Association between female reproductive factors and new-onset pancreatic cancer risk: a prospective cohort study.

The link between female reproductive factors and pancreatic cancer risk is unclear. This study examined these associations in a large prospective cohort and explored potential modification by genetic susceptibility. We analyzed data from 196 563 women in the UK Biobank using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.

Comparing high-oleic and low-oleic oils for fat-reduced plant-based whipped creams: Interfacial protein adsorption mediated by kidney bean protein microgels.

This study investigated the influence of oil fatty acid profile (high-oleic vs. low-oleic sunflower oils, HOA vs. LOA) and oil phase volume fraction on the formation, stability, and functional performance of kidney bean protein microgel-stabilized Pickering emulsions and plant-based whipped creams.

Nonvolatile PCM-driven photonic computing using programmable sub-wavelength digital metasurfaces.

We present a programmable nonvolatile convolutional core based on sub-wavelength phase-change digital meta-surfaces, designed to enable energy-efficient and scalable optical computing. Utilizing sub-wavelength SbSe cylindrical arrays, the kernel achieves enhanced weight distinguishability, reduced insertion loss, and fine-tuned multi-level reconfigurability, addressing the requirements of optical neural networks (ONNs). Experimental results further demonstrate a weight range from 0.

Calcium overload via PVT1 reprograms neutrophil fate and constrains gastric cancer progression.

Background: The aberrant upregulation of PVT1 in gastric cancer (GC) has emerged as a critical molecular marker, while its mechanism of remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME) through metabolic regulation remains unclear. This study aims to unveil the novel mechanism by which PVT1 regulates the fate determination of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) via the calcium signaling pathway.

Methods: Clinical analysis of 90 GC cases revealed a correlation between PVT1 expression and neutrophil infiltration in tumor tissues.

Structural-Functional Characterization and Bioactive Potential of Alternative Grain Proteins: An In-Depth Comparison of Quinoa and Oat Proteins Isolates.

The growing preference for plant-based proteins has led to increased interest in quinoa and oat as vital sources of plant-derived proteins. This study conducted a comprehensive characterization of two quinoa protein isolates (QJP1 and QJP3) and two oat protein isolates (OBP3 and OPP4). Results showed that quinoa protein, particularly QJP1, was found to be rich in lysine and, compared with oat protein isolates, exhibited potent antioxidant properties, making it an ideal choice for vegetarians, vegans, and the elderly who require plant-based sources of essential amino acids and antioxidants.

Functional Analysis of Zinc Finger Protein Transcription Factor Under Low-Temperature Stress at Maize Seedling Stage.

Maize ( L.) seedlings are highly susceptible to low-temperature stress, which significantly impacts maize yield and quality. A zinc finger protein transcription factor () mutant and a control (B73) maize inbred line were subjected to low-temperature treatment, and changes in the phenotypic characteristics, hormone levels, and other indicators before and after the treatment were systematically identified.

Electrospinning Superhydrophobic Flexible Wearable Sensor of CPU@MXene@SiO with High Sensing Sensitivity.

Flexible wearable sensors have garnered significant attention for their potential applications in electronic skins, health monitoring, and smart devices. However, current flexible sensors often suffer from limitations, such as low sensitivity and inadequate resistance to mechanical and chemical degradation. To address these issues, this study presents a CPU@MXene@SiO superhydrophobic flexible sensor fabricated using a combination of electrospinning and dip-coating techniques.

Wearable Double Network Plasmonic Hydrogel for SERS Detection of Urea and Uric Acid in Sweat.

Traditional wearable devices for sweat detection often face limitations such as low detection sensitivity, insufficient mechanical properties, and discomfort during use. To address these challenges, hydrogels are utilized as sensor patches to improve skin sensor contact and combined with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to enable rapid and sensitive analysis of biomarkers in sweat. In this study, a mechanically flexible, rapid, and ultrasensitive wearable plasmonic double network (PDN) hydrogel sensor utilizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in situ was developed to detect the SERS spectra of urea and uric acid in synthetic sweat.

Correlation Between Blood Glucose Variability Indices Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Gestational Diabetes Patients and Abnormal Glucose Levels 42 Days Postpartum.

This study was aimed at analyzing the impact of blood glucose variability (GV) in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients on glucose outcomes 42 days postpartum and pregnancy outcomes. Additionally, it explored differences between various GV indices and evaluated their predictive values. This retrospective study included 75 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM.

UniMRE: a unified framework for zero-shot medicial relation extraction with large language models.

Medical relation extraction aims to extract pairs of entities and their corresponding relations from unstructured text, which faces the challenge of a scarcity of labeled data. Zero-shot relation extraction can extract new relations not observed during training and alleviate the problem of scarce medical data. However, existing zero-shot relation extraction methods use semantic similarity matching with limited domain representation capability.

Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharides combined with hesperidin exerted the synergistic effect of relieving ulcerative colitis in mice by modulating PI3K/AKT and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with a complex etiology, characterized by intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction. Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharides (PGP), the primary component of Platycodon grandiflorus, and hesperidin (Hesp), a prominent active component in Citrus aurantium L. (CAL), have both demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties.

Distance Measurement and Data Analysis for Civil Aviation at 1000 Frames per Second Using Single-Photon Detection Technology.

During high-speed maneuvers, aircraft experience rapid distance changes, necessitating high-frame-rate ranging for accurate characterization. However, existing optical ranging technologies often lack simplicity, affordability, and sufficient frame rates. While dual-station triangulation enables high-frame-rate distance calculation via geometry, it suffers from complex and costly deployment.

Fueling IgA-Dominated Humoral Immunity with an Intranasal Hybrid Tumor Vaccine to Opsonize and Strike Epithelial Breast Cancer.

Humoral immunity-cancer crosstalk has gained attention recently owing to its impact on tumor immune responses and therapy responsiveness. Here, it is shown that epithelial breast cancer cells can directly bind with non-antigen-specific IgA, dependent on polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR)-mediated transcytosis function, modulating tumoral inflammatory genes and sensitizing antitumor response. To harness this biology, a hybrid tumor vaccine is designed by covering the adjuvant-loaded cancer cell vesicles with a calcium phosphate shell, which retains the antigen information of the original tumor cells and exhibits robust mucosal adhesion in nasal tissues.

Decomposition-reconstruction-optimization framework for hog price forecasting: Integrating STL, PCA, and BWO-optimized BiLSTM.

This study constructs a multi-stage hybrid forecasting model using hog price time series data and its influencing factors to improve prediction accuracy. First, seven benchmark models including Prophet, ARIMA, and LSTM were applied to raw price series, where results demonstrated that deep learning models significantly outperformed traditional methods. Subsequently, STL decomposition decoupled the series into trend, seasonal, and residual components for component-specific modeling, achieving a 22.

Prognostic value of combining preoperative immune-inflammatory-nutritional index and tumor biomarkers in gastric cancer patients undergoing radical resection.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) patients frequently face the debilitating comorbidity of malignant cachexia, a condition that consistently forecasts a dismal prognosis. Early diagnosis of cachexia and timely prediction of survival outcomes are essential for them. Here, we aimed to construct an immune-inflammatory-nutritional-tumor-marker (IINTM) prognostic score for GC, and further scrutinize its clinical relevance in early forecasting the cachexia.

Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide at Industrial-Level Current Density in Flow-Cell System: Interfacial Microenvironment Regulation and Catalyst Design.

Electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide via two-electron oxygen reduction (2e ORR) provides a green, sustainable, and cost-effective alternative to anthraquinone processes. However, scaling up from laboratory evaluations to practical applications remains challenging. Herein, an interfacial microenvironment regulation strategy using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide cationic surfactant is reported to boost the hydrogen peroxide (HO) production rate of commercial carbon black catalysts in alkaline flow-cell reactors.

The Application of Remote-Controlled High-Definition Capsule Endoscopy in Canine Bladder Examination.

This study investigated the feasibility and potential applications of capsule endoscopy for bladder examination using a canine model. Three adult male Beagle dogs underwent surgical implantation of capsule cystoscopes and were divided into three groups, each group with one Beagle: Group A (Beagle A) remained in a fixed supine position for 8 h, Group B (Beagle B) moved freely for 8 h, and Group C (Beagle C) had manually adjusted positions (prone, supine, squatting) for 20 min each. The implanted capsule endoscopes functioned successfully in all dogs.

Integrating Genetic Diversity and Agronomic Innovations for Climate-Resilient Maize Systems.

Maize is a vital staple crop significantly affected by climate change, necessitating urgent efforts to enhance its resilience. This review analyzes advanced methodologies for maize improvement, focusing on the identification of genetic determinants through QTL mapping, candidate gene mining, and GWAS. We highlight the transformative potential of CRISPR gene editing for identifying key regulators in maize development and the utility of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) for functional genomics.

AHNAK2 confers 5-fluorouracil resistance in colorectal cancer via activation of the AKT/GSK-3β signaling axis.

AHNAK nucleoprotein 2 (AHNAK2) is implicated in tumor progression and survival signaling, yet its role in chemotherapy resistance, particularly in colorectal cancer (CRC), remains under investigation. In the present study, the GEPIA database and Kaplan-Meier Plotter database were employed to uncover the correlation between high AHNAK2 expression and unfavorable prognostic outcomes in CRC patients. The expression of AHNAK2 in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant CRC tissues was validated by immunohistochemical staining, quantitative real-time PCR, and western blot analysis.

Association between inactivated COVID-19 vaccine and semen quality among males recovered from omicron infection: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The protective effects of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2-associated semen impairment remain underexplored. We aimed to investigate the association between BBIBP-CorV vaccination and semen quality in males recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Research Design And Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study included males recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection at a tertiary hospital in Urumqi, China (February-May 2023).

Combined PET and near-infrared fluorescence probe based on lapatinib targeting HER2 for in vivo tumor imaging.

Combination of PET and optical imaging techniques holds significant potential for complete tumor resection to optimize patient outcomes. In this study, we combined two lapatinib-based molecular probes for detecting HER2-overexoression tumors through PET and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging. HER2 receptor had been confirmed to be overexpressed in many types of tumors and had become a specific target for molecular imaging.

Natural Dynamics: Fresh Insight into the Succession of Microplastic-Borne Bacterial Communities along Riverine Courses to the Ocean.

Microplastics (MPs) transport bacteria from rivers to oceans, impacting aquatic ecosystems. In situ incubation, a common method for studying bacterial communities on MPs, cannot reproduce complex and realistic environmental dynamics. Herein, a natural incubation experiment was performed to reproduce the migration of nine different substrates from rivers to the sea and examine the succession of bacterial communities on their surfaces.

PSMA PET/CT for prostate cancer diagnosis: current applications and future directions.

Prostate cancer (PCa) requires improved diagnostic strategies beyond conventional imaging. This review aimed to evaluate the role of prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA PET/CT) in diagnosing advanced PCa. The review analyzed the diagnostic performance of PSMA PET/CT in various clinical contexts, including locoregional staging, extracapsular extension (ECE), seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), pelvic lymph node metastases, distant metastases, and biochemical recurrence (BCR).