The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Inflammatory Bowel Disease among Children and Adolescents from 1990 to 2021 and Trend Projections up to 2036.

Background/aims: Early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (EO-IBD) poses a global health challenge with its distinct clinical manifestations and complex progression.

Methods: In this study, IBD cases occurring before age 20 were defined as EO-IBD. Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database.

Unveiling the material basis of Shenshuaifu granule and its therapeutic mechanism in chronic renal failure: a combined approach of high-resolution mass spectrometry and technology.

Background: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a serious state of continuous development in various chronic renal diseases. Shenshuaifu granule is a hospital preparation of Chinese medicines used at Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital. It has been reported to delay the progression of renal failure in clinical application, but its material basis and mechanism are still unclear.

Biocontrol Potential of Rhizosphere Bacteria Against Root Rot in Cowpea: Suppression of Mycelial Growth and Conidial Germination.

The cultivation of cowpea (), a vital vegetable crop, faces significant threats from spp.-induced root rot. In this study, three fungal pathogens ( HKFf, HKFi, and HKFo) were isolated from symptomatic cowpea plants, and we screened 90 rhizobacteria from healthy rhizospheres using six culture media.

Enhanced metastasis risk prediction in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma using deep learning and computational histopathology.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common skin cancer with metastatic potential and development of metastases carries a poor prognosis. To address the need for reliable risk stratification, we developed cSCCNet, a deep learning model using digital pathology of primary cSCC to predict metastatic risk. A retrospective cohort of 227 primary cSCC from four centres is used for model development.

Antifungal spectrum of cyclobutrifluram and multi-point mutations in CcSdh proteins confer resistance in Corynespora cassiicola.

Cucumber target spot, a major disease that threatens cucumber production, is caused by Corynespora cassiicola. Cyclobutrifluram, a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) developed by Syngenta, has demonstrated strong inhibitory activity against various plant pathogenic fungi and nematodes. However, its antifungal spectrum, resistance risk as well as underlying mechanisms of resistance in C.

Strong crystalline thermal insulation induced by extended antibonding states.

Crystalline solids with extreme insulation often exhibit a plateau or even an upward-sloping tail in thermal conductivity above room temperature. Herein, we synthesize a crystalline material AgTlI with an exceptionally low thermal conductivity of 0.21 WmK at 300 K, which continues to decrease to 0.

Microwave-assisted extraction of Camellia oleifera shell lignin via dual-acidic deep eutectic solvent and its mechanism.

Lignin represents a promising biomass resource for functional materials; however, its intricate structure poses significant challenges for efficient extraction. Herein, a novel dual-acidic deep eutectic solvent (DADES) composed of ZnCl and lactic acid (1:8 molar ratio) was developed, and which applied to facilitate the rapid extraction of lignin from waste Camellia oleifera shells (WCOS). Notably, this extraction process was significantly enhanced by microwave irradiation.

Daptomycin-Loaded Nano-Drug Delivery System Based on Biomimetic Cell Membrane Coating Technology: Preparation, Characterization, and Evaluation.

Staphylococcus aureus () is a clinically significant pathogenic bacterium. Daptomycin (DAP) is a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, including . However, DAP currently faces clinical limitations due to its short half-life, toxic side effects, and increasingly severe drug resistance issues.

Application of the Composite Electrical Insulation Layer with a Self-Healing Function Similar to Pine Trees in K-Type Coaxial Thermocouples.

Aerospace engines and hypersonic vehicles, among other high-temperature components, often operate in environments characterized by temperatures exceeding 1000 °C and high-speed airflow impacts, resulting in severe thermal erosion conditions. Coaxial thermocouples (CTs), with their unique self-eroding characteristic, are particularly well suited for use in such extreme environments. However, fabricating high-temperature electrical insulation layers for coaxial thermocouples remains challenging.

Binary-intensity-synthetic digital optical phase conjugation for multifocal control through scattering media.

Controlling light to multiple focal locations through complex scattering media is becoming increasingly significant in various realms. Although wavefront shaping (WFS) has been demonstrated as a promising solution to counteracting optical scattering, current WFS methods for multifocal control through scattering media suffer from low focal quality, extensive measurements, or complexity of system configurations and signal reconstructions. Here, we report a WFS concept, called binary-intensity-synthetic digital optical phase conjugation (BIS-DOPC), to mitigate these drawbacks.

Negative differential resistance in memristive systems: historical evolution, mechanisms and neuromorphic applications of niobium oxide devices.

The synergy between the memristive effect and negative differential resistance (NDR) offers promising prospects for advancing electronic devices and circuits. Predictable outcomes include the development of devices with improved performance and functionality that are applicable across a wide range of fields, from computing architecture to neuromorphic engineering. Despite the growing body of literature exploring this convergence, the effective implementation of the NDR effect in memristors faces many challenges.

Intratumoral core microbiota predicts prognosis and therapeutic response in gastrointestinal cancers.

Microbial communities residing in tumors constitute a critical component of the tumor microenvironment, particularly in gastrointestinal cancers arising from mucosal sites. However, the relationship between microbiota and oncogenesis, as well as its clinical applications, remains underexplored. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the tumor microbiome across six gastrointestinal cancer types and identified a core microbiota composed of 15 bacterial genera associated with patient prognosis.

Unexplored viral diversity in Siberian cranes and wild geese: metagenomic insights from a global wintering haven.

Migratory birds are critical global carriers and vectors of various viruses, potentially driving the mutation and transmission of novel pathogens, especially zoonotic viruses. Despite advancements in sequencing technologies, the viral diversity in wintering Siberian cranes () and wild geese ( spp.) remains poorly understood.

Allogeneic CD19-targeting T cells for treatment-refractory systemic lupus erythematosus: a phase 1 trial.

Commercial autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapies are effective in B cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases but are limited by personalized manufacturing, high costs and the risk from random chimeric antigen receptor insertion into the genome. To overcome these challenges, we developed YTS109, a hypoimmune allogeneic T cell product engineered using CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out TRAC, PD1, HLA-A, HLA-B and CIITA, with a CD19-targeting synthetic TCR and antigen receptor (STAR) precisely integrated into the TRAC locus to enable physiological, TCR-like signaling. As part of a multi-disease cohort trial, this article includes all enrolled five patients with severe, refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated by lupus nephritis, who received lymphodepletion followed by YTS109 at 3 × 10 STAR⁺ T cells per kg body weight.

Farrerol confers neuroprotection in spinal cord injury by regulating macrophages/microglia polarization through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Background And Aims: Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes secondary damage characterized by neuroinflammation and imbalanced macrophages/microglia polarization, worsening neuronal loss and functional decline. Farrerol (FAR), a natural flavonoid with anti-inflammatory properties, has not been studied for SCI treatment. This work assesses FAR's neuroprotection through macrophages/microglia polarization regulation and explores its mechanisms.

Association between triglyceride-glucose index and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in US adults: A cohort study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality, and to assess age differences. We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2018), which included 101,316 participants. Restricted cubic spline and Cox regression models were used to examine the relationship between the TyG index and mortality rates in a sample of adult patients in the United States, age analysis was performed.

Mechanical Force Promotes Mitochondrial Transfer From Macrophages to BMSCs to Enhance Bone Formation.

Macrophages and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) share a close relationship within the osteoimmune microenvironment. During mechanically induced bone formation, macrophages respond to stimuli and regulate this microenvironment, influencing BMSCs' proliferation and differentiation. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

Capnography monitoring reduces incidence of hypoxia in older patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy under propofol sedation.

Background And Study Aims: Whether routine capnography monitoring during gastrointestinal endoscopy sedation can reduce occurrence of hypoxia is controversial. Older patients are more prone to hypoxia. This study aimed to determine the effect of additional capnography monitoring on incidence of hypoxia in older patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy under propofol sedation.

7T GluCEST in Discriminating Gliomas with Diverse Invasiveness Degrees and Its Association with Invasion Indices.

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) with that of proton MR spectroscopy (H-MRS) and other conventional magnetic resonance imaging in distinguishing gliomas of different invasiveness and exploring their correlation with the expression of Ki-67. Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were included and randomly divided into three subgroups of the gliomas: C6, 9L, and F98. Sequential GluCEST, H-MRS, diffusion weighted imaging, and T2-weighted imaging scans were performed on the intracranial glioma-bearing rats using a 7.

Development and Evaluation of [Ga]Ga-DOTA-BT1718: A Novel Imaging Agent Targeting MT1-MMP for Malignant Tumor Diagnosis.

Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is highly expressed in various malignant tumors. Therefore, evaluating the expression level of MT1-MMP in tumors is crucial. We designed and synthesized [Ga]Ga-DOTA-BT1718, which targets MT1-MMP, to monitor MT1-MMP expression levels in malignant tumors via positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

Altered brain structure age gap estimation in major depressive disorder patients with and without anhedonia: a machine learning-based study.

Previous studies have found that major depressive disorder (MDD) may accelerate overall structural brain aging. Nevertheless, it still remains unknown whether anhedonia, a critical negative prognostic indicator in MDD, further leads to advanced brain aging in specific regions. A total of 31 MDD with anhedonia (MDD-WA), 41 MDD without anhedonia (MDD-WoA), and 43 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in this study.

Candy box technique with sutures and Nice knot : a novel approach to inferior pole patellar fractures.

Aims: Our study explores the candy box (CB) technique with sutures and Nice knot as a novel treatment for inferior pole patellar fractures, potentially superior to traditional wire fixation.

Methods: CT data from five adult knee joints were extracted to create finite element models for inferior pole patellar fractures and four internal fixation models. These included CB technique combined with high-strength sutures and Nice knot (CB-H), CB technique combined with tendon sutures and Nice knot (CB-T), CB technique combined with steel wires (CB-S), and tension-band wiring combined with cerclage wiring (TBWC).

Synthesis of α-CF-Substituted O-Heterocycles via Ligand-Controlled Cycloaddition of ()-β-Trifluoromethylated Enones with π-Allylpalladium 1,4-Dipoles.

Palladium-catalyzed and ligand-controlled cycloaddition of ()-β-trifluoromethylated enones has been described, providing powerful synthetic strategies for two α-CF-substituted O-heterocycles, tetrahydro-2-pyrans and 5-oxaspiro[2.4]heptanes. The readily available substrates bearing various functional groups have shown variable product chemoselectivities.

Construction of a prediction model for pneumonia in children undergoing neurosurgery based on regular clinical laboratory tests and baseline information.

Objectives: Pneumonia is a common complication in children undergoing neurosurgery, leading to prolonged length of stay as well as increased hospital expenses. A prediction model for pneumonia in children undergoing neurosurgery based on common laboratory indicators is an effective clinical measure for early intervention in high-risk patients. In this study, we proposed to construct a pneumonia prediction model for children undergoing neurosurgery by selecting routine baseline characteristics and laboratory indicators.