Genome analyses and breeding of polyploid crops.

Polyploidization is a common and important evolutionary process in the plant kingdom. Compared with diploid plant species, the intricate genome architecture of polyploid plant species presents substantial challenges in applying multi-omics approaches for crop breeding improvement. In this Review, we summarize the current techniques for analysing polyploid genomes, including constructing reference genomes and pan-genomes, and detecting variants.

Structurally conserved human anti-A35 antibodies protect mice and macaques from mpox virus infection.

The A35 protein, expressed on the enveloped virion of monkeypox (mpox) virus (MPXV), is essential for viral infection and spread within the host, making it an effective antiviral target. In this study, we demonstrated two human anti-A35 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) displayed potential protection against MPXV in CAST/EiJ mice and rhesus macaques. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we determined two high-resolution structures of the A35 dimer in complex with the fragment of antigen binding of mAb 975 or mAb 981, revealing detailed interactions at the antigen-antibody interfaces.

Influence of traditionality and modernity on public breastfeeding behaviors: a theory of planned behavior approach.

Background: Breast milk is widely recognized as the optimal source of infant nutrition, with the World Health Organization recommending exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months. However, breastfeeding rates remain suboptimal worldwide and in Taiwan. The six-month exclusive breastfeeding rate in Taiwan, defined as the percentage of infants aged six months who received only breast milk and no other foods or liquids in the previous 24 h, declined from 46.

Cognitive Functioning Trajectories and Their Association With Mental Health in Older Adults With Hypertension: Secondary Analysis of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey Data.

Background: There is a lack of research on the trajectories of cognitive functioning in older people with hypertension, as well as possible contributing factors and correlations between cognitive functioning and mental health.

Objective: This study aimed to conduct a secondary longitudinal analysis to examine cognitive functioning trajectories and their associated factors in older people with hypertension.

Methods: The data used in our study were retrieved from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration and Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Series of 72 Cases.

Background: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) are widely used for the diagnosis of pancreatic tumors. The aim of our study was to compare the diagnostic performance of EUS-FNA and EUS-FNB for the diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine (NE) neoplasms and to review tumors' cytopathology.

Methods: Patients who underwent EUS-FNA and EUS-FNB for pancreatic NE neoplasms were reviewed retrospectively.

[Effects of hyperoxia on the expression of hippocampal N-methyl D-aspartate receptor 1 and its synapse-associated molecules in neonatal rats].

Objectives: To investigate the effects of hyperoxia on the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1) and its synapse-associated molecules, including cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R), postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95), and synapsin (SYN), in the hippocampus of neonatal rats.

Methods: One-day-old Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats were randomly divided into a hyperoxia group and a control group (=8 per group). The hyperoxia group was exposed to 80% ± 5% oxygen continuously, while the control group was exposed to room air, for 7 days.

DFT Mechanism Study of Ligand-Controlled Ru-Catalyzed Selective Aerobic Oxidative Generation of Homocoupled Imines and Nitriles.

This study employs density functional theory to investigate the mechanisms underlying Ru-H-catalyzed aerobic amine oxidation, which results in the formation of homocoupled imines and nitriles, focusing on the effects of the ligands on the catalytic efficiency and selectivity. The energy span and catalytic turnover frequency across the catalytic cycle are analyzed, revealing that nitrile formation is energetically favored. For homocoupled imine formation, the two mechanistic pathways, i.

Tailoring metals, axial ligands, and carbon substrates in TMN-graphene for direct seawater electrolysis: A synergistic approach using density functional theory and machine learning algorithms.

Driven by the surging demand for sustainable energy production, direct seawater electrolysis for hydrogen generation has emerged as a pivotal research frontier. As a result, the design and optimization of highly stable, active, and selective oxygen-evolution-reaction (OER) catalysts has garnered considerable attention. In this study, by modifying the N-doped graphene substrates (S1-S3), introducing different axial ligands (X = Cl or OH), and tuning the transition metals (TM) at the active sites, we designed a total of 144 catalysts, consisting of 48 TMN-Sk and 96 TMN-Sk-X variants.

Cross-cohort microbiome-wide study reveals consistent alterations in the gut bacteriome, but not the gut mycobiome, in patients with hypertension.

Unlabelled: Hypertension, one of the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases, has been linked to the gut microbiota. However, there is a lack of well-defined, cross-population validated gut microbial signatures associated with hypertension, particularly at both the bacterial and fungal levels. To address this gap, we conducted a metagenome-wide analysis of fecal samples from 159 hypertensive patients and 101 healthy controls, using two publicly available data sets from the Beijing and Dalian regions.

Early Bearing Fault Diagnosis in PMSMs Based on HO-VMD and Weighted Evidence Fusion of Current-Vibration Signals.

To address the challenges posed by weak early fault signal features, strong noise interference, low diagnostic accuracy, poor reliability when using single information sources, and the limited availability of high-quality samples in practical applications for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) bearings, this paper proposes an early bearing fault diagnosis method based on Hippopotamus Optimization Variational Mode Decomposition (HO-VMD) and weighted evidence fusion of current-vibration signals. The HO algorithm is employed to optimize the parameters of VMD for adaptive modal decomposition of current and vibration signals, resulting in the generation of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). These IMFs are then selected and reconstructed based on their kurtosis to suppress noise and harmonic interference.

Target neutrophil heterogeneity and plasticity in cancer.

Neutrophils have long been regarded as cells of a limited lifespan, known to produce pro-inflammatory molecules, and primarily engaged in combating infections. However, recent advancements in single-cell analysis and molecular biology have revealed their remarkable heterogeneity and plasticity, particularly within the context of tumors. This review explores the development and diversity of neutrophils under both physiological and pathological conditions, with a particular focus on their roles in cancer.

TSPAN9 inhibits malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Tetraspanins (TSPANs) are a critical family for cell migration, which have been implicated in a variety of activities including cancer. Previous study showed that tetraspanin 9 (TSPAN9) plays an important role in gastric cancer. In this study, we aim to explore the biological functions of TSPAN9 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

DHCR24 overexpression is involved in lipid metabolic reprogramming to drive cervical cancer malignant progression and is associated with immune microenvironment.

Objective: Lipid metabolic reprogramming enables tumor cells to acquire malignant phenotypes, including enhanced proliferative capacity, migratory potential, and invasive properties. In cervical cancer, the precise pathobiological roles and molecular mechanisms of DHCR24 remain unclear.

Methods: We performed comprehensive bioinformatics analyses to investigate the expression patterns, clinical relevance, and prognostic implications of DHCR24 in cervical carcinoma.

A multivalent mRNA vaccine elicits robust immune responses and confers protection in a murine model of monkeypox virus infection.

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) has re-emerged globally since May 2022, posing a significant public health threat. To address this, we develop two multivalent mRNA vaccine candidates-AAL, encoding three MPXV antigens, and AALI, which combines AAL with an immune-enhancing IFN-α protein. Both vaccines are delivered via mannose-modified lipid nanoparticles to target dendritic cells.

Profiling with senescence-associated secretory phenotype score identifies GDC-0879 as a small molecule sensitizing glioblastoma to anti-PD1.

Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in cancer refers to the bioactive secretome produced by senescence cells in the tumor microenvironment, which could be triggered by therapeutics or local stress conditions. Here, we provided a SASP Score in glioblastoma (GBM) with generating a SASP gene panel to identify the potential small molecular candidate targeting SASP in GBM. The effectiveness of this scoring method was firstly interrogated with our in-house GBM cohort and public datasets, including transcriptomic data from bulk and single cell GBM samples.

HFPO-TA induces liver damage and ferroptosis in zebrafish by disrupting iron metabolism homeostasis.

Hexafluoropropylene oxide trimeric acid (HFPO-TA) is a novel alternative to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) with similar toxicity to PFOA. However, whether HFPO-TA causes ferroptosis is currently unknown. In this experiment, we systematically investigated the induction of zebrafish embryonic liver ferroptosis by HFPO-TA to cause liver injury.

Construction and validation of a web-based dynamic predictive model for the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing day-case hysteroscopic surgery.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive risk model for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing day-case hysteroscopic surgery.

Methods: The candidate predictors were identified by systematic literature review. Patients who met the study criteria were divided into training group and validation group.

Facet Engineering and Fe─N─Co Bridged Heterojunction Enable FeO@C@ZIF67 as High-Performance Photocatalyst for Ammonia Synthesis.

Ammonia synthesis is vital for global fertilizer production but traditionally relies on the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process, a major contributor to CO emissions. Photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (PNRR) offers a sustainable alternative by harnessing solar energy under ambient conditions. However, challenges such as low nitrogen adsorption, poor conductivity, and high electron-hole recombination of the photocatalysts limit their efficiency.

Angle-controlled synthesis and redox properties of a tetraphenylethene-based hexacationic triangular macrocycle.

A tetraphenylethene-based hexacationic triangular macrocycle (T·6PF) was synthesized the Zincke reaction using an angle-controlled synthesis strategy. Under chemical or electrochemical reduction conditions, T·6PF can undergo two-step reversible and stable redox transformations, accompanied by a distinct visual color change.

Nuclear-localized SIRT1 inhibits apoptosis via deacetylating p53.

The function of silencing information regulator 1 (SIRT1) in promoting or inhibiting apoptosis remains a subject of debate. Here, we aim to evaluate the roles of nuclear-localized SIRT1 in STS/DOX-induced apoptosis. Silencing nuclear-localized SIRT1 significantly enhanced STS/DOX-induced apoptosis, while overexpression of nuclear-localized SIRT1 markedly inhibited STS/DOX-induced process, demonstrating the anti-apoptotic ability of the nuclear-localized SIRT1.

Ancient hybridization underlies tuberization and radiation of the potato lineage.

Interspecific hybridization may trigger species radiation by creating allele combinations and traits. Cultivated potato and its 107 wild relatives from the Petota lineage all share the distinctive trait of underground tubers, but the underlying mechanisms for tuberization and its relationship to extensive species diversification remain unclear. Through analyses of 128 genomes, including 88 haplotype-resolved genomes, we revealed that Petota is of ancient hybrid origin, with all members exhibiting stable mixed genomic ancestry, derived from the Etuberosum and Tomato lineages ca.

Chemical reprogramming of human blood cells to pluripotent stem cells.

Chemical reprogramming offers a fundamentally innovative approach for generating human chemically induced pluripotent stem (hCiPS) cells using small molecules. Our recent studies showed that this approach was highly efficient in reprogramming human fibroblasts to hCiPS cells. However, generating hCiPS cells from human blood cells, which are the most accessible and convenient source for reprogramming, remains a challenge.

New advances in oral microbiology and tumor research.

Cancer remains a major global health concern, with escalating incidence and mortality rates underscoring the urgent need for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Increasing evidence has identified the oral microbiota as a critical contributor to tumorigenesis, thereby expanding the understanding of cancer pathogenesis beyond conventional risk factors such as tobacco use and genetic predisposition. This review summarizes recent progress in elucidating the complex relationship between the oral microbiota and various malignancies, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal adenocarcinoma, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Assessing effectiveness of ABCDE Framework for teaching condylar fracture reduction in dental education: a mixed methods study.

Background: Managing displaced proximal segments in mandibular condylar fractures remains challenging due to complex anatomy and limited surgical visibility. Conventional teaching methods in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) often inadequately address these challenges. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a novel ABCDE educational framework, based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), in enhancing surgical training by improving procedural understanding, technical skill acquisition, and trainee confidence in managing these fractures.