Tailoring metals, axial ligands, and carbon substrates in TMN-graphene for direct seawater electrolysis: A synergistic approach using density functional theory and machine learning algorithms.

Driven by the surging demand for sustainable energy production, direct seawater electrolysis for hydrogen generation has emerged as a pivotal research frontier. As a result, the design and optimization of highly stable, active, and selective oxygen-evolution-reaction (OER) catalysts has garnered considerable attention. In this study, by modifying the N-doped graphene substrates (S1-S3), introducing different axial ligands (X = Cl or OH), and tuning the transition metals (TM) at the active sites, we designed a total of 144 catalysts, consisting of 48 TMN-Sk and 96 TMN-Sk-X variants.

The Key Steps and Distinct Performance Trends of Pyrrolic vs Pyridinic M-N-C Catalysts in Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction.

The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NORR) offers a sustainable route for ambient ammonia synthesis. While metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) single-atom catalysts have emerged as promising candidates for the NORR, the structure-activity relations underlying their catalytic behavior remain to be elucidated. Through systematic analysis of reported experimental data and pH-field coupled microkinetic modeling on a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) scale, we reveal that the coordination-dependent activity originates from distinct scaling relations governed by metal-intermediate interactions.

Deep Reconstruction of RuPdO Hollow Nanofibers for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrazine Oxidation-Assisted Hydrogen Production.

Manipulating the reconstruction of a heterostructured material is highly desirable to achieve high-performance electrocatalytic performance. Here, an in situ reconstruction of RuPdO hollow nanofibers (HNFs) is presented to generate RuO/Pd from both the electrochemical and chemical reconstruction processes. The reconstructed catalyst is highly efficient for both hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at industrial-grade current densities, significantly outperforming the benchmark Pt/C catalyst.

Magnetic-Field-Induced Spin Transition in Single-Atom Catalysts for Nitrate Electrolysis to Ammonia.

Electrochemical nitrate reduction (NitRR) using single-atom catalysts (SACs) offers a promising pathway for sustainable ammonia production. Herein, we explore the use of external magnetic fields to regulate the spin state of Ru SACs supported on nitrogen-doped carbon (Ru-N-C), aiming to optimize their catalytic performance toward NitRR. Under magnetic field conditions, Ru-N-C exhibits a remarkable NH yield rate of ∼38 mg L h and a Faradaic efficiency of ∼95% over 200 h.

Surface Structure Reformulation from CuO to Cu/Cu(OH) for Highly Efficient Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia.

Electrochemical conversion of nitrate (NO ) to ammonia (NH) is a potential way to produce green NH and remediate the nitrogen cycle. In this paper, an efficient catalyst of spherical CuO made by stacking small particles with oxygen-rich vacancies is reported. The NH yield and Faraday efficiency are 15.

Decreased expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor within the penile tissues contributes to erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats.

Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation are major contributors to the development and progression of diabetes-associated erectile dysfunction (DMED). As an endogenous antioxidant and anti-inflammatory factor, the potential implication of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in DMED has not been revealed. To assess the potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of PEDF in DMED, we first demonstrated that PEDF was significantly decreased at the levels of the mRNA and protein in the penis of diabetic rats compared with normal controls.

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and underlying mechanisms in cloned cattle.

Neonatal respiratory distress is a major mortality factor in cloned animals, but the pathogenesis of this disease is rarely investigated. In this study, four neonatal cloned cattle, born after full-term gestation, exhibited symptoms of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), which included symptoms of hyaline membrane disease as well as disordered surfactant homeostasis in their collapsed lungs. No differences in DNA methylation or histone modifications correlated with the suppressed SPB and SPC transcription observed in the cloned cattle group (p > 0.

Transcriptomic profiling reveals disordered regulation of surfactant homeostasis in neonatal cloned bovines with collapsed lungs and respiratory distress.

Respiratory distress is a major cause of mortality in cloned neonatal animals, but its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we used necropsy and histology procedures to evaluate the lungs of cloned neonatal bovines dying of respiratory distress, finding incomplete lung dilation, alveolar collapse, and thickened alveolar walls. Comparison of the transcriptomes between collapsed lungs of cloned bovines and their normal counterparts revealed 1373 differentially expressed genes in collapsed lungs (p < 0.

Identification of Valid Housekeeping Genes for Real-Time Quantitative PCR Analysis of Collapsed Lung Tissues of Neonatal Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer-Derived Cattle.

Cloned calves produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer frequently suffer alveolar collapse as newborns. To study the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon, the expression profiles of numerous genes involved in lung development need to be investigated. Quantitative real-time PCR is commonly adopted in gene expression analysis.