Associations between triglyceride-glucose index and glaucoma risk in hypertensive adults: Evidence from a nationally representative cohort.

Background: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and its obesity-related derivatives have emerged as surrogate markers for metabolic dysfunction. This study aimed to explore their associations with glaucoma in hypertensive adults in the U.S.

Pilose antler peptide enhances diabetic fracture healing by modulating the CREB-Smad2/3-Runx2 signaling axis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum, a cornerstone of traditional medicine, is prized for its bone-enhancing and metabolic-regulating effects. Pilose antler peptide (PAP), extracted from this remedy, offers a promising solution for diabetic fracture nonunion, a debilitating condition marked by hyperglycemia-impaired bone healing.

Aim Of The Study: This study investigates PAP's efficacy in accelerating diabetic fracture repair and delineates its molecular mechanisms, merging ethnopharmacological heritage with modern science.

Light-Activated CD36-Targeted Cuproptosis Triggers Metabolic-Immune Synergy for Precision Breast Cancer Therapy.

Breast cancer therapy confronts dual challenges of metabolic plasticity-driven drug resistance and immunosuppression. To address this, we developed DCP-TPP, a therapeutic nanoplatform that integrates dysregulation of copper homeostasis and lipid metabolism for precise breast cancer therapy. Leveraging the overexpression of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) in breast cancer cells, DCP-TPP employs fatty acid camouflage (PCM) to deliver disulfiram (DSF) and photothermal CuBiS to cancer cells and features triphenylphosphonium (TPP) modification for targeted mitochondrial drug delivery.

Multifaceted safety concerns of glibenclamide in managing type 2 diabetes: Evidence from real-world adverse event analysis.

Background: Glibenclamide (Gli), a second-generation sulfonylurea, has been widely used for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to its potent glucose-lowering effect and affordability. Recently, renewed scientific interest has emerged due to its potential anti-aging effects, mediated through mitochondrial function modulation and epigenetic regulation. Despite its longstanding clinical use, Gli's comprehensive real-world safety profile remains incompletely understood.

Synergistic Neuroprotection of Artesunate and Tetramethylpyrazine in Ischemic Stroke, Mechanisms of Blood-Brain Barrier Preservation.

Artesunate (AS) and tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) have been proven to have therapeutic potential in ischemic stroke. Nevertheless, their synergistic treatment mechanisms and effectiveness remain unclear. A rat MCAO model was induced, and AS, combined with TMP, was administered intranasally to rats once a day for 3 days.

Reactivity descriptors for sulfur redox kinetics in lithium-sulfur batteries: from mechanistic insights to machine learning driven catalyst design.

The judicious selection of catalytic materials has emerged as a critical strategy for addressing the notorious lithium polysulfide (LiPS) shuttle effect and sluggish sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) kinetics in lithium sulfur batteries (LSBs). While traditional catalyst development has relied heavily on empirical trial-and-error approaches, recent advances in reactivity descriptor theory offer the potential to understand the mechanisms inherent in the SRR and to revolutionize the catalyst development paradigm, but a comprehensive understanding of the role and origins of descriptors in the SRR remains lacking. This review systematically examines validated descriptor-based research paradigms and their significant advances in LSBs.

A Computationally Optimized Ribonucleic Acid Circularization Strategy without Byproducts.

Circular mRNA (mRNA) exhibits promising potential in mRNA therapy due to its increased stability and extended duration of protein translation, which has sparked an urgent demand for efficient methods to prepare circular RNAs . Here, we present a versatile self-circularization strategy that employs simple motifs to synthesize circular RNAs, achieving robust efficiencies for sequences ranging from dozens to thousands of nucleotides. By leveraging an automated computational program, we optimized highly specific lock-key structures to maximize circularization efficiency, particularly for long RNA substrates.

Prognostic value of the co-stimulatory molecule OX40 expression in Extranodal Natural Killer/T-cell Lymphoma.

Objective: To explore the clinicopathological features and the prognostic values of the co-stimulatory molecules OX40 and the inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS) in Extranodal Natural Killer/T-cell Lymphoma (ENKTL).

Methods: 82 participants (median age 51 years, 26.8% female) were included in this study.

Robust Sustainable Interfacial Evaporators from Lignin for Wastewater Treatment.

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology has emerged as a promising solution for heavy metal-containing wastewater treatment, owing to its environmentally friendly and sustainable energy input advantages. However, the development of low-cost, high-efficiency photothermal agents with enhanced heavy-metal ion tolerance remains a significant challenge for advancing practical solar-powered wastewater treatment. Herein, we developed a series of metal-lignin composites, through a one-pot reaction involving lignin and heavy metal-contained wastewater, which demonstrated outstanding light-harvesting efficiency and photothermal conversion properties.

Phenotypic characterization and genetic factor identification of starch content-related traits in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.).

Twenty-two QTL controlling starch synthesis were identified in foxtail millet, and 14 potential candidate genes were predicted. The content of starch, including amylose and amylopectin, is an essential trait for foxtail millet quality, but its complexity and genetic basis are still poorly understood. Here, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, comprising 215 foxtail millet lines, was employed to analyze the variation in three starch content-related traits and to identify the associated quantitative trait loci (QTL) in six environments.

Residue-free and reusable photodynamic inactivation of foodborne pathogens using a cationic magnetic nano-photosensitizer: An initial exploration in a liquid food system.

A cationic magnetic nano-photosensitizer (CMNP) was developed by co-condensing silanized chlorin e6 and quaternary ammonium groups onto silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. CMNP exhibited excellent colloidal stability, strong photodynamic activity, and enhanced bacterial affinity due to its high surface charge. Under 660 nm irradiation (30 J/cm), CMNP achieved 3.

Lead-driven synergistic interactions in environmental metal (loid) mixtures: Systemic inflammation mediating autism spectrum disorder risk in Chinese children.

Environmental metal (loid) exposure, particularly to lead (Pb), constitutes a growing concern for potential associations with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Current risk assessments may underestimate neurodevelopmental impacts due to co-exposure interactions, while systemic inflammation's mediating role in Pb-ASD relationships remains poorly characterized. This case-control study quantified serum concentrations of eight metal (loid)s via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in 81 ASD cases and 402 typically developing (TD) Chinese children.

Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Nanocluster for Time-Resolved Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemo/Thermal-Therapy against Colorectal Peritoneal Metastasis.

Peritoneal metastasis (PM) originating from gastrointestinal cancer was considered a terminal disease until recently. It poses significant therapeutic challenges due to its diffuse nature and barriers to effective drug delivery. While locoregional approaches such as hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) extend survival, their efficacy is constrained by systemic toxicity and tumor thermoresistance.

Dihydroartemisinin enhances remyelination by switching microglia to the reparative phenotype.

Background: Boosting myelin repair is widely recognized as one of the most powerful approaches for demyelinating therapy, essentially contributing to the recovery of neurological functions. Maintaining immune homeostasis in microglia is a prerequisite for creating a reparative environment for myelin. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is clinically effective in reshaping immunological status and implies potential in treating demyelinating disease.

Efficacy and safety of insulin sensitisers for treating type 2 diabetes: a network meta-analysis.

Purpose: Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), including pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, and non-TZD insulin sensitisers (chiglitazar sodium) demonstrate potential; however, their comparative efficacy and safety remain unclear. We aimed to analyse the efficacy and safety of commonly used insulin sensitisers, including chiglitazar sodium, sitagliptin, pioglitazone, and rosiglitazone for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: A computer-based search was conducted in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, the VIP database, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from the establishment date of each database to January 2025.

Comparison of surgical and postoperative pregnancy outcomes between electrotomy and cold instruments for hysteroscopic myomectomy: a single-center, 3-year retrospective study.

Purpose: To compare and analyze surgical outcomes and postoperative pregnancy outcomes between electrotomy and cold instruments for hysteroscopic myomectomy.

Methods: This study included patients who were diagnosed with submucosal fibroids (FIGO 0-2) in our center and underwent hysteroscopic myomectomy from January 2022 to November 2024. Hysteroscopic myomectomy was performed by either bipolar system or cold instruments.

Nonlinear multi-head cross-attention network and programmable gradient information for gaze estimation.

Gaze estimation is an important indicator of human behavior that can be used for human assistance. Recent gaze estimation methods are primarily based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) or attention Transformers. However, CNNs extract a limited local context while losing important global information, whereas attention mechanisms exhibit low utilization of multiscale hybrid features.

LC-MS/MS quantification of nusinersen in rat cerebrospinal fluid and preclinical pharmacokinetics study application.

Background: Background: An oligonucleotide drug named nusinersen sodium is used to treat Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), requires accurate detection for therapeutic research. There are no published reports on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods for detecting nusinersen in rat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Methods: An LC-MS/MS method has been created and verified to detect nusinersen in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat CSF.

Machine learning-guided evolution of pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase for improved incorporation efficiency of diverse noncanonical amino acids.

The pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS) is widely used to incorporate noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins. However, the yields of most ncAA-containing protein  remain low due to the limited activity of PylRS variants. Here, we apply machine learning to engineer the tRNA-binding domain of PylRS.

A retrospective real-world single-arm study evaluating the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with selected limited-stage small-cell lung cancer.

Background: With the advancement of surgical techniques and the introduction of neoadjuvant therapies, the risk of recurrence or distant metastases has been significantly decreased for non-small-cell lung cancer (non-SCLC) after surgery. In recent years, the application of these advanced techniques and therapies in SCLC has also shown promise. This study aims to explore the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with surgery in selected limited-stage SCLC (LS-SCLC).

Global Patterns and Environmental Drives of Nitrite/Nitrate-Dependent Anaerobic Methane Oxidation Across Natural Ecosystems.

The nitrite/nitrate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (DAMO) plays a crucial role in mitigating methane (CH) emissions and nitrogen (N) loadings in natural ecosystems, significantly contributing to global CH consumption and N balances. However, the global patterns and environmental drivers of these processes across natural ecosystems remain unclear, hindering the estimation and management of global CH emissions. In this study, we compiled a global dataset comprising 527 observations from 59 published studies across terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Global and Chinese perspectives on the growing burden of heart failure: trends, gender, and age-related differences (1990-2021) based on GBD 2021 data.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a growing global health issue, contributing to significant disease burden and increased mortality. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study offers comprehensive data on HF trends by age, sex, and region.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze trends in prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) of HF in China and globally from 1990 to 2021 based on GBD 2021 data.

Chronic kidney disease facilitates TNF-α + neutrophils dysfunction and progression in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background And Aims: The risk of cancer in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly in those on dialysis is high. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Moreover, the involvement of CKD in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is still not fully understood.

Comparison of efficacy and safety of a proposed biosimilar QL1206 with reference denosumab in patients with bone metastasis from breast cancer: A subgroup analysis of a randomized, double-blinded phase III study.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of QL1206 (a denosumab biosimilar to Xgeva®) in breast cancer patients with bone metastasis (BM) through subgroup analysis of a randomized, double-blind phase III trial (No. NCT04550949).

Methods: This subgroup analysis included patients with BM from breast cancer enrolled in a phase III trial.

Research hotspots and emerging trends in MicroRNA therapy for neuropathic pain: a bibliometric analysis (2009-2024).

Objective: This study systematically investigates the evolving trends, research hotspots, and future directions in microRNA-based therapy for neuropathic pain (NP) through bibliometric analysis.

Methods: We extracted literature related to microRNA interventions in NP from the Web of Science Core Collection database, spanning January 2009 to December 2024. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on publication trends, authorship patterns, institutional collaborations, national contributions, journal preferences, co-citation networks, and keyword clusters.