Astrocytic Mettl14 depletion enhances cognitive function by attenuating astrogliosis via the DUSP1/MAPK pathway in APP/PS1 mice: targeting neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a leading cause of dementia, represents a critical unmet global medical need. While the precise mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis remain elusive, increasing evidence underscores the pivotal role of neuroinflammation in driving cognitive impairment. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), an epigenetic modification regulating RNA metabolism, has been found to be dysregulated in AD.

Electrochemical Oxidation of C(sp)-H Bonds for the Construction of C-S Bonds: Access to 9-Thioxanthenes.

Radical-radical cross-coupling offers an efficient strategy for constructing C-S bonds, yet existing methods typically rely on stoichiometric oxidants or metal catalysts. The lack of sustainable approaches for C(sp)-H sulfenylation at the C9 position of xanthene derivatives limits their functionalization. Herein, we developed an electrochemical method enabling direct C(sp)-H sulfenylation/selenylation of oxa/thia/aza-xanthenes under metal- and chemical-oxidant-free conditions.

Fundus Image Enhancement With Pyramid Conditional Flow.

Deep learning-based approaches, which learn pixel-to-pixel mapping from input to output images, have demonstrated exceptional performance in enhancing low-quality fundus images. However, due to the ambiguous definition of the ground-truth high-quality image, the pixel-to-pixel mapping encounters an ill-posed problem arising from the complex one-to-many relationship between low-quality fundus images and their corresponding high-quality versions. To address this problem, this work proposes a PCFlow, the first normalizing flow method that learns the complex distributions of high-quality fundus images rather than a pixel-to-pixel mapping.

Rhizosphere Microbes From Populus euphratica Conferred Salt Stress Resistance to Populus alba × Populus glandulosa.

The rhizosphere microbiomes of halophytes are crucial for plant adaptation to high-salinity soil conditions, but how to harness rhizosphere microbes to confer salt stress resistance to plants remains obscure. This study aimed to establish a framework (isolate-select-construct) for tailoring simplified salt-tolerant synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) and explore how they confer salt stress resistance to the plant. First, a total of 512 strains were isolated from the high-salt rhizosphere soil of Populus euphratica through high-throughput cultivation.

Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of eravacycline in patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections and community acquired bacterial pneumonia: support for a fixed-dose treatment regimen.

Eravacycline is a tetracycline used for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI) and has the potential to treat community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). The approved regimen for cIAI is 1mg/kg (Q12h). However, studies have reported the inconvenience of drug preparation based on body weight (BW) and wastage of the drug, because the specification is 50 mg per vial.

Silver-Catalyzed Difluorocarbene Activation Enables Multicomponent Synthesis of δ,γ-Unsaturated β-Hydroxynitriles.

Herein, we report an efficient and general one-pot multicomponent strategy, innovatively developed for the construction of δ,γ-unsaturated β-hydroxy nitrile scaffolds. Using readily available aldehydes and ketones as starting materials and TMSCFBr as a difluorocarbene precursor, the transformation proceeds via tandem Aldol condensation, a difluorocarbene electrophilic reaction, and hydrolysis. Mechanistic studies revealed that the difluorocarbene activates the oxygen atom of the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group through electrophilic orientation, significantly enhancing the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon, thereby driving the reaction to proceed with high selectivity via a 1,2-addition pathway.

Visible-light photoredox catalysis for vinyl sulfone construction sulfoxonium ylide alkynylation.

Herein, a visible-light-driven synthesis of 1,4-dicarbonyl vinyl sulfones sulfoxonium ylide homocoupling forming CC bonds, followed by sulfonyl hydrazide alkenylation is disclosed. Mechanistic studies support a sequential single-electron transfer (SET) and radical addition pathway. The method offers a sustainable alternative to conventional alkyne functionalization strategies.

Salvianolic Acid B and Ginsenoside Rg1 Combination Attenuates Cerebral Edema Accompanying Glymphatic Modulation.

Cerebral edema is characterized by fluid accumulation, and the glymphatic system (GS) plays a pivotal role in regulating fluid transport. Using the Tenecteplase system, magnesium salt of salvianolic acid B/ginsenoside Rg1 (SalB/Rg1) was injected intravenously into mice 4.5 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion and once every 24 h for the following 72 h.

HIV Pretreatment Drug Resistance and Transmission Clusters among Newly Diagnosed Patients in the China-Myanmar Border Region, 2020-2023.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HIV pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) and the transmission clusters associated with PDR-related mutations in newly diagnosed, treatment-naive patients between 2020 and 2023 in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province, China.

Methods: Demographic information and plasma samples were collected from study participants. PDR was assessed using the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database.

Constructing Amine-Functionalized Hierarchically Porous Porphyrin-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for Highly Enhanced Direct Air Capture of CO.

Direct air capture (DAC) of carbon dioxide (CO) has emerged as a prominent negative carbon emission technology for mitigating the greenhouse effect. Among various adsorbents, amine-functionalized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown exciting potential as adsorbents for atmospheric CO capture. However, the intrinsic microporosity of many MOFs restricts amine loading and uniform dispersion, diminishing the CO adsorption efficiency.

Natural Fiber-Reinforced Foamed Rubber Composites: A Sustainable Approach to Achieving Lightweight and Structural Stability in Sole Materials.

Lightweightness and durability are key consumer demands for footwear. To address the issues of deformation and poor durability in foamed sole materials, this study integrates natural fibers into the formulation of foamed rubber. The effects of natural fiber incorporation on density, mechanical properties, creep behavior, anti-slip performance, and aging resistance were comprehensively analyzed.

Optimization of a weight matrix calculation for computed tomography of chemiluminescence imaging.

Computed tomography of chemiluminescence (CTC) reconstructs unknown physical quantities in 3D fluids by capturing 2D projections, and the imaging model must accurately describe the mathematical relationship between the volume of interest (VoI) and the projections. This paper addresses the optimization of the weight matrix calculation in CTC imaging and introduces the Monte Carlo subpixel (MC-subpixel) method. The method is applied to dynamic imaging scenarios where frequent camera position adjustments are required, such as scenes with limited projection angles or opaque optical obstructions.

Self-supported DNA hydrogel facilitates microenvironment remodeling and cartilage repair to prevent osteoarthritis progression via an ambidextrous strategy.

Osteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent degenerative joint disease, currently lacks effective therapeutic options beyond symptomatic relief. Persistent inflammation and impaired cartilage repair accelerate the disease progression. The enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) contributes to OA by producing nitric oxide (NO), which intensifies inflammation and inhibits cartilage regeneration.

Enhanced recovery after surgery-guided strategies in single-incision laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal hernioplasty for inguinal hernia: a narrative review.

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and implementation challenges of single-port laparoscopic total extraperitoneal hernia repair (SIL-TEP) combined with enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in the treatment of inguinal hernia.

Methods: This review summarized the technical advantages of SIL-TEP in reducing postoperative pain, accelerating functional recovery and improving cosmetic results compared with traditional three-port TEP. The perioperative strategies under eras concept were further discussed, including preoperative nutrition optimization, laryngeal mask airway (LMA) use, early oral feeding, multimodal analgesia and timely removal of urinary catheter.

Cell cycle and HIF-1 related gene expression alteration in thyroid cell lines under microgravity.

Background: With growing interest in space exploration, understanding microgravity's impact on human health is essential. This study aims to investigate gene expression changes and migration and invasion potential in five thyroid-related cell lines cultured under simulated microgravity.

Methods: Five thyroid-related cell lines-normal thyrocytes (Nthy-ori 3-1), papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cells (SNU-790, TPC-1), poorly differentiated thyroid cancer cell (BCPAP), and anaplastic thyroid cancer cell (SNU-80)-were cultured under simulated microgravity (10 g) using a clinostat.

First Experience of Single Port Robotic Areolar (SPRA) Thyroidectomy and Modified Radical Neck Dissection (MRND).

: After introducing the single-port robotic surgical system (da-Vinci SP), thyroid surgeries using da-Vinci SP are becoming more popular. Although many methods have been designed for thyroidectomy using the da-Vinci SP, there are very few reports on methods that can perform not only thyroidectomy but also lateral cervical lymph node dissection. In this study, we want to report the first clinical experience with SPRA-MRND (Single Port Robotic Areolar-Modified Radical Neck dissection), using right breast access.

A case of advanced NUTc of the nasal cavity: case report and review of the literature.

Nuclear protein in testis carcinoma (NUTc) is a rare and highly aggressive salivary gland tumor predominantly affecting young patients. It typically involves midline head and neck structures, progresses rapidly, and is associated with a median survival of 6 to 9 months, resulting in an 80% mortality rate within the first year post-diagnosis. In this study, we present a rapidly progressing case of a 28-year-old male diagnosed with NUTc localized to the right nasal cavity (clinical stage cT4bN2M0, IVb).

Meta-analysis of the prognostic efficacy of daratumumab combined with standard therapy in high-risk multiple myeloma.

Objective: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of daratumumab (DAR) in combination with standard therapy for the treatment of high-risk multiple myeloma (HRMM), offering evidence-based insights to guide clinical decision-making.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across literature databases to identify studies investigating the use of DAR in HRMM. After removing duplicates, titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened.

LINC00622 transcriptionally promotes RRAGD to repress mTORC1-modulated autophagic cell death by associating with BTF3 in cutaneous melanoma.

Autophagy plays critical and complicated roles in tumors. As the central hub of nutrient signaling and cell growth, mTOR constitutes mTORC1 to be the main gateway for modulating autophagy. Yet, the regulatory mechanisms of mTORC1-regulated autophagy in tumors are not fully deciphered.

A Multicenter Comparative Study on Two Techniques for Creating Multifenestrated Physician-Modified Stent Grafts in the Treatment of Aortic Arch Pathologies.

Objective: Physician-modified stent grafts (PMEGs) are widely used to treat complex pathologies in the aortic arch, but featured by varied preparation methods. This study was conducted to investigate the differences in operative characteristics and postoperative outcomes of PMEGs prepared using 2 methods: 3D printed models (Group A) and traditional measurement (Group B).

Methods: This retrospective study included 201 patients treated with multiple fenestrated/branched endovascular repair in the aortic arch at 3 vascular centers in China.

Histone deacetylase 6: A new player in oxidative stress‑associated disorders and cancers (Review).

Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a distinctive member of the histone deacetylase family, plays a crucial role in regulating the cellular response to oxidative stress. Unlike other HDACs, HDAC6 primarily deacetylates non‑histone proteins, influencing various cellular functions critical to the pathogenesis of numerous oxidative stress‑related diseases. This review summarizes the latest research on how HDAC6 affects oxidative stress pathways and its impact on diseases such as neurodegeneration, cancer and cardiovascular disorders.

Infections in foot and ankle bone surgery: Comparison between single- and multiday use of postoperative oral antibiotics.

To date, no consensus has been reached regarding the efficacy or duration of postoperative oral antibiotics after foot and ankle surgery. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of single- and multiday prophylactic use of postoperative oral antibiotics in foot and ankle bone surgery using inflammatory biomarkers. In total, 64 patients who underwent foot and ankle bone surgery at our institution were divided into multiday (n = 43) and single-day (n = 21) postoperative oral antibiotics groups.

Exploring the impact of follicular fluid exosomes on porcine cumulus cell and oocyte function: Regulatory network analysis based on the ENSSSCG00000042788/ssc-miR-504/PDHA1 axis.

The development and maturation of mammalian oocytes are crucial stages in reproduction, directly influencing embryo health and the genetic quality of offspring. Follicular fluid serves as the microenvironment for oocyte development, with exosomes playing a key role in regulating the activities of cumulus cells and oocytes. However, the mechanisms governing porcine oocyte maturation remain incompletely understood.

Ubiquitin-mediated immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 degradation promotes autophagy and sperm capacitation in vitro.

Background: During sperm capacitation, post-translational modifications such as SUMOylation are crucial for maintaining protein homeostasis. Macroautophagy (autophagy) is essential for cellular and energy homeostasis, aiding in the survival of reproductive cells and protecting against ovarian aging. However, the role of autophagy in capacitated sperm remains unclear.

Cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with enamides for the efficient synthesis of 2-amino-bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes.

Here, we develop a mild and scalable approach for the synthesis of 2-amino-bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes Lewis acid-catalyzed (3+2) cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.