF (CCP), by electrospinning cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-modified CoFeO (CFO) particles with polyvinylidene fluoride. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) serves as a dispersion surfactant for CFO, with its quaternary ammonium cations imparting antibacterial and hydrophilic properties to the dressing.

SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization by Cell Membrane-Coated Antifouling Nanoparticles.

The global outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has indisputably wreaked havoc on societies worldwide, compelling the scientific community to seek urgently needed therapeutic agents with low-cost and low-side effect profiles. Numerous approaches have been investigated in the quest to prevent or treat COVID-19, but many of them exhibit unwelcome side effects, such as dysfunctional viral immune responses and inflammation. Herein, we present the preparation of solid natural human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (ATII) membrane-coated PLGA NPs (PLGA NPs@ATII-M), which demonstrate remarkable affinity and competitiveness to neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein-coated NPs (SCMMA NPs-S1), which are employed as a surrogate for coronavirus particles.