Robust tracking control of uncertain autoloaders by implicit Lyapunov method and scleronomic Lagrangian mechanics-informed neural network.

The autoloader is a key subsystem in modern main battle tanks, mainly responsible for ammunition transfer, loading, and resupply. However, it often suffers from uncertainties induced by base oscillations, leading to potential instability. While various control strategies have been proposed, most rely on prior knowledge of such oscillations.

Altered voxel-wise degree centrality of brain networks in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the paranasal sinus and nasal cavity. Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with CRS have an increased risk of emotional and cognitive disorders. Although neuroimaging studies have identified brain alterations in CRS, the specific etiology of these neurological changes remains unclear.

Four ambuic acid derivatives and one caryophyllene-type sesquiterpenoid from Pestalotiopsis chamaeropis.

Fourteen specialized metabolites, including four previously undescribed ambuic acid derivatives (compounds 1-4) and an unreported caryophyllene-type sesquiterpenoid (compound 5), were isolated and characterized from the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis chamaeropis associated with the medicinal plant Artemisia selengensis. Their structures were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis (NMR, HR-ESI-MS) and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Anti-inflammatory activity screening against LPS-stimulated RAW 264.

Magnetite-mediated microbial functional restructuring and electron transfer pathways for enhanced PAHs degradation in contaminated sediments.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments threaten aquatic ecosystems and human health due to their persistence and toxicity. This study investigated the effects of nano-Fe₃O₄ (magnetite) on PAHs biodegradation in contaminated river sediments under simulated aquatic conditions over 210 days. Sediments amended with 0.

Social hierarchy and resilience affect stress-induced PTSD via Uba7 gene expression and subsequent inflammation in microglia of the mPFC.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs in individuals who have experienced a traumatic event; however, not everyone who has experienced a traumatic event will develop this condition, highlighting the significance of susceptibility factors. Social hierarchy is a critical behavioral regulator of stress susceptibility and a risk factor for mental disorders. Individual resilience, the ability to recover from acute stress and preclinical injury, also plays a role in PTSD susceptibility.

Quantifying localized heatwave impact on mortality: a multi-country modeling study in the Asia-Pacific region.

Background: Heatwave is a global health threat. However, existing heatwave definitions often rely on fixed temperature thresholds without incorporating region-specific health outcomes or population acclimatization, limiting their applicability across diverse climatic and demographic contexts. We aimed to assess the impact of localized heatwave on mortality based on a proposed framework of health-based heatwave definition.

Transcription factor AcNAC056 and AcMADS1 regulate gibberellin 2-oxidase gene AcGA2ox1 induced parthenocarpy in Actinidia eriantha.

Kiwifruit, as a functionally dioecious fruit crop, necessitates pollination for female plants to achieve fruit set. In this study, exogenous application of the plant growth regulator 2,4-D successfully induced parthenocarpy, resulting in significantly higher fruit set rates compared to natural pollination while producing seedless fruits containing only empty seed coats. Through transcriptome analysis of the flower and young fruit, 10 key candidate genes were identified.

Puerarin-rich compound Puerariae lobatae formulas alleviate hyperuricemia in mice by enhancing renal and intestinal function through regulating gut microbiota.

Background: Hyperuricemia, a metabolic disorder strongly associated with gout and cardiorenal diseases, has become a global health threat affecting over 15% of the worldwide population. Current pharmacotherapies face limitations due to adverse effects during prolonged use. Natural medicines like Radix Puerariae Lobatae have demonstrated therapeutic potential with superior safety profiles.

Effects of plant growth regulator (2,4-D) treatments on fruit development and chemical content in the kiwifruit plant (Actinidia chinensis).

As a dioecious fruit tree, Kiwifruit requires pollination for female plants to bear fruit. This study used 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a plant growth regulator, to induce fruit set, improve quality and increase kiwifruit yield in Actinidia chinensis var. 'Donghong' without pollination.

Classifying brain metastases originating from different pathological subtypes of lung cancer via a multimodal magnetic resonance imaging-based deep learning approach.

Background: The prompt, efficient, and noninvasive classification of brain metastases (BMs) originating from different pathological subtypes of lung cancer remains a challenging task to undertake in clinic. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of a deep learning (DL) approach based on multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in classifying BMs originating from different pathological subtypes of lung cancer.

Methods: This retrospective analysis analyzed 262 patients with lung cancer BMs between August 2019 and September 2021, including 154 cases of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), 48 cases of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), and 60 cases of other pathological subtypes of lung cancer (OPTLC).

Seasonal variations in greenhouse gas production in coastal sandy sediments.

Understanding the greenhouse gas (GHG) production rates and ecological effects of sandy coastal sediments is critical for refining global carbon cycle assessments. Despite their extensive distribution and potential role in climate regulation, sandy sediments remain understudied compared to muddy counterparts, particularly regarding seasonal dynamics and redox-controlled biogeochemical processes. This study investigates seasonal GHG dynamics in sandy coastal sediments of the Guangdong Province, China.

Oncolytic herpes simplex virus reprograms cancer-associated fibroblasts to enhance antitumor immunity in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exhibits profound cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-driven immunosuppression. While oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) remodels the tumor microenvironment (TME), its direct impact on CAFs remains unclear. Here, we utilized a CAF-enriched PDAC model (1:10 KPC tumor cells:pancreatic stellate cells) to investigate oHSV therapy.

Learning Generalized Medical Image Representation by Decoupled Feature Queries.

Medical images are usually collected from multiple clinical centers with various types of scanners. When confronted with such significant cross-domain distribution discrepancy, a deep network tends to capture similar patterns by multiple channels, while different cross-domain patterns are also allowed to rest in the same channel. Such channel redundancy limits the expressive capability of a representation, resulting in less preferable generalization ability.

Short-term exposure to PM constituents and mortality risks for diabetes subtypes and related complications in eastern China.

Background: Although fine particulate matter (PM) pollution is widely linked with diabetes-related morbidity and mortality, research on the short-term effects of its components across diabetes subtypes and complications is limited.

Methods: We conducted an individual-level time-stratified case-crossover study by investigating over 55 thousand diabetes-related deaths in Jiangsu province of eastern China, between 2016 and 2019. Daily concentrations of total PM and its five primary components, including black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), nitrate (NO), sulfate (SO), and ammonium (NH) were assigned to each death on case and control days at the residential address.

Fabrication and Characterization of the Moiré Surface State on a Topological Insulator.

A Moiré superlattice on the topological insulator surface is predicted to exhibit many novel properties but has not been experimentally realized. Here, we developed a two-step growth method to successfully fabricate a topological insulator SbTe thin film with a Moiré superlattice, which is generated by a twist of the topmost layer via molecular beam epitaxy. The established Moiré topological surface state is characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy.

Exciton polariton condensation in a perovskite moiré flat band at room temperature.

Moiré superlattices exhibit fascinating moiré flat bands when two layers of van der Waals materials are twisted at specific magic angles, providing unparalleled opportunities to explore unconventional correlated quantum phenomena. Exciton polaritons, hybrid quasiparticles of excitons and photons, have emerged as promising synthetic platforms for exploring moiré physics beyond conventional systems. However, the realization of moiré exciton-polariton flat bands and their condensation remains challenging.

Observation of Intrinsic and LED Light-Enhanced Memristor Performance in In-Plane Ferroelectric NbOI.

Two-dimensional (2D) layered ferroelectrics, as an emerging area of research, have attracted extensive attention, while memristors based on 2D ferroelectric materials are yet to be fully explored, thereby limiting their applications in modern nanoelectronics. In this work, we report the observation of intrinsic memristive behavior in a recently discovered 2D in-plane ferroelectric material, NbOI, and the giant enhancement of the memristive performance by using light-emission diode (LED) visible light. The results show that NbOI devices exhibit an intrinsically strong memristive response with a current on/off ratio of up to 10 and stable switching cycles, which is largely independent of the back-gate voltage.

Effect of flow velocity variation on individual behaviour and collective cohesion of two fish species.

Proper recognition of fish swimming and collective behaviours hold great significance in the development of fish conservation. The influence mechanism of hydrodynamic parameters on fish collective and swimming behaviours remains incompletely established. This study investigated the individual and collective behaviours of juvenile Hemibarbus maculatus Bleeker and Dabry's sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus) under various flow velocities [≈1-7 body length (BL/s)] from laboratory experiments and video analysis.

Ecological dynamics and resilience of anabranching rivers: Ecohydraulic insights from fish habitats.

Anabranching river systems, characterized by multiple stable channels separated by vegetated islands, play a crucial role in maintaining aquatic biodiversity. Despite their ecological significance, anabranches' influence on ecohydraulic environments and fish habitats remains largely unexplored. This study seeks to address the gap by offering an in-depth investigation into the habitat dynamics and sensitivity of anabranching rivers, aiming to enhance the understanding of anabranches' ecological suitability, resilience, and stability.

Hydration performance and optimization of multi-solid waste composite calcined sewage sludge.

The rapid increase in sewage sludge (SS) production and the global pursuit of carbon neutrality have driven the demand for the high-value construction material utilization of SS. In this study, calcium-rich solid wastes-carbide slag (CS) and phosphogypsum (PG)-were co-calcined with SS at elevated temperatures (800-1000 °C) to address the insufficient cementitious activity of thermally activated sludge. The resulting products were used to replace 30% of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in pastes.

Investigation of the pulse evolution dynamics in cascaded nanosecond diamond Raman lasers.

Raman lasers based on diamond crystals, known for their high Raman gain and high power-handling capabilities, have garnered significant attention in recent years for their potential in high-power multi-wavelength laser applications. While extensive research has been conducted on gain competition among multiple wavelengths in the Raman cascade process, the impact of this competition on the pulse waveforms of different Stokes orders has received limited focus. In this work, we investigate how gain competition influences the pulse waveforms during cascaded conversion in a Raman oscillator.

Clinical study of 3D-printed personalized prostheses for the treatment of traumatic metacarpophalangeal joint defects.

Background: Complex trauma results in a variety of nonstandard bone defects in the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of patients, limiting the choice of commercial prostheses. This study aims to investigate the early clinical efficacy of 3D-printed personalized prostheses in the reconstruction of traumatic MCP joints.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 7 cases of 3D printed MCP joint prostheses replacement surgeries performed by the same surgeon.

3D Deep-learning-based Segmentation of Human Skin Sweat Glands and Their 3D Morphological Response to Temperature Variations.

Skin, the primary regulator of heat exchange, relies on sweat glands for thermoregulation. Alterations in sweat gland morphology play a crucial role in various pathological conditions and clinical diagnoses. Current methods for observing sweat gland morphology are limited by their two-dimensional, in vitro, and destructive nature, underscoring the urgent need for real-time, non-invasive, quantifiable technologies.