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The immune system and biomaterials exhibit a well-documented synergistic interplay, essential for bone defect healing. Calcium phosphate (CaP) biomaterials, notably hydroxyapatite, β-tricalcium phosphate, and biphasic calcium phosphate, are widely employed as bone substitutes due to their inherent osteoconductivity. A key challenge for synthetic CaPs is augmenting their osteoinductive potential. Indeed, the limited translation of biomaterials into clinical practice may largely stem from insufficient immunomodulatory understanding. Current evidence reveals the complex host immune response to CaPs, which is mediated by physical and biochemical properties. Harnessing immunomodulatory strategies could bridge inflammatory modulation and osteogenesis, thereby enhancing bone regeneration. This review systematically analyzes recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of immune cell responses to CaPs during bone defect healing, deepening our understanding of immunomodulatory strategies for bone regeneration. Furthermore, key knowledge gaps are highlighted to inspire the development of spatiotemporally responsive CaPs for bone tissue engineering.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.tea.2025.0091 | DOI Listing |
Int J Biol Macromol
September 2025
The Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Phaholyothin Rd., Bangkok 10900, Thailand. Electronic address:
A prototype bioactive calcium phosphate model-specifically hydroxyapatite (HA) derived from eggshells-was developed using a sodium silicate (NaSiO) solution as an inorganic binder, precursor, and reinforcing agent, in combination with collagen nanofibers for bone engineering applications. The sodium silicate solution, functioning as a waterglass adhesive, introduced cohesive forces within the hydroxyapatite matrix, thereby enhancing its physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Eggshell-derived bioactive hydroxyapatite offers several advantages, including non-toxicity, biocompatibility, collagen adhesion, and the ability to mimic bone structure, making it suitable for tissue engineering.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUrolithiasis
September 2025
Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Osaka, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, 565- 0871, Japan.
Kidney stones have a high recurrence rate-10% within 5 years and 50% within 10. Crystalluria reflects the urinary physicochemical environment and may serve as a recurrence marker, but key crystals like brushite are rarely detected under ambient conditions. This study aimed to identify novel recurrence markers by inducing crystallization through urine cooling and analyzing crystal composition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomaterials
August 2025
Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Cen
Dental tissue regeneration is often challenged by the hostile inflammatory microenvironment and the dysfunction of reparative cells due to oxidative stress. This study presents a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging nanozyme induced by ligand-to-metal charge transfer, engineered as a multifunctional capping material through the in situ growth of copper-gallate (CuGA) on hydroxyapatite nanofibers (HAFs). The obtained CuGA@HAF demonstrates superior ROS-scavenging capacity through its multi-enzyme mimetic activity, effectively rescuing the function of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) under oxidative stress by restoring mitochondrial homeostasis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
Intrafibrillar mineralization plays an important role in dentin repair. Current research on intrafibrillar mineralization primarily focuses on the precise positioning of mineral precursors within collagen and the reduction of mineralization time. Inspired by the multifunctionality of noncollagenous proteins (NCPs), we developed a dual-analogue system, 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) followed by 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-l-alanine (l-DOPA)-stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate (M + LA), which integrated a nucleation inhibitor l-DOPA and inducer 10-MDP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomater Investig Dent
August 2025
Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Introduction: Ca release from specimens made of a composite containing dicalcium phosphate dihydrate particles (CaHPO.2HO, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate [DCPD]) was followed during 1 year.
Methods: Specimens were individually immersed in deionized water ( = 3).