Flash and ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Lyophyllum decastes and evaluation of their fecal fermentation characteristics.

The extraction methods of polysaccharides significantly affect their characteristics and functional properties. However, the impact of flash extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction on the physicochemical properties and prebiotic effect of Lyophyllum decastes polysaccharides remains poorly understood. In this study, polysaccharides from Lyophyllum decastes were extracted using ultrasound-assisted and flash extraction methods, yielding the fractions LDP-R and LDP-S after purification, respectively.

Arachidonic acid/Alox15 alleviates the progression of ulcerative colitis by modulating ferroptosis levels.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a long-lasting, nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease involving continuous, diffuse intestinal mucosal injury. The pathogenesis of UC involves genetic polymorphism, oxidative stress, immune response, and microbial infection. Ferroptosis participates in UC progression as a novel non-apoptotic cell death, and its specific mechanism in UC progression deserves further investigation.

A copper complex with a thiazole-modified tridentate ligand: synthesis, structural characterization, and anticancer activity in B16-F10 melanoma cells.

Copper serves as a crucial trace element in various biological systems. Copper ions form complexes with different ligands, amplifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and promoting intracellular ROS accumulation in multiple cancer cell types. In this study, a copper(II) complex, dichlorido[4-(5-bromothiazol-2-yl)-2,2'-bipyridine] copper(II) (Cu1), was synthesized using a terpyridine derivative as the ligand.

Lithospermum erythrorhizon polysaccharide alleviates obesity via gut microbiota-mediated reprogramming of bile acid and short-chain fatty acid metabolism.

Lithospermum erythrorhizon, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb and functional food ingredient, contains bioactive soluble polysaccharide with documented anti-obesity and metabolic regulatory properties. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the anti-obesity effects of Lithospermum erythrorhizon polysaccharide (LEP) fraction remain poorly characterized. In this study, diet-induced obese (DIO) mice treated with LEP exhibited significant suppression of body weight gain and hepatic lipid deposition, accompanied by improved liver function and elevated systemic energy expenditure.

Quantify downstream delivery of bioavailable nutrients in cascade reservoirs by developing a watershed-reservoir modeling system.

It is widely perceived that reservoirs retain riverine nutrients, such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), hence impact downstream primary production and food chains. However, growing evidence indicates that reservoirs could enhance the downstream transport of bioavailable N and P, a phenomenon that has not been adequately quantified. In this study, we developed an integrated watershed-reservoir modeling system that combines a watershed nutrient load model with an in-reservoir mass balance model.

Biodegradable Quercetin-Incorporated Poly(Lactic Acid)/Chitosan Functional Films: A Study of the Properties and Application in Enhancing Fish Preservation.

Traditional plastic packaging materials have brought serious environmental pollution and a number of health risks; so the development of biodegradable polymers as an alternative has received increasing attention. Here, active packaging materials with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and biodegradable properties were prepared using poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and chitosan loaded with quercetin. The experimental results demonstrate that the PLA/chitosan/quercetin film achieved an impressive ABTS radical scavenging rate of up to 98.

Biomarkers and neuroimaging markers in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Biomarkers from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, and peripheral tissue hold promise for early PD detection. In addition, neuroimaging techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET), allow for detailed visualization of neurodegeneration and associated structural and functional brain changes.

Disrupted betaine metabolism drives Th17 cell differentiation, mediating methamphetamine-induced depressive behaviors in male mice.

Unlabelled: Methamphetamine (METH) abuse, a global public health concern, is closely linked to neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression. Although the central nervous system (CNS) damage induced by METH is well documented, the role of peripheral immune mechanisms remains underexplored. To investigate this, we establish a depressive-like mouse model in male mice using repeated intraperitoneal METH injections.

Objective assessment of gait and posture symptoms in Parkinson's disease using wearable sensors and machine learning.

Objective: Gait and posture symptoms-such as gait impairments, postural instability, and posture deformations-are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and closely linked to falls. Traditional assessments using clinical scales are time-consuming and prone to subjective bias. This study aims to predict the severity of gait and posture symptoms using data collected from wearable sensors during a single laboratory-based walking assessment, providing an objective, efficient, and automated evaluation approach.

Cytochalasans from the fungus Chaetomium globosum with cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cell line.

Five previously undescribed cytochalasans, chaetomichalasins A-E, along with seventeen known analogues, have been isolated from the solid culture of the fungus Chaetomium globosum. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, with absolute configurations confirmed by electronic circular dichroism calculations. All compounds were assessed for their cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell line, with nine exhibiting cytotoxic activity with IC values ranging from 2.

Unraveling morphological brain network disparities Parkinsonian tremor from essential tremor: an artificial intelligence approach for clinical differentiation.

Tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease (TD) and Essential Tremor (ET) are the two most common types of tremors, posing huge challenges in diagnosis. This study was to investigate the pathogenesis of tremors using brain morphology and employ artificial intelligence techniques for distinguishing them. The cortical thickness differences in TD were primarily centered on the right precuneus, while in ET were mainly observed in the right medial orbitofrontal cortex.

Impact of Paravertebral Muscle Degeneration on Residual Low Back Pain Following Percutaneous Kyphoplasty for Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Residual low back pain (LBP) is frequently reported after percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs), yet its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Paravertebral muscles (PVMs) degeneration, particularly fat infiltration and atrophy may contribute to persistent postoperative pain.

Objective: To evaluate the association between PVMs degeneration and residual LBP after PKP and identify imaging-based predictors for risk stratification.

Divergent driving mechanism of land uses on soil erodibility between different soil types in the ecological zone of Three Gorges Reservoir Area.

Soil erodibility is a vital parameter utilized for soil erosion prediction, yet its variability remains poorly understood due to complex interactions between soil properties and land use types. To address this gap, six typical land uses of slope farmland (SF), broad-leaved forest land (BF), coniferous forest land (CF), orchard (O), shrubland (S), and grassland (G) were selected across two dominant soil types (yellow and purple) in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Seven soil erodibility indicators and a comprehensive soil erodibility index (CSEI) were quantified and the differential influencing mechanism of soil erodibility among different soil and land use types were identified.

Classifying brain metastases originating from different pathological subtypes of lung cancer via a multimodal magnetic resonance imaging-based deep learning approach.

Background: The prompt, efficient, and noninvasive classification of brain metastases (BMs) originating from different pathological subtypes of lung cancer remains a challenging task to undertake in clinic. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of a deep learning (DL) approach based on multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in classifying BMs originating from different pathological subtypes of lung cancer.

Methods: This retrospective analysis analyzed 262 patients with lung cancer BMs between August 2019 and September 2021, including 154 cases of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), 48 cases of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), and 60 cases of other pathological subtypes of lung cancer (OPTLC).

α-Synuclein Promotes the Expression and Release of Neurofilament Light Chain from Oligodendrocytes in a Murine Model: Implication for Multiple System Atrophy?

Objective: The understanding of neurofilament light chain (NfL) presence and release in oligodendrocytes is limited. This study aims to determine the NfL expression in oligodendrocytes, investigate whether excess ɑ-synuclein (α-syn) impacts NfL expression, release, and functions in oligodendrocytes, as well as detect plasma NfL-positive oligodendrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (ODEVs) changes in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA), Parkinson's disease (PD), and healthy controls (HCs).

Methods: NfL expression in oligodendrocytes was assessed using RNAscope and immunofluorescence staining in human and mouse brain slices, as well as flow cytometry in mouse brain single-cells.

Effects of Cannabis Exposure on Adolescent Health and Development: A Narrative Review.

Adolescence is an immature but adventurous time period of exploration. Due to rapid developments of the brain with unbalanced release of neurotransmitters, adolescents are prone to impulsivity that may carry out potentially dangerous behaviors. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, more than one-third of high school students have reported the use of cannabis or marijuana in 2019, and the trend has not declined since.

The Combination of Celastrol and Curcumin Enhances the Antitumor Effect in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Inducing Ferroptosis.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly invasive form of head and neck cancer that arises from nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Celastrol and curcumin, both derived from traditional Chinese medicine, have demonstrated antitumor potential. However, the clinical application of these compounds is limited by their low bioavailability and/or toxicity.

Glymphatic Dysfunction in Non-Manifesting Carriers of LRRK2 and GBA Pathogenic Variants.

Background: Non-manifesting carriers of LRRK2 and GBA pathogenic variants represent a unique cohort for investigating neuroprotective interventions at the prodromal stage of Parkinson's disease (PD). A critical challenge is identifying effective markers to predict non-manifesting carriers at high risk of developing PD.

Objectives: Our goal was to investigate whether glymphatic function is impaired in non-manifesting carriers and to evaluate the potential of glymphatic dysfunction as a marker for identifying individuals at high risk of PD.

The Leavening Agents Affect the Protein-Starch Matrix Formation and In Vitro Starch Digestibility of Chinese Steamed Bread.

The present study investigates the influence of different fermentation starters-sourdough and commercial yeast-on the textural characteristics, structural features, and in vitro starch digestibility of Chinese steamed bread (CSB). Two commercial yeast strains (CD0672 and CD0731) and sourdoughs from distinct regions in China (SDJZ-Shandong Jiaozi and SXJZ-Shaanxi Jiaozi) were utilized. The sourdough fermented SXJZ-CSB exhibited the highest hardness (15.

Synergistic Regulation of Perovskite Crystallization and Defect Passivation via l-Ascorbic Acid Sodium Salt for High Performance FAPbI Perovskite Solar Cells.

The two-step sequential deposition process has been widely employed to fabricate perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the random orientation of lead iodide (PbI) template and undesirable PbI residues resulting from the rapid and unregulated solid-liquid reaction poses a significant challenge to achieving high performance and long-term stability of two-step processed PSCs. Here, l-ascorbic acid sodium salt (l-AASS) was introduced into the lead iodide (PbI) precursor solution to delicately control the FAPbI crystallization kinetics behavior via manipulating the arrangement mode of mesoporous PbI template, which provides a more favorable foundation for the subsequent infiltration and reaction of organic salts.

Identification of clinical diagnostic and immune cell infiltration characteristics of acute myocardial infarction with machine learning approach.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a serious heart disease with high fatality rates. The progress of AMI involves immune cell infiltration. However, suitable clinical diagnostic biomarkers and the roles of immune cells in AMI remain unknown.

Iridium(III) complexes as type I photosensitizers for hypoxic two-photon photodynamic therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a non-invasive therapeutic modality, has significantly improved skin cancer treatment in recent years. Nonetheless, the limitations associated with conventional photosensitizers, such as their substantial dependence on oxygen and restricted light penetration, continue to pose considerable challenges for clinical applications. Herein, five Iridium(III) complexes have been developed as type I photosensitizers for two-photon PDT targeting melanoma.

Splenial lesions of the corpus callosum: a comprehensive study on etiology, clinical presentation, radiological features, and prognostic insights.

The corpus callosum (CC), situated at the base of the interhemispheric fissure, serves as the largest transverse commissural fiber bundle connecting the two hemispheres of the brain. The posterior segment of the CC is referred to as the "splenium". A spectrum of congenital and acquired pathologies can affect the splenium, presenting with a heterogeneous and multifaceted clinical phenotype.

Ecological security patterns for coordinating development in frozen soil regions - construction framework by coupling climate change and development objectives.

Ecosystems are facing serious degradation issues due to global warming and human activities. Construction of ecological security patterns (ESPs) has become an essential means to protect ecosystems. However, previous studies focus on a single indicator and lack coordinated assessment.

Combining transformer and 3DCNN models to achieve co-design of structures and sequences of antibodies in a diffusional manner.

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