Negative differential resistance in memristive systems: historical evolution, mechanisms and neuromorphic applications of niobium oxide devices.

The synergy between the memristive effect and negative differential resistance (NDR) offers promising prospects for advancing electronic devices and circuits. Predictable outcomes include the development of devices with improved performance and functionality that are applicable across a wide range of fields, from computing architecture to neuromorphic engineering. Despite the growing body of literature exploring this convergence, the effective implementation of the NDR effect in memristors faces many challenges.

Precision positioning measurement sensor based on the integration of confocal techniques and three-degree-of-freedom geometric measurement.

For the fields of optical imaging and focal plane measurement and adjustment in optical processing, this paper proposes a compact three-degree-of-freedom measurement sensor suitable for high-precision positioning of small measurement surfaces. The advantage of the measurement sensor is that it effectively combines multi-degree-of-freedom geometric measurement with confocal measurement, achieving multi-degree-of-freedom measurement by the correspondence between the position of the measured surface and the position of the laser spot on the camera and achieving high-precision, large-range Z-axis axial measurement by confocal technology and triangular light measurement. In addition, compared with traditional multi-degree-of-freedom methods, the measurement points of the sensor are small, and no special target is required.

Inhibition of inner ear macrophage phagocytosis alleviates cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.

The immune response is considered a significant pathological mechanism of inner ear damage. However, the role of macrophages, as key components of immune cells, in immunity in the inner ear remains elusive. Evidence from other organs indicates that phagocytosis, a core function of macrophages, plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis, development, and tissue repair regeneration.

Design of a Modular Wall-Climbing Robot with Multi-Plane Transition and Cleaning Capabilities.

This paper presents the design and development of a new modular wall-climbing robot-Modular Wall Climbing-1 (MC-1)-for solving the problem of autonomous wall switching observed in wall-climbing robots. Each modular robot is capable of independently adhering to vertical surfaces and maneuvering, making it a fully autonomous robotic system. Multiple modules of MC-1 are connected by an electromagnet-based magnetic attachment method, and wall transitions are achieved using a servo motor mechanism.

Pyridostigmine improves post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction in a rat model of ventricular fibrillation-induced cardiac arrest and resuscitation.

Background: Post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction is one of the major causes of death in post-cardiac arrest patients. Pyridostigmine (PYR) shows protective effects on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury following myocardial infarction and left heart failure by improving autonomic nervous function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of low-dose pyridostigmine on post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction.

Inducing hour-level humification of Enteromorpha prolifera to fabricate fulvic-like acid fertilizer with Fenton's reagent.

The phenomenon of Enteromorpha prolifera (EP) flooding caused by marine eutrophication has resulted in serious environmental impact. Here, we demonstrate an application of Fenton's reagent in the rapid recovery and utilization of EP. The humification of EP with water content of 80-90% is accelerated by adding HO and FeSO·7HO.

Electron beam/persulfate-induced second-scale upcycling of wastewater polyvinyl alcohol with ultra-low chemical input.

Conventional mineralization of high-concentration organic pollutants relied on intensive chemicals and high carbon emissions, necessitating resource recovery strategies. We developed a high-energy electron beam (HEEB)-activated persulfate (PS) system, transforming 99 % of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, 2 g/L) into recyclable precipitates with ultra-low PS dosage (0.1 g/L) and short irradiation duration (24 kGy, 38.

Role of gut microbiota in bempedoic acid against hyperlipidemia: a new candidate target for bempedoic acid on the therapeutic regulation.

Background: Bempedoic acid (BA), an oral synthetic dicarboxylic acid derivative, has been widely used to treat patients with hyperlipidemia who are intolerant to statins. Both clinical and preclinical studies have reported the protective effects of BA against hyperlipidemia. However, the mechanisms of BA for hyperlipidemia treatment remain largely obscured.

Potential common key genes associated with myocardial dysfunction and brain injury following cardiac arrest resuscitation in a rat model.

Background: Post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) significantly contributes to mortality after initially successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in cardiac arrest (CA) patients. Effective cardiocerebral protection is essential for improving post-resuscitation survival. This study investigated the mechanisms and common targets of myocardial dysfunction and brain injury after resuscitation.

Robotic Ultrasound Scanning End-Effector with Adjustable Constant Contact Force.

In modern medical treatment, ultrasound scanning provides a radiation-free medical imaging method for the diagnosis of soft tissues via skin contact. However, the exerted contact force heavily relies on the skill and experience of the operator, which poses great inspection instability. This article reports on a robotic ultrasound scanning system with a constant-force end-effector.

Explore the synergistic effects of Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation and tea polyphenols on the deodorization of egg white powder from the perspective of protein site competition.

Spray drying often induces off-odors and diminishes the rehydration capacity of egg white powder (EWP), restricting its utility in food applications. In this study, the synergistic effects of the Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation treatment and the tea polyphenols (TP) addition on the flavor variations, protein structure, microstructure, and dispersion properties of EWP were investigated. The flavor results suggested that fermentation and TP reduced undesirable flavor substances (e.

Injectable Piezoelectric Hydrogel Promotes Tendon-Bone Healing via Reshaping the Electrophysiological Microenvironment and M2 Macrophage Polarization.

Rotator cuff tear (RCT) is a common musculoskeletal disease that poses challenges for functional regeneration of the tendon-bone interface (TBI). The transition of TBI between soft and hard tissues determines its structural and physiological environment complexity. Here, we present an injectable biopiezoelectric material PVA/CNF/BTO@PDA (Piezoelectric) hydrogel based on three-dimensional (3D) printing inspired by the "muscle-electrical coupling".

Legacy effects cause systematic underestimation of NO emission factors.

Agricultural soils contribute ~52% of global anthropogenic nitrous oxide (NO) emissions, predominantly from nitrogen (N) fertilizer use. Global NO emission factors (EFs), estimated using IPCC Tier 1 methodologies, largely rely on short-term field measurements that ignore legacy effects of historic N fertilization. Here we show, through data synthesis and experiments, that EFs increase over time.

Rheology of CHO Cell Suspensions and Its Effects on High-Density Cultivation Process and Bioreactor Design.

With the rapidly growing demand for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) worldwide, optimizing the high-density and ultra-high-density cultivation processes of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has become crucial for enhancing production efficiency. Shear stress and mass transfer have always been the vital operating parameters for the bioreactor in creating a suitable microenvironment for cell growth and antibody production. However, researchers have not actively focused on the rheology of CHO cell suspensions and its impact on these parameters in bioreactors.

CSF1R inhibition agents protect against cisplatin ototoxicity and synergize with immunotherapy for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach. However, limited research exists on combining cisplatin with CSF1/CSF1R immunotherapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Furthermore, few studies have investigated concurrent immunotherapeutic strategies to mitigate cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.

KW-2449 Ameliorates Cardiac Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy.

KW-2449 is a novel multitargeted kinase inhibitor that has been reported to alleviate chronic inflammation and altered immunity during the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of KW-2449 on sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC). A rat model of moderate SIC was induced using the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method.

Evaluation of the genetic diversity and population structure of 5 pheasant breeds in Shanghai.

The genetics of pheasant breeds in Chinese farms has not been investigated yet. Understanding their genetic diversity and population structure is important for future advancements in pheasant breeding. In this study, the whole-genome resequencing was used to analyze a total of 352 samples from 5 pheasant species (American pheasant, White pheasant, Green pheasant, Shenhong pheasant, and Fengxian blue pheasant).

Influence of Cell Physiological Status on the Intensified Fed-Batch Cultures at Ultra-High Seeding Density.

Recent years, intensified fed-batch culture with ultra-high seeding density (uHSD-IFB) is coming to the forefront of manufacturers' choice for its enhanced productivity. However, the effects of seed cell physiological state and aeration strategies on these processes remain underexplored due to the ultra-high seeding density. Currently, the pre-production seeding inoculum (N-1) crucial for the uHSD-IFB cultures relies heavily upon case-by-case empirical experiences.

Recent Advances on Characterization Techniques for the Composition-Structure-Property Relationships of Solid Electrolyte Interphase.

The Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) is a nanoscale thickness passivation layer that forms as a product of electrolyte decomposition through a combination of chemical and electrochemical reactions in the cell and evolves over time with charge/discharge cycling. The formation and stability of SEI directly determine the fundamental properties of the battery such as first coulombic efficiency (FCE), energy/power density, storage life, cycle life, and safety. The dynamic nature of SEI along with the presence of spatially inhomogeneous organic and inorganic components in SEI encompassing crystalline, amorphous, and polymeric nature distributed across the electrolyte to the electrolyte-electrode interface, highlights the need for advanced in situ/operando techniques to understand the formation and structure of these materials in creating a stable interface in real-world operating conditions.

A Mitochondria-Targeting and Peroxynitrite-Activatable Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Precise Tracking of Oxidative Stress-Induced Mitophagy.

Mitochondria are the energy factory of cells and can be easily damaged by reactive oxygen species (ROS) because of the frequent occurrence of oxidative stress. Abnormality in mitophagy is often associated with many diseases including inflammation, cancer, and aging. While previously developed fluorescent probes mainly focus on detecting just ROS or mitophagy, quite rare studies have endeavored to comprehensively capture the entire mitophagic process, encompassing both the production of ROS and the induction of mitophagy.

Analysis of cell lysis for improved understanding between the shake tube and stirred tank reactor perfusion CHO cell cultures.

Shake tubes (ST) are widely employed to assist the development of the stirred tank reactor (STR) perfusion cell culture. However, cell lysis may be frequently underrestimated and lead to culture performance discrepency between these systems, rendering the ST model ineffective in designing the STR perfusion cultures. In this study, perfusion culture performance bewteen the STR and ST was investigated under various conditions with the analysis of cell lysis.