Global Pangenome Analysis Highlights the Critical Role of Structural Variants in Cattle Improvement and Identifies a Unique Event as a Novel Enhancer in IGFBP7+ Cells.

Based on a pangenome graph platform, we simultaneously analyzed the impacts of SNPs and SVs in the population structure and phenotypic formation of global cattle using 2,409 individuals from 82 breeds. We demonstrated that SVs, like SNPs, effectively explain the population structure of global cattle. Genomic regions under strong selection, identified using both SNPs and SVs, consistently revealed footprints associated with human-mediated selection of economic traits in European improved cattle or natural selection of geographical adaptations.

Realization of High-Fidelity Perfect Entanglers between Remote Superconducting Quantum Processors.

Superconducting qubit systems, one of the leading candidates for universal quantum computing, face scalability challenges such as frequency crowding, wiring complexity, and packaging problems. Distributed quantum computing offers a viable strategy for constructing larger quantum information processing systems. Yet, direct universal quantum gates between remote qubits-critical to distributed architectures-remain unrealized.

Comparison of a portable disposable large-channel gastroscope and a conventional reusable gastroscope in gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Background: Conventional reusable endoscopes have high disinfection costs because of their large size. In this study, we compared the effectiveness, safety, and operation performance of the portable disposable large-channel endoscope that we developed with those of a conventional gastroscope in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).

Aim: To compare two gastroscopes in ESD for effectiveness and safety.

A retrospective real-world single-arm study evaluating the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with selected limited-stage small-cell lung cancer.

Background: With the advancement of surgical techniques and the introduction of neoadjuvant therapies, the risk of recurrence or distant metastases has been significantly decreased for non-small-cell lung cancer (non-SCLC) after surgery. In recent years, the application of these advanced techniques and therapies in SCLC has also shown promise. This study aims to explore the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with surgery in selected limited-stage SCLC (LS-SCLC).

Effects of Different Highland Barley Varieties on Quality and Digestibility of Noodles.

This study comprehensively assessed the effects of ten highland barley varieties on the quality and digestibility of noodles. The characteristics of highland barley flour, including proximate composition, pasting properties, and dough mixing behavior, were analyzed. The quality of the resulting noodles was evaluated through cooking and textural property analysis.

Analysis of Comprehensive Edible Quality and Volatile Components in Different Varieties of Cooked Highland Barley.

Twenty-two types of highland barley (HB) raw materials (including 10 common varieties and 5 main planting regions in the Qinghai province) were selected as the experimental materials to investigate their differences in the cooking characteristics, sensory quality, and characteristic flavor of cooked HB. The key volatile flavor components were identified using Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectroscopy (GC-IMS) combined with relative odor activity value (ROAV) analysis. The results indicated that the highland barley raw materials of Kunlun 15 (M5), Kunlun 14 (M9), Chaiqing 1 (M13) and Kunlun 14 (M14), and Chaiqing 1 (M20) and Kunlun 15 (M21) showed superior cooking quality, texture, and sensory scores.

Efficacy and safety of distinct regimens for individuals with advanced EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer who progressed on EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitors: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Targeted therapy with EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is the preferred first-line treatment for EGFR-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but acquired resistance inevitably occurs in almost all responding individuals.

Objectives: We aimed to comprehensively review the literature to investigate the efficacy and safety of distinct regimens in the subsequent-line setting, thereby identifying the optimal regimen for these TKI-resistant NSCLC patients.

Design: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) using a Bayesian framework.

Effects of Harmless Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash on the Macroscopic Properties and Microstructure of Recycled Aggregate Concrete.

With the increasing rate of urbanization and the annual rise in municipal domestic waste, the use of harmless municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (HMSWIFA) as a construction material has been gradually adopted and promoted. However, significant differences exist in how various characteristics of HMSWIFA affect the performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RCA). To analyze the effects of HMSWIFA content and particle size on the macroscopic properties and microstructure of RCA, this paper conducts compressive, flexural, frost resistance, and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) characterization on RCA with varying dosages and particle sizes of HMSWIFA as a cement replacement.

Defect closure after endoscopic submucosal dissection decreased the adverse events in patients with large rectal neoplasms: a propensity score matching analysis.

Background And Aims: The effectiveness of defect closure in preventing postoperative complications in rectal lesions exceeding 30 mm in size following endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) remains uncertain; this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of defect closure in reducing postoperative complications after ESD in patients with large rectal neoplasms.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on consecutive patients with large rectal neoplasms who underwent ESD at our center from January 2013 to December 2024. Patients were divided into two groups: the closure group and the non-closure group.

The role of NLRP3 inflammasome in multiple sclerosis: pathogenesis and pharmacological application.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is widely acknowledged as a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder characterized by central nervous system (CNS) demyelination and neurodegeneration. The hyperactivation of immune and inflammatory responses is recognized as a pivotal factor contributing to the pathogenesis and progression of MS. Among various immune and inflammatory reactions, researchers have increasingly focused on the inflammasome, a complex of proteins.

Unraveling tumoral heterogeneity and angiogenesis-associated mechanisms of PD-1 and LAG-3 dual inhibition in lung cancers by single-cell RNA sequencing.

Background: Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) is a promising immune checkpoint for combination immunotherapy. This study aims to elucidate the exact synergistic anti-tumor mechanism of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and LAG-3 dual inhibition in lung cancer.

Methods: Multiple patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of lung cancer were constructed and analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq).

Endoscopic Delivery of a Double-Umbrella-Shaped Hydrogel Occluder with Instant Mechanical Interlock and Robust Wet Adhesion for Gastric Perforation Repair.

Achieving robust adhesion of bioadhesives on wet tissues to block gastric perforation remains a challenge due to the gradually deteriorated adhesive-tissue interactions by interfacial acidity and multienzyme gastric fluids, thus accompanying failure shedding and life-threatening risks. Here, we report a biocompatible double-umbrella-shaped endoscopy-deliverable hydrogel occluder (EHO) made of caffeic acid (CA)-grafted chitosan (CS) and polyacrylamide (PAM) by molding technique, which is capable of the customizable, rapid, robust, and long-term sealing of large gastric perforations. In addition to interfacial physiochemical interactions (e.

Thermal environment driving specific microbial species to form the visible biofilms on the UNESCO World Heritage Dazu Rock Carvings.

The Dazu Rock Carvings, a UNESCO World Heritage site with over a millennium of history, are facing significant deterioration from microbial biofilms. However, the key microbial species responsible and the environmental factors driving their growth remain unclear. To address this gap, we conducted metagenomic sequencing to characterize the microbial community on the carvings, followed by correlation analyses with a variety of environmental factors in the surrounding air and within the rocks.

Distinct Allosteric Networks in CDK4 and CDK6 in the Cell Cycle and in Drug Resistance.

Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4 and CDK6) are key regulators of the G-S phase transition in the cell cycle. In cancer cells, CDK6 overexpression often outcompetes CDK4 in driving cell cycle progression, contributing to resistance against CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i). This suggests distinct functional and conformational differences between these two kinases, despite their striking structural and sequence similarities.

Distinct allosteric networks in CDK4 and CDK6 in the cell cycle and in drug resistance.

Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4 and CDK6) are key regulators of the G1-S phase transition in the cell cycle. In cancer cells, CDK6 overexpression often outcompetes CDK4 in driving cell cycle progression, contributing to resistance against CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i). This suggests distinct functional and conformational differences between these two kinases, despite their striking structural and sequence similarities.

Controlling pea starch gelatinization behavior and rheological properties by modulating granule structure change with pea protein isolate.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the gelatinization behavior of pea starch (PS) was affected by pea protein isolate (PPI). The findings revealed that higher PPI levels decreased the swelling power of PS. Incorporating PPI raised the hot paste viscosity of PS, lowered the pasting temperature, and notably increased the gelatinization enthalpy according to differential scanning calorimetry analysis.

Efficacy and safety of first-line immunotherapy-based regimens for patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Combination regimens of immunotherapy plus chemotherapy have been approved as the first-line and standard of care for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Novel regimens are continuously being explored, with the ETER701 study being the representative randomized controlled trial (RCT). ETER701 study has assessed the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy with or without anlotinib (multi-target angiogenesis inhibitor) + benmelstobart (programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitor) (Anl/Ben/CT).

Quinoa Saponin Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Behavioral Disorders in Mice by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation, Modulating Gut Microbiota, and Counterbalancing Intestinal Inflammation.

Triterpenoids derived from plants are a promising class of natural antidepressants. This research focused on the therapeutic potential of quinoa saponin (QS) in alleviating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced anxiety and depressive-like behaviors in mice. The most abundant saponin fraction, QS-3, was isolated from QS extracts, and its major saponin components and chemical structure were elucidated.

Quinoa Ethanol Extract Ameliorates Cognitive Impairments Induced by Hypoxia in Mice: Insights into Antioxidant Defense and Gut Microbiome Modulation.

Quinoa, rich in pharmacologically active ingredients, possesses the potential benefit in preventing cognitive impairments induced by hypoxia. In this study, the efficacy of quinoa ethanol extracts (QEE) consumption (200 and 500 mg/kg/d, respectively) against hypobaric hypoxia (HH)-induced cognitive deficits in mice was investigated. QEE significantly ameliorated hypoxic stress induced by HH, as evidenced by improvements in baseline indices and reductions in hypoxia-inducible factor 1α levels.

Evaluation of the genetic diversity and population structure of 5 pheasant breeds in Shanghai.

The genetics of pheasant breeds in Chinese farms has not been investigated yet. Understanding their genetic diversity and population structure is important for future advancements in pheasant breeding. In this study, the whole-genome resequencing was used to analyze a total of 352 samples from 5 pheasant species (American pheasant, White pheasant, Green pheasant, Shenhong pheasant, and Fengxian blue pheasant).

Searching to extrapolate embedding for out-of-graph node representation learning.

Out-of-graph node representation learning aims at learning about newly arrived nodes for a dynamic graph. It has wide applications ranging from community detection, recommendation system to malware detection. Although existing methods can be adapted for out-of-graph node representation learning, real-world challenges such as fixed in-graph node embedding and data diversity essentially limit the performance of these methods.

mTOR Variants Activation Discovers PI3K-like Cryptic Pocket, Expanding Allosteric, Mutant-Selective Inhibitor Designs.

mTOR plays a crucial role in PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. We hypothesized that mTOR activation mechanisms driving oncogenesis can advise effective therapeutic designs. To test this, we combined cancer genomic analysis with extensive molecular dynamics simulations of mTOR oncogenic variants.

Using ERPs to unveil the authenticity evaluation and neural response to online rumors.

The rapid propagation of information in the digital epoch has brought a surge of rumors, creating a significant societal challenge. While prior research has primarily focused on the psychological aspects of rumors-such as the beliefs, behaviors, and persistence they evoke-there has been limited exploration of how rumors are processed in the brain. In this study, we experimented to examine both behavioral responses and EEG data during rumor detection.