Phenotypic characterization and genetic factor identification of starch content-related traits in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.).

Twenty-two QTL controlling starch synthesis were identified in foxtail millet, and 14 potential candidate genes were predicted. The content of starch, including amylose and amylopectin, is an essential trait for foxtail millet quality, but its complexity and genetic basis are still poorly understood. Here, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, comprising 215 foxtail millet lines, was employed to analyze the variation in three starch content-related traits and to identify the associated quantitative trait loci (QTL) in six environments.

Active dry yeast enhances immunity through modulation of gut microbiota and serum metabolic processes in captive forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii).

Background: The forest musk deer (FMD, Moschus berezovskii), an endangered small ruminant, is listed as a class I protected wild animals in China. However, compared to their wild counterparts, captive FMD are more prone to gastrointestinal diseases caused by gut microbial dysbiosis, which severely limits population growth and increases the risk of mortality. Active dry yeast (ADY), as a commonly used feed additive, has been widely applied in domestic livestock to improve gut microbiota and enhance immune function.

Under heat stress conditions, selenium nanoparticles promote lactation through modulation of rumen microbiota and metabolic processes in dairy goats.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on lactation performance, rumen microbial communities, and metabolism in dairy goats under heat stress conditions. Twenty Guanzhong dairy goats with the same parity, similar lactation period (120 ± 15 days), and similar milk yield (1.20 ± 0.

Dynamic QTL mapping reveals the genetic architecture of stem diameter across developmental stages in foxtail millet.

Dynamic QTL analysis identified the key QTL qSD-9-1 and candidate genes SiGPI8, SiCesA5 and SiNPC1 associated with the developmental stages of foxtail millet stem diameter. Abstact. Stem diameter (SD) is a critical agronomic trait influencing lodging and yield in foxtail millet, yet its potential in selective breeding remains under-explored.

Dietary supplementation with contributes to the improvement of hormone levels, gut microbiota, and serum metabolite composition in the Chinese forest musk deer ().

The Chinese forest musk deer () is a small ruminant animal with special economic value. It is listed as a National Level I key protected species in China. However, these animals are prone to stress responses in captive environments.

New advances in biological preservation technology for aquatic products.

Aquatic products, characterized by their high moisture content, abundant nutrients, and neutral pH, create an optimal environment for the rapid proliferation of spoilage organisms, lipid oxidation, and autolytic degradation. These factors collectively expedite the spoilage and deterioration of aquatic products during storage and transportation within the supply chain. To maintain the quality and extend the shelf-life of aquatic products, appropriate preservation methods must be implemented.

Genetic dissection of foxtail millet bristles using combined QTL mapping and RNA-seq.

QTL mapping of two RIL populations in multiple environments revealed a consistent QTL for bristle length, and combined with RNA-seq, a potential candidate gene influencing bristle length was identified. Foxtail millet bristles play a vital role in increasing yields and preventing bird damage. However, there is currently limited research on the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying foxtail millet bristle formation, which constrains the genetic improvement and breeding of new foxtail millet varieties.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles improve lactation and metabolism in dairy goats by modulating the rumen microbiota.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on lactation, rumen microbiota, and metabolomics in dairy goats. Twenty Guanzhong dairy goats, with comparable milk yields and in the mid-lactation stage, were randomly divided into two groups, with 10 goats in each group. The control group was fed a standard diet, while the ZnONP group received the control diet plus 30 mg ZnONPs/kg DM.

Integrated Thermal Proteome Profiling and Affinity Ultrafiltration Mass Spectrometry (iTPAUMS): A Novel Paradigm for Elucidating the Mechanism of Action of Natural Products.

Natural products (NPs) are foundational to drug discovery, offering a rich repertoire of molecular diversity with multifaceted modes of action against a broad array of targets. Despite their potential, deconvoluting the intricate mechanism of action (MoA) of NPs, characterized by their multicomponent, multitarget, and multilevel interactions, remains a formidable challenge. Here, we introduce an innovative pipeline called integrated thermal proteome profiling and affinity ultrafiltration mass spectrometry (iTPAUMS).

Integrated metabolomics and proteomics analyses to reveal anticancer mechanism of hemp oil extract in colorectal cancer.

Cannabis sativa L., with a rich history in Chinese folk medicine, includes hemp strains that offer substantial economic and medical benefits due to their non-addictive properties. Hemp has demonstrated various pharmaceutical activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor effects.

Research advances in huntingtin-associated protein 1 and its application prospects in diseases.

Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) was the first protein discovered to interact with huntingtin. Besides brain, HAP1 is also expressed in the spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion, endocrine, and digestive systems. HAP1 has diverse functions involving in vesicular transport, receptor recycling, gene transcription, and signal transduction.

A synthetic peptide exerts nontolerance-forming antihyperalgesic and antidepressant effects in mice.

Chronic pain is a prevalent and persistent ailment that affects individuals worldwide. Conventional medications employed in the treatment of chronic pain typically demonstrate limited analgesic effectiveness and frequently give rise to debilitating side effects, such as tolerance and addiction, thereby diminishing patient compliance with medication. Consequently, there is an urgent need for the development of efficacious novel analgesics and innovative methodologies to address chronic pain.

Hydroxychloroquine: Key therapeutic advances and emerging nanotechnological landscape for cancer mitigation.

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a unique class of medications that has been widely utilized for the treatment of cancer. HCQ plays a dichotomous role by inhibiting autophagy induced by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Preclinical studies support the use of HCQ for anti-cancer therapy, especially in combination with conventional anti-cancer treatments since they sensitize tumor cells to drugs, potentiating the therapeutic activity.

A Q-marker screening strategy based on ADME studies and systems biology for Chinese herbal medicine, taking Qianghuo Shengshi decoction in treating rheumatoid arthritis as an example.

Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) exhibits a broad spectrum of clinical applications and demonstrates favorable therapeutic efficacy. Nonetheless, elucidating the underlying mechanism of action (MOA) of CHM in disease treatment remains a formidable task due to its inherent characteristics of multi-level, multi-linked, and multi-dimensional non-linear synergistic actions. In recent years, the concept of a Quality marker (Q-marker) proposed by Liu has significantly contributed to the monitoring and evaluation of CHM products, thereby fostering the advancement of CHM research.

Evaluation of reduced graphene oxide-based nanomaterial as dispersive solid phase extraction sorbent for isolation and purification of aflatoxins from poultry feed, combined with UHPLC-MS/MS analysis.

Poultry feed comprises cereals and their by-products and is vulnerable to aflatoxins contamination. This study utilised reduced graphene oxide-titanium dioxide (rGO-TiO) nanomaterial as a dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) adsorbent to extract, enrich and purify aflatoxins (aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1 and aflatoxin G2). The synthesis of rGO-TiO nanomaterials through hydrothermal process and characterisation by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and X-ray diffraction reveals that the nanomaterials have a single-layer structure embedded with TiO nanoparticles.

Network pharmacology and metabolomics elucidate the underlying mechanisms of Venenum Bufonis in the treatment of colorectal cancer.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Venenum Bufonis (VBF), a traditional Chinese medicine derived from the dried secretions of the Chinese toad, in treating colorectal cancer (CRC). The comprehensive roles of VBF in CRC through systems biology and metabolomics approaches have been rarely investigated.

Aims Of The Study: The study sought to uncover the potential underlying mechanisms of VBF's anti-cancer effects by investigating the impact of VBF on cellular metabolic balance.

PD-1: A New Candidate Target for Analgesic Peptide Design.

Chronic pain is a common health problem in humans. The unique properties and valuable clinical applications of analgesic peptides make them attractive pharmacotherapy options for pain control. Numerous targets for pain modulation processes are currently known, including opioid receptors, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, voltage-gated ion channels, neuronal nicotinic receptors, and neurotensin receptors.

Exploration of the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Lanqin oral solution based on the network pharmacology analysis optimized by Q-markers selection.

Network pharmacology is widely used to predict the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), but the framework in traditional network pharmacology analysis ignores the relationship between the concentration of components and drug efficacy. Lanqin oral solution (LOS) is a TCM formulation that widely used in the clinical treatment of pharyngitis, but its pharmacodynamic mechanism is still unknown. The present study was designed to elaborate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of LOS based on the quality markers (Q-markers).

Feasibility of an NIR spectral calibration transfer algorithm based on optimized feature variables to predict tobacco samples in different states.

The prediction accuracy of calibration models for near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy typically relies on the morphology and homogeneity of the samples. To achieve non-homogeneous tobacco samples for non-destructive and rapid analysis, a method that can predict tobacco filament samples using reliable models based on the corresponding tobacco powder is proposed here. First, as it is necessary to establish a simple and robust calibrated model with excellent performance, based on full-wavelength PLSR (Full-PLSR), the key feature variables were screened by three methods, namely competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), variable combination population analysis-iteratively retaining informative variables (VCPA-IRIV), and variable combination population analysis-genetic algorithm (VCPA-GA).

Rapid Determination of Geniposide and Baicalin in Lanqin Oral Solution by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy with Chemometric Algorithms during Alcohol Precipitation.

The selection of key variables is an important step that improves the prediction performance of a near-infrared (NIR) real-time monitoring system. Combined with chemometrics, NIR spectroscopy was employed to construct high predictive accuracy, interpretable models for the rapid detection of the alcohol precipitation process of Lanqin oral solution (LOS). The variable combination population analysis-iteratively retaining informative variables (VCPA-IRIV) was innovatively introduced into the variable screening process of the model of geniposide and baicalin.

Huntington-associated protein 1 inhibition contributes to neuropathic pain by suppressing Cav1.2 activity and attenuating inflammation.

Although pain dysfunction is increasingly observed in Huntington disease, the underlying mechanisms still unknown. As a crucial Huntington-associated protein, Huntington-associated protein 1 (HAP1) is enriched in normal spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) which are regarded as "primary sensory center," indicating its potential functions in pain process. Here, we discovered that HAP1 level was greatly increased in the dorsal horn and DRG under acute and chronic pain conditions.

Exploring the Absorption Mechanisms of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids to Epigallocatechin Gallate.

Imidazolium-based ionic liquids are wildly used in natural product adsorption and purification. In this work, one typical polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) was synthesized by using L-proline as the anion, which exhibited excellent adsorption capacity toward tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). The adsorption conditions were optimized with the response surface method (RSM).