Dermatan Sulfate: Structure, Biosynthesis, and Biological Roles.

Dermatan sulfate (DS) is a remarkably versatile glycosaminoglycan that plays critical roles across a wide array of biological processes. Its unique structure, characterized by repeating disaccharide units of -acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and Iduronic acid (IdoA) with variable sulfation patterns, enables it to interact with numerous biomolecules. These interactions mediate diverse functions, including the organization of the extracellular matrix, promotion of wound healing, and modulation of cancer progression.

Urinary 3-methylhistidine as a potential biomarker for sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: multidimensional metabolomics analysis in mice and human.

Background: Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is strongly associated with increased mortality in critical patients. The early detection of SA-AKI is crucial for clinical intervention. This study aims to integrate multiple metabolomics data related to SA-AKI to identify and validate novel metabolic markers.

Reduction of Radiation Dose and Contrast Medium Volume in Photon-Counting Detector Computed Tomography Head and Neck Angiography: A Comparison to Energy-Integrating Detector Computed Tomography.

Rationale And Objectives: This study evaluated the image quality of photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) for head and neck vascular imaging using the "Quadruple Low" strategy (ultra-low contrast dose, low contrast concentration, low injection rate, and low radiation dose). The results were compared with those from conventional energy-integrating detector computed tomography (EID-CT) performed using routine scanning parameters.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 50 patients with cerebrovascular disease who underwent EID-CT with a standard contrast protocol (contrast dose: body weight × 0.

Chiral switch of a butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a viable drug target to alleviate the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We recently developed and biologically evaluated racemic N-benzylpiperidine-based naphthalene-2-sulfonamide 2, a nanomolar BChE inhibitor with procognitive effects. To optimize it, we performed a chiral switch.

Development and validation of a machine learning-based risk prediction model for stroke-associated pneumonia in older adult hemorrhagic stroke.

Objective: To develop and validate a machine learning (ML)-based model for predicting stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) risk in older adult hemorrhagic stroke patients.

Methods: A retrospective collection of older adult hemorrhagic stroke patients from three tertiary hospitals in Guiyang, Guizhou Province (January 2019-December 2022) formed the modeling cohort, randomly split into training and internal validation sets (7:3 ratio). External validation utilized retrospective data from January-December 2023.

Clinical value of the 70-kVp ultra-low-dose CT pulmonary angiography with deep learning image reconstruction.

Objective: This study aims to assess the feasibility of "double-low," low radiation dosage and low contrast media dosage, CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) based on deep-learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithms.

Materials And Methods: One hundred consecutive patients (41 females; average age 60.9 years, range 18-90) were prospectively scanned on multi-detector CT systems.

Clinical Investigation of Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Past, Present, and Future.

Tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.

Patient-tailored versus fixed post-trigger delay for optimized scan timing: a comparison of image quality and diagnostic confidence in run-off CT angiography.

Objectives: This study aimed to validate bolus tracking using a patient-tailored post-trigger delay (PTD) in run-off computed tomography angiography (CTA) and to compare the resulting image quality and diagnostic confidence with those obtained using a fixed PTD.

Materials And Methods: Participants were prospectively assigned to either fixed (10 s) or patient-tailored cohorts. We measured attenuation, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for each vascular segment.

Co-occurrence of mcr-9 and bla in Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacter hormaechei Strain Isolated from a Patient with Bloodstream Infection.

Enterobacter hormaechei (E. hormaechei), a member of the Enterobacter cloacae complex, has emerged as an important pathogen in healthcare-associated infections. In this study, a multidrug-resistant E.

Enhanced methane production from bloom algal biomass using hydrothermal and hydrothermal-alkaline pretreatment with anaerobic digestion.

Coalbeds have the potential as geobioreactors for producing renewable natural gas from biomass derived from photosynthesis. This brings about a number of benefits, including support for sustainable energy and the sequestration of carbon dioxide in coal. In this study, freshwater bloom algae were employed as the substrate to examine the influence of hydrothermal and hydrothermal-alkaline pretreatment on methane production using an inoculum from an anaerobic digester.

Metabolomics- and proteomics-based multi-omics integration reveals early metabolite alterations in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury.

Background: Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is a frequent complication in patients with sepsis and is associated with high mortality. Therefore, early recognition of SA-AKI is essential for administering supportive treatment and preventing further damage. This study aimed to identify and validate metabolite biomarkers of SA-AKI to assist in early clinical diagnosis.

Sivelestat sodium protects against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by reduction of NETs formation.

Background: Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) often results in renal impairment. While the presence of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is consistently observed, their specific impact on IRI is not yet defined. Sivelestat sodium, an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase which is crucial for NET formation, may offer a therapeutic approach to renal IRI, warranting further research.

Optimized contrast enhancement and homogeneity in aortic CT angiography: bolus tracking with personalized post-trigger delay.

Background: The bolus tracking technique has been used for decades, yet still faces the challenging task of determining the optimal scanning time for individuals. Our study aimed to assess the feasibility of a novel bolus tracking method with a personalized post-trigger delay (PTD) to optimize scanning time and achieve optimized enhancement and contrast homogeneity in aortic computed tomography angiography (CTA).

Methods: Participants undergoing aortic CTA with bolus tracking were prospectively assigned to two different groups: Group A with a fixed 6-second PTD and Group B with a personalized PTD.

Deep eutectic solvents assisted laccase pretreatment for improving enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover.

The efficient and eco-friendly removal of lignin is a critical challenge for bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. Herein, we report the integration of laccase with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for the pretreatment of corn stover to enhance the production of reducing sugars. Three betaine-based DESs were prepared and tested for their effects on the activity and stability of a bacterial laccase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LC02.

Feasibility of Ultra-low Radiation and Contrast Medium Dosage in Aortic CTA Using Deep Learning Reconstruction at 60 kVp: An Image Quality Assessment.

Objective: To assess the viability of using ultra-low radiation and contrast medium (CM) dosage in aortic computed tomography angiography (CTA) through the application of low tube voltage (60kVp) and a novel deep learning image reconstruction algorithm (ClearInfinity, DLIR-CI).

Methods: Iodine attenuation curves obtained from a phantom study informed the administration of CM protocols. Non-obese participants undergoing aortic CTA were prospectively allocated into two groups and then obtained three reconstruction groups.

Investigation of the double layer structure of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate at the air-water interface using sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy.

The interfacial structure and adsorption behavior of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate ionic liquids (ILs) aqueous solutions were investigated using sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS) and surface tension measurements. Polarization-dependent measurements revealed a dramatic increase in the SFG signal for both CH and CN stretching modes with increasing ILs concentration, reaching a maximum at a mole fraction of 0.01.

Instantaneous visual genotyping and facile site-specific transgenesis via CRISPR-Cas9 and phiC31 integrase.

Here, we introduce 'TICIT', targeted integration by CRISPR-Cas9 and integrase technologies, which utilizes the site-specific DNA recombinase - phiC31 integrase - to insert large DNA fragments into CRISPR-Cas9 target loci. This technique, which relies on first knocking in a 39-basepair phiC31 landing site via CRISPR-Cas9, enables researchers to repeatedly perform site-specific transgenesis at the exact genomic location with high precision and efficiency. We applied this approach to devise a method for the instantaneous determination of a zebrafish's genotype simply by examining its color.

Swarming caddisflies in the mid-cretaceous.

Swarming, as a special form of mating aggregation, is most noteworthy in insects of the orders Ephemeroptera, Diptera, and Trichoptera. Swarming in extant trichopterans is well understood in terms of sex composition, specific mating behaviors, and functional morphological specializations of adults, but an exploration of the evolution of such aggregative behaviors is hampered by the dearth of available examples from the fossil record as well as the ability to reliably distinguish the few gatherings as the result of swarming relative to other taphonomic or behavioral factors. Herein we describe five new fossil species of caddisflies preserved in mid-Cretaceous amber from Myanmar, all preserved as large aggregations.

Fungal endophytes of Taxus species and regulatory effect of two strains on taxol synthesis.

Background: Taxol, derived from Taxus trees, is a valuable natural resource for the development of anticancer drugs. Endophytic fungi from Taxus trees are a promising alternative source of Taxol. However, the impact of plant-endophytic microbial interaction on the host's Taxol biosynthesis is largely unknown.

gen. nov., an unusual cleroid genus with large hypomeral cavities from mid-Cretaceous amber (Coleoptera: Cleroidea).

Beetles have a remote evolutionary history dating back to the Carboniferous, with Mesozoic fossils playing a pivotal role in elucidating the early evolution of extant families. Despite their exceptional preservation in amber, deciphering the systematic positions of Mesozoic trogossitid-like beetles remains challenging. Here, we describe and illustrate a new trogossitid-like lineage from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, Li, Kolibáč, Liu & Cai, gen.