Integrated network pharmacology, metabolomics and experimental validation to reveal the pharmacological substances and mechanism of Wendan decoction on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Wendan Decoction (WDD), a classic formula for the expectoration of phlegm, has been acknowledged for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nevertheless, the therapeutic components and mechanism of WDD in COPD remain elusive. Hence, an analytical strategy for extensive investigation of the constituents in WDD combining UFLC-ESI-Q/TOF-MS and subsequent network pharmacology was conducted, and the appropriate preparation of bio-samples was involved with mechanistic bioanalysis including multi-technique metabolomics and molecular biological means, that pivotal factors such as PTGS2, arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, and PI3K-AKT signaling pathway were recommended as potential central elements for the anti-COPD effects.

Key factors affecting heavy metal contamination of mangrove sediments in the Zhangjiang Estuary: Implications for environmental management.

With the rapid economic development of coastal cities, the discharge of significant amounts of heavy metal pollutants has posed a severe threat to mangrove forests. However, the potential sources of these metals and the health risks they pose remain poorly understood. This study analyzed 14 heavy metals in mangrove and river sediments of Zhangjiang Estuary, southeastern China.

Effects of non-volatility of memristor on the synchronizability of memristor-coupled heterogeneous neurons.

Synaptic plasticity is of great significance for understanding the leaning and memory processes in different brain regions since it determines the synchronized firing activities of neurons. A volatility-switchable memristor-coupled heterogeneous neuron model is proposed to explore the effects of the synaptic plasticity on the synchronous dynamics of coupled neurons in different brain regions. With the increment of the non-volatility, the critical coupling strength of synchronization between two heterogeneous neurons decreases in a power-law relationship with the character parameter of the memristor.

CFHR2 Supplementation Mitigates Pathologies of Neuromyelitis Optica by Regulating Complement Activation.

Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a relapsing autoimmune disease primarily affecting the optic nerves and spinal cord. While the pathogenesis of NMO involves Aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-IgG) and complement-mediated damage, the specific roles of the complement pathway remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we found that complement factor H-related protein 2 (CFHR2), a regulator that inhibits the complement C3 alternative pathway, was significantly decreased in the serum of NMO patients and was negatively correlated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score.

Environmental Exposures and COVID-19 Experiences in the United States, 2020-2022.

Certain environmental exposures are associated with COVID-19 incidence and mortality. To determine whether environmental context is associated with other COVID-19 experiences, we used data from the nationally representative Tufts Equity in Health, Wealth, and Civic Engagement Study data ( = 1785; three survey waves 2020-2022 for adults in the United States). Environmental context was assessed using self-reported climate stress and county-level air pollution, greenness, toxic release inventory site, and heatwave data.

Pharmacodynamic-Driven Sequence-Dependent Synergy Effects in Pemetrexed-Osimertinib Combination Against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Optimizing Synergy Through Sequential Interval.

Combining pemetrexed (PEM) with Osimertinib (OSI) improves outcomes in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but optimal scheduling remains undefined. Sequential PEM → OSI strategies may outperform concurrent administration; however, the critical dosing interval determining synergy has not been explored. : PEM pharmacodynamics were divided into an OSI-antagonized early phase (S-phase arrest and DNA damage accumulation) and OSI-synergized late phase (DNA damage peak, apoptosis initiation, and feedback EGFR activation).

Replacing Fishmeal with Fermented Wheat Protein Improves Nutrient Digestibility and Intestinal Health in Weaned Piglets.

Fermented wheat protein (FWP) has a high protein content and is beneficial to intestinal health, making it an ideal alternative to fishmeal (FM). This study evaluated the effects of replacing FM with FWP on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut health in weaned piglets. A total of 144 weaned piglets (28 days old) were randomly divided into three dietary treatments with 48 piglets per treatment for a duration of 28 days.

Emerging trends and global collaboration in Paclitaxel resistance research for breast cancer: a comprehensive bibliometric study.

Paclitaxel, a compound that targets microtubules in cancer cells and inhibits mitosis, has been used as a first-line treatment for recurrent or metastatic breast cancer for over three decades. Research into paclitaxel resistance has yielded thousands of articles. However, this body of research has not been analyzed systematically and quantitatively.

SNTA1-deficient human cardiomyocytes show shorter field potential duration and slower conduction velocity.

In clinical settings, patients with α-1-syntrophin point mutations are often associated with rare arrhythmias, including Long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and sudden infant death syndrome. Previous studies on α-1-syntrophin have predominantly utilized nonhuman cardiomyocyte models. This study aims to elucidate the phenotype of α-1-syntrophin deficiency using human cardiomyocytes.

Feasibility study of a novel wearable sweat sensor for anaerobic threshold determination.

Lactate anaerobic threshold has been a commonly used metric in the field of training monitoring, however its invasiveness has been overwhelming. Therefore, this study utilized sweat sensors to monitor Na and K in sweat to investigate the possibility of using sweat for anaerobic threshold monitoring. Fifty-five subjects were asked to complete an incremental load riding test.

Latent preference for red ornamentation drives interspecific mating in nascent jumping spider species ().

Heterospecific interactions between nascent species offer insights into how sexual selection shapes novel traits, illuminating patterns in species interactions and diversification. We tested female preferences between two recently diverged, allopatric species of jumping spiders: PLC, with red-coloured males performing short multimodal displays, and CC, with brown-coloured males performing long multimodal displays. Mate choice experiments showed that females of both species preferred PLC males.

Patient-Reported Tolerability of Selpercatinib Compared to Cabozantinib/Vandetanib: A Secondary Analysis of the LIBRETTO-531 Randomized-Controlled Trial in -Mutant Medullary Thyroid Cancer.

Progression-free survival (PFS) may not fully capture the impact of treatment on patients, especially in cancers with longer natural histories and thus, could be complemented by robust measures of patient-reported tolerability (PRT). We report the use of a novel, quantifiable PRT metric as a multiplicity-controlled endpoint to support regulatory and clinical decision-making for selpercatinib use. Comparative PRT was assessed in LIBRETTO-531 (NCT04211337), a randomized phase 3 trial of selpercatinib versus vandetanib/cabozantinib (control) in advanced -mutant medullary thyroid cancer (MTC).

High-dose ascorbic acid selectively induces pyroptosis in LKB1-deficient lung cancer and sensitizes immunotherapy.

Liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-deficient non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) exhibit primary resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The redox imbalance inherent in these tumors may represent a potential therapeutic vulnerability. High-dose ascorbic acid (AA) could induce cell redox imbalance.

Voltage-gated sodium channels in the nervous system: Molecular physiology to therapeutic interventions.

Voltage-gated sodium channels are essential ionic-conductance pathways in the nervous system, which play an irreplaceable role in modulating neuronal excitability and signal transduction. This review comprehensively analyzes the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological significance of voltage-gated sodium channels, with particular emphasis on elucidating the molecular-action mechanisms of the distinct subtypes of these channels, including Nav1.1, Nav1.

Closer People Hurt You More: How Social Distance Modulates Deception-Triggered Trust Decline and Trust Repair.

Close relationships generally help foster and sustain interpersonal trust, but also intensify harm when trust is violated by deception. Based on Expectancy Violation Theory and Decision System Theory, this study explored how social distance moderates the impact of deception on trust through three experiments. In Study 1 (N = 86), deception by acquaintances (vs.

A phased online support program improves self-efficacy and reduces distress in type 2 diabetes patients using mixed methods design.

Traditional interventions are largely offline, lack continuous support, and primarily focus on improving knowledge. This study aimed to explore the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a phased online support program for patients with diabetes. A mixed-methods design with convenience sampling was adopted in this study.

Innovative pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine-based cinnamic acid derivatives against Sogatella furcifera with better biosafety to pollinators.

Background: Sogatella furcifera, commonly known as white-backed planthopper, is a highly threatening migratory pest that feeds on rice and can transmit phytoviruses. Recently, mesoionic insecticides, exemplified by triflumezopyrim (TFM), have proven effective in managing such pests. Nevertheless, available data indicate that TFM remains highly toxic to ecologically important pollinators.

Stabilizing Lattice Oxygen in Li-Rich Layered Cathodes by Boron-Doping Induced Anchoring Effect.

Li-rich Mn-based layered oxides (LRMLOs) have emerged as promising cathode candidates owing to their exceptional specific capacity (>300 mAh/g), high energy density (>1000 Wh/kg), and elevated operating voltages (>3.5 V vs Li/Li). Nevertheless, the sluggish kinetics and poor reversibility of oxygen anion redox reactions fundamentally limit their practical implementation.

Topology-Based Visualization Techniques for Scientific Data Exploration.

Data visualization provides intuitive and practical tools for information exploration and scientific discovery. However, with the increased availability of computing resources and sensing devices, data's ever-increasing size and complexity pose fundamental challenges to existing visualization techniques. The first challenge is data understanding, requiring new methodologies to extract key features and insights from large-scale data.

Emodin Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Multiorgan Damage by Inhibiting NETosis through Targeting Neutrophils BCL-10.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by dysregulated host responses to infection, characterized by excessive inflammation and abnormal coagulation. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation bridges these two pathological processes. Through both in vivo and in vitro experiments, it is observed that Emodin, a natural anthraquinone derivative derived from Dahuang, significantly ameliorates the cytokine storm and coagulation abnormalities induced by sepsis, demonstrating remarkable efficacy in inhibiting NETs formation.

A multidimensional comparison of ChatGPT, Google Translate, and DeepL in Chinese tourism texts translation: fidelity, fluency, cultural sensitivity, and persuasiveness.

This study systematically compares the translation performance of ChatGPT, Google Translate, and DeepL on Chinese tourism texts, focusing on two prompt-engineering strategies. Using a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative expert assessments with qualitative analysis, the evaluation centers on fidelity, fluency, cultural sensitivity, and persuasiveness. ChatGPT outperformed its counterparts across all metrics, especially when culturally tailored prompts were used.

Enhanced recovery after surgery-guided strategies in single-incision laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal hernioplasty for inguinal hernia: a narrative review.

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and implementation challenges of single-port laparoscopic total extraperitoneal hernia repair (SIL-TEP) combined with enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in the treatment of inguinal hernia.

Methods: This review summarized the technical advantages of SIL-TEP in reducing postoperative pain, accelerating functional recovery and improving cosmetic results compared with traditional three-port TEP. The perioperative strategies under eras concept were further discussed, including preoperative nutrition optimization, laryngeal mask airway (LMA) use, early oral feeding, multimodal analgesia and timely removal of urinary catheter.

Preoperative radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a narrative review.

Neoadjuvant treatments play a crucial role in improving survival rates for patients with locally advanced resectable esophageal cancer. The CROSS and NEOCRTEC5010 trials have shown that neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy significantly enhances survival compared to surgery alone. In contrast, the NeoRes and CMISG1701 trials indicate that while neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy yields a higher histological complete response rate, it does not confer survival benefits over neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Dietary inulin supplementation in early gestation regulates uterine fluid exosomes and angiogenesis to improve embryo implantation in sows.

Background: Embryo implantation in early gestation is crucial for reproductive success, while dietary fiber plays a key role in regulating sow fertility. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study explores the influence of dietary inulin on embryonic implantation using a sow model.