Harnessing Immunomodulation: How Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials Orchestrate Bone Regeneration.

The immune system and biomaterials exhibit a well-documented synergistic interplay, essential for bone defect healing. Calcium phosphate (CaP) biomaterials, notably hydroxyapatite, β-tricalcium phosphate, and biphasic calcium phosphate, are widely employed as bone substitutes due to their inherent osteoconductivity. A key challenge for synthetic CaPs is augmenting their osteoinductive potential.

EBM-WGF: Training energy-based models with Wasserstein gradient flow.

Energy-based models (EBMs) show their efficiency in density estimation. However, MCMC sampling in traditional EBMs suffers from expensive computation. Although EBMs with minimax game avoid the above drawback, the energy estimation and generator's optimization are not always stable.

Carboxypeptidase E is a prognostic biomarker co-expressed with osteoblastic genes in osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare primary malignant bone tumor in adolescents and children with a poor prognosis. The identification of prognostic genes lags far behind advancements in treatment. In this study, we identified differential genes using mRNA microarray analysis of five paired OS tissues.

Development, Characterization and Osteoinductive Efficacy of a Novel Biomimetically-Precipitated Nanocrystalline Calcium Phosphate With Internally-Incorporated Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2.

The repair of large-volume bone defects (LVBDs) remains a great challenge in the fields of orthopedics and maxillofacial surgery. Most clinically available bone-defect-filling materials lack proper degradability and efficient osteoinductivity. In this study, we synthesized a novel biomimetically-precipitated nanocrystalline calcium phosphate (BpNcCaP) with internally incorporated bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BpNcCaP + BMP-2) with an aim to develop properly degradable and highly osteoinductive granules to repair LVBDs.

Activity and safety of SHR3680, a novel antiandrogen, in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a phase I/II trial.

Background: Antagonizing the androgen-receptor (AR) pathway is an effective treatment strategy for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Here, we report the results of a first-in-human phase 1/2 study which assessed the safety, pharmacokinetics, and activity of SHR3680 (a novel AR antagonist) in patients with metastatic CRPC.

Methods: This phase 1/2 study enrolled patients with progressive metastatic CRPC who had not been previously treated with novel AR-targeted agents.

Correction: Anti-osteosarcoma effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles both and by downregulating the FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Correction for 'Anti-osteosarcoma effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles both in vitro and in vivo by downregulating the FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway' by Renxian Wang et al., Biomater. Sci.

Analysis of Immune Gene Expression Subtypes Reveals Osteosarcoma Immune Heterogeneity.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) patients have a poor response to immunotherapy due to the sheer complexity of the immune system and the nuances of the tumor-immune microenvironment. . To gain insights into the immune heterogeneity of OS, we identified robust clusters of patients based on the immune gene expression profiles of OS patients in the TARGET database and assessed their reproducibility in an independent cohort collected from the GEO database.

Building Osteogenic Microenvironments With Strontium-Substituted Calcium Phosphate Ceramics.

Bioceramics have experienced great development over the past 50 years. Modern bioceramics are designed to integrate bioactive ions within ceramic granules to trigger living tissue regeneration. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that strontium is a safe and effective divalent metal ion for preventing osteoporosis, which has led to its incorporation in calcium phosphate-based ceramics.

Anti-osteosarcoma effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles both in vitro and in vivo by downregulating the FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Numerous studies have reported that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nano-HAPs) can inhibit the proliferation of a variety of tumor cells and this effect is different in different carcinoma cells. However, the effect of nano-HAPs on osteosarcoma cell proliferation has not been well understood thus far. In this study, we first showed that our synthesized nano-HAPs reduced cell viability and inhibited migration and invasion of OS-732 cells in a concentration-dependent manner.

Therapeutic Potential of Circular RNAs in Osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Multiagent chemotherapy, together with surgical removal of all detectable lesions, has improved the long-term survival rate to 65-70% in patients with localized osteosarcoma and to 25-30% in patients with metastatic osteosarcoma since the 1970s. However, the conventional strategy has not improved in recent decades.

A polyethylenimine/salicylaldehyde modified cellulose Schiff base for selective and sensitive Fe detection.

We describe a new solid-state colorimetric sensor synthesized by micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) in the presence of polyethylenimine (PEI) and salicylaldehyde (SA) via an oxidation process and two successive Schiff base reactions. The formation of the Fe complex led to color change detectable by eye, as well as an absorption peak at 501 nm causing fluorescence quenching. The signal was linear with the concentration ranging from 4 to 20 ppm; the detection limit is 0.

Impact of different color fiber sleeves on beam hazards of 532-nm laser and vaporization efficiency.

The 532-nm laser has become increasingly popular for the treatment of urologic diseases. However, laser beam will pose significant hazards for the health of surgeons. In order to reduce beam hazards during surgery, we compared the beam hazards of laser fiber with black sleeves to the traditional fiber with transparent sleeves, and the vaporization efficiency.

Photoselective Vaporesection of the Prostate via an End-firing Lithium Triborate Crystal Laser.

The occurrence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common problem with a high incidence in the aging male population. Although it is not a life-threatening disease, BPH causes problems that seriously impact the quality of life. Here, we introduce a new technique called photoselective vaporesection of the prostate (PVRP) in treating BPH, which can be seen as a variation of photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP).

Triptorelin relieves lower urinary tract symptoms in Chinese advanced prostate cancer patients: a multicenter, non-interventional, prospective study.

Background: Although triptorelin is increasingly used in China for biochemical castration, its effects on primary prostate cancer symptoms remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in Chinese prostate cancer patients and the effectiveness of triptorelin on LUTS.

Methods: In this 48-week multicenter, non-interventional, prospective study, we enrolled patients with locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer.

A comparative study of Gaussian and non-Gaussian diffusion models for differential diagnosis of prostate cancer with in-bore transrectal MR-guided biopsy as a pathological reference.

Background Although several studies have been reported on evaluating the performance of Gaussian and different non-Gaussian diffusion models on prostate cancer, few studies have been reported on the comparison of different models on differential diagnosis for prostate cancer. Purpose To compare the utility of various metrics derived from monoexponential model (MEM), biexponential model (BEM), stretched-exponential model (SEM) based diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer. Material and Methods Thirty-three patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination.

Photoselective Vaporesection of the Prostate with an End-firing Lithium Triborate Crystal Laser.

Background: Photoselective vaporization of the prostate is a technique that is widely used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and has pronounced advantages compared to the traditional transurethral resection of the prostate. Following the recent introduction of end-firing lithium triborate lasers, we have created a new technique called photoselective vaporesection of the prostate (PVRP). This study described our initial experience using the PVRP technique for the treatment of BPH.

Evaluation of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer in Patients with Prostate-specific Antigen <20 ng/ml.

Background: The European Society of Urogenital Radiology has built the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) for standardizing the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). This study evaluated the PI-RADS diagnosis method in patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) <20 ng/ml.

Methods: A total of 133 patients with PSA <20 ng/ml were prospectively recruited.

Diagnostic Yield and Complications Using a 20 Gauge Prostate Biopsy Needle versus a Standard 18 Gauge Needle: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Purpose: To compare and evaluate whether a 20 gauge (20G) biopsy needle maintains a similar detection rate as that of the commonly used 18G needle for transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUSPB) aimed at assessing prostate cancer (PCa) and decreasing pain and complications.

Materials And Methods: A total of 122 cases with indications of PCa were randomly allocated into two groups for this randomized controlled study. TRUSPB was performed randomly using either an 18G or 20G needle for core biopsies (62 cases with 18G and 60 cases with 20G).

Low-level Ki-67 expression as an independent predictor of bladder tumour recurrence in patients with primary upper tract urothelial carcinoma after radical nephroureterectomy.

Objective: To evaluate the association of molecular markers and conventional clinicopathological factors with bladder tumour recurrence in patients with primary upper tract urothelial carcinoma after radical nephroureterectomy.

Methods: The expressions of Ki-67 and P53 were measured by immunohistochemical staining prospectively in 115 consecutive patients with primary upper tract urothelial carcinoma from March 2004 to February 2014. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify independent predictors.

[Use of abiraterone acetate in the treatment of patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer and no prior chemotherapy: 3 case reports and literature review].

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficiency of using abiraterone and prednisone in the treatment of patient with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) no prior chemotherapy.

Methods: Three mCRPC no prior chemotherapy patients accepted abiraterone and prednisone treatment. The clinical data were analyzed retrospectively and the safety and efficiency of this treatment option were discussed.

[Correlation of androgen receptor CAG repeats with the risks of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer: a meta-analysis].

Objective: To explore the association of the androgenic receptor (AR) CAG repeats with the risks of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: We searched the major databases at home and abroad for the literature addressing the correlation of the AR gene CAG repeats with BPH and PCa. Based on the results of heterogeneity tests, we used the M-H fixed effect model and random effect model to pool the odds ratio (OR) effect size.

[Relationship of the positive rate of TRUS guided prostatic biopsies with routine diagnostic findings in detecting prostate cancer].

Objective: To study the relationship of the positive rate of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostatic biopsies in detecting prostate cancer with the findings of digital rectal examination (DRE), prostate imaging and measurement of the f/t PSA ratio.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical findings of 365 patients with PSA of 4-10 microg/L who had received DRE, prostate imaging and measurement of the f/t PSA ratio. We performed TRUS guided prostatic biopsies and then analyzed the relationship between the biopsy results and previous findings.