Hollow Double-Layered Mesoporous Silica as an Enzyme Immobilization Platform: Enhancing Biocatalytic Efficiency in Docosahexaenoic Acid Phosphatidylcholine-Phosphatidylcholine.

This study reports the synthesis of bifunctional hollow double-layered mesoporous silica (HdlMS) nanoparticles as an effective support for enzyme catalysis. Using a self-template method combined with sol-gel processing, selective etching, and surface modification with alkyl groups and nitrogenous fatty amine groups, we successfully prepared the NH/C-HdlMS carrier. Phospholipase A1 was then immobilized onto this carrier to construct PLA1@NH/C-HdlMS, which was subsequently applied to the synthesis of docosahexaenoic-acid-enriched phosphatidylcholine.

Clinical-radiomics hybrid modeling outperforms conventional models: machine learning enhances stratification of adverse prognostic features in prostate cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to develop MRI-based radiomics machine learning models for predicting adverse pathological prognostic features in prostate cancer and to explore the feasibility of integrating radiomics with clinical characteristics to improve preoperative risk stratification, addressing the limitations of conventional clinical models.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of 137 prostate cancer patients between January 2021 and April 2023 with preoperative MRI and postoperative pathology data was divided into adverse-feature-positive (n=85) and negative (n=52) groups. Regions of interest (ROIs) were delineated on ADC and T2WI sequences, and 31 radiomics features were extracted using PyRadiomics.

Comparing high-oleic and low-oleic oils for fat-reduced plant-based whipped creams: Interfacial protein adsorption mediated by kidney bean protein microgels.

This study investigated the influence of oil fatty acid profile (high-oleic vs. low-oleic sunflower oils, HOA vs. LOA) and oil phase volume fraction on the formation, stability, and functional performance of kidney bean protein microgel-stabilized Pickering emulsions and plant-based whipped creams.

GPT-4 vs. Radiologists: who advances mediastinal tumor classification better across report quality levels? A cohort study.

Background: Accurate mediastinal tumor classification is crucial for treatment planning, but diagnostic performance varies with radiologists' experience and report quality.

Purpose: To evaluate GPT-4's diagnostic accuracy in classifying mediastinal tumors from radiological reports compared to radiologists of different experience levels using radiological reports of varying quality.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 1,494 patients from five tertiary hospitals with mediastinal tumors diagnosed via chest CT and pathology.

Chidamide and cytarabine synergistically treat acute myeloid leukemia: inhibiting ribosome biogenesis via the MYC-RRP9 pathway.

This study explores innovative therapeutic approaches for acute myeloid leukemia by examining the synergistic effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor chidamide in combination with cytarabine. In both in vitro and in vivo models, the drug combination demonstrated significant synergism in combating acute myeloid leukemia. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the combination treatment notably downregulates the MYC signaling pathway.

Facile Fabrication of Robust Hydroelastomers via Synergistic Osmotic Pressure and Metal-Coordination Bonding.

Elastomers are vital for applications demanding flexibility and resilience, yet an inherent trade-off between strength and toughness generally exists in conventional systems. Here, we present a facile strategy to fabricate robust poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-based hydroelastomers by synergizing osmotic pressure and dynamic metal-coordination bonding. In the design, a slightly crosslinked PAA hydrogel is immersed in a concentrated FeCl solution, where external osmotic pressure rapidly dehydrates the network, achieving ultrahigh polymer chain density.

Dihydroartemisinin ameliorates hemarthrosis-induced cartilage degeneration by suppressing chondrocyte senescence via activation of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Background: Joint bleeding (hemarthrosis) is a major manifestation of joint trauma, especially repeated and spontaneous in hemophilia patients. Hemarthrosis has been identified to induce the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and permanent damage in articular cartilage. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a well-known clinical anti-malaria drug with few sides effects therapy, has been reported to possess anti-oxidative activity.

Immunogenicity of monovalent and multivalent subunit vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants in mice with divergent vaccination history.

There are challenges in selecting SARS-CoV-2 vaccine compositions, primarily due to divergent infection or vaccination history and immunological biases toward previous strains. In this study, we evaluated humoral immune responses induced by variant-based monovalent vaccines as booster shots in mice previously vaccinated with an ancestral strain-based vaccine with or without Omicron BA.5 exposure.

High Thermal Conductivity and Biocompatibility Silk Fibroin Hydrogels Filled with CDs@BNOH for Body Surface Cooling.

Efficient passive cooling technologies hold significant potential for applications in heat transfer, thermal conductivity, and energy concentration in high-power devices. However, common high-thermal-conductivity materials often suffer from poor biocompatibility and lack biodegradability, limiting their use in body surface cooling and wearable devices. Consequently, developing thermally conductive materials through green synthesis while ensuring biocompatibility and biodegradability has become a major challenge in body surface cooling.

Complex Alkaloid-Type Polycycles via Aza-Michael/Epoxidation of Indole-7-Carbaldehydes with Vinyl Sulfonium Salts and Alkenyl Thianthrenium Salts.

An efficient synthesis of pyrroloquinolines has been developed via the aza-Michael/epoxidation cascade process in a diastereospecific manner. The domino reaction occurred properly to afford the desired tetracyclic indoles in 50->99% isolated yields. This synthetic protocol displayed especially broad substrate generality with respect to both indole-7-carbaldehydes and vinylsulfonium salts.

Progress in targeting the NLRP3 signaling pathway for inflammatory bowel disease (Review).

Inflammatory caspases pro‑inflammatory cytokines, such as IL‑1β IL‑18, constitute a critical part in the modulation of innate immune responses by the nucleotide‑binding domain leucine‑rich repeat protein (NLRP)3 inflammasome. The NLRP3 inflammasome, a cytosolic complex, is composed of three distinct classes of proteins‑sensor complexes, adaptor proteins, cysteine proteases. It is well‑established that this pathway can powerfully influence the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases along with an association of a plethora of inflammatory conditions.

A novel, rapid, and practical prognostic model for sepsis patients based on dysregulated immune cell lactylation.

Background: Sepsis is a global health burden characterized by high heterogeneity and uncontrolled immune response, with a notable lack of reliable methods for early prognosis and risk stratification. Epigenetic modifications, particularly lactylation, have recently emerged as key regulators in the early pathophysiology of sepsis. However, their potential for immune-related mortality risk stratification remains largely unexplored.

The Mechanism Exploration of Traditional Chinese Medicine's "Different Treatments for Same Disease" Concept in Osteoporosis Therapy: A Serum Metabolomics Study.

The "different treatments for same disease" is an important concept of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy. In TCM, osteoporosis (OP) treatment is aimed at invigorating blood, strengthening spleen, and tonifying kidneys, and their typical herbs are Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Danggui, DG), Poria cocos (Schw.

Myelodysplastic Neoplasms (MDS): Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Prospects.

Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) are a group of hematological malignancies originating from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), characterized by distinct clinical and/or molecular heterogeneity across different MDS subtypes. This review elucidates the pathogenesis of MDS from two main perspectives: the bone marrow microenvironment and recurrent genetic abnormalities. Abnormal bone marrow microenvironment initiates aberrant innate immune response in HSCs, with quantitative and/or functional alterations of immune cells that collectively establish an immunosuppressive microenvironment, and abnormal bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells that support and promote the progression of MDS.

Efficacy and safety of PI3K inhibitors combined with fulvestrant for HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors and fulvestrant in patients with advanced breast cancer (ABC) who are hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-).

Methods: A systematic search was conducted across the PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE databases and major conference websites (ASCO, ESMO, SABCS) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the combination of PI3K inhibitors and fulvestrant in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. Two independent reviewers systematically screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias for the included studies based on predefined criteria.

Multifaceted characteristics of acoustic emission damage and precursor indicators of instability in sandstone under cyclic impact loading.

To address the critical challenges in characterizing the dynamic responses and identifying the instability precursors of sandstone under repetitive impacts, this study establishes a comprehensive experimental framework. Multi-gradient cyclic impact testing (50-160 cm drop heights) was implemented to simultaneously monitor the dynamic mechanical responses and acoustic emission (AE) signals. Through an integrated analysis of the impact mechanical parameters, power-law statistics of the AE absolute energy, damage stage classification, and b-value/S-value correlation, we reveal the intrinsic relationship between the impact rate, damage progression, and instability precursors.

An All-Natural Polymer-based and Bilayer-Integrated Asymmetrical Janus Hydrogel Bioadhesive Patch for Cardiac Repair.

Bioadhesive hydrogels of favorable tribological attributes have attracted intensive attention for their potential usage due to the large benefits they can bring to surgical critical care. We report an all-natural polymer-based and bilayer-integrated asymmetrical Janus hydrogel bioadhesive patch for efficient myocardial infarction (MI) repair. We developed a low-friction polyelectrolyte composite biohydrogel (Bio-PEC hydrogel), CA, using naturally occurring cationic chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC) and anionic sodium hyaluronate (HA).

A systematic calibration transfer and quantification method based on principal components extreme learning machine for near-infrared spectroscopy.

Background: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) is widely used in online monitoring and quality control, due to its fast and non-destructive characteristics. Successful NIR analysis often requires accurate calibration models, relating spectral data to sample properties of interest. However, the same sample has different spectral responses in different instruments, preventing quantitative model established on high-quality instruments being directly applied across instruments.

DiabetesLiver score: A non-invasive algorithm for advanced liver fibrosis and liver-related outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus population.

Background: This study aimed to develop and validate a non-invasive model for screening advanced liver fibrosis and predicting liver-related outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: This study included patients with T2DM from five tertiary hospitals for the development and internal validation of a non-invasive model. Advanced liver fibrosis was defined as a liver stiffness measurement ≥12 kPa.

Safety evaluation after LASIK surgery based on the linear creep property: a finite element analysis.

Aim: To investigate the effect of the percent tissue altered (PTA) on the safety after laser-assisted keratomileusis (LASIK) based on linear creep characteristics.

Methods: The linear creep characteristics of the cornea were characterized by the generalized Kelvin-Voigt constitutive relationship with five parameters. Then, the displacement and stress distribution on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the cornea were analyzed by constructing the eye model with different PTA.

Single cell transcriptomics correlate avian coronavirus prime vaccination efficacy with antigen-presenting cell preference.

Biosafe and effective vaccines are urgently needed for the prevention and control of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), the first coronavirus to be discovered, despite extensive vaccination for decades. However, their development has been hindered by our limited understanding of prime vaccination, which is crucial for rational vaccine design. Here, we constructed in vivo dynamic single-cell resolution blood immune landscapes of chickens immunized with live-attenuated or inactivated IBV.

Transferrin Receptor-Targeted Aptamer-Drug Conjugate Overcomes Blood-Brain Barrier for Potent Glioblastoma Therapy.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the leading primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system. Current clinical therapeutics for treating GBM patients yield limited benefits. However, the development of new therapeutic methods is hindered because the blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts drug penetration.

Enhancing sonologist examination performance with large language models: an analytical study of ChatGPT-4 and Claude 3.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of two large language models, ChatGPT-4 and Claude 3, in improving the accuracy of question responses by senior sonologist and junior sonologist.

Material And Methods: A senior and a junior sonologist were given a practice exam. After answering the questions, they reviewed the responses and explanations provided by ChatGPT-4 and Claude 3.