Magnetron sputtering to enhance bone integration of tantalum-coated titanium implants: an in vitro and in vivo analysis.

Unlabelled: Ti6Al4V (TC4) widely used in bone implants, has good mechanical properties but unremarkable bone-forming capacity. Tantalum (Ta) features excellent biocompatibility and suitability for osteogenesis, albeit with a significantly higher elastic-modulus. In this study, we combined the strengths of both materials to optimize implant materials.

Ecological Selection as Drivers During Early Speciation: Insights From Two Allopatric Cypress Species in the Himalaya.

Understanding the factors driving speciation is fundamental to evolutionary biology. While geographic isolation has long been considered a primary factor, the role of ecological selection during early speciation stages is poorly understood. The Himalaya, a biodiversity hotspot, offers a unique opportunity to study these processes.

Hybrid integrated Gbps quantum random number generator based on laser phase fluctuation.

The quantum random number generator (QRNG) operates based on fundamental quantum mechanical principles to produce high-quality random numbers. Recently, chip-based QRNGs have garnered significant attention due to their compact size, low cost, and reduced power consumption. In this work, we demonstrate a hybrid integrated QRNG leveraging continuous-wave (CW) laser phase fluctuations.

Estimation of Multi-Category Youden Index Based on the Lehmann Assumption.

The Youden index is a widely used metric for assessing diagnostic accuracy in two-class classification problems, particularly for determining the optimal decision cutoff point. In this article, we extend this concept to a multiple-category classification framework by introducing semi-parametric estimators for the generalized Youden index and its associated optimal threshold, under the Lehmann assumption. Our proposed estimators are much easier to implement than the traditional nonparametric estimators.

Source analysis of soil selenium and evaluation of soil environmental quality and safety in the eastern area of Zichuan District, Shandong Province.

Zichuan District is a selenium (Se)-rich area discovered in Shandong Province. This study analyzed the source of soil Se in the eastern area of Zichuan District with using multivariate statistical analysis methods and considering the contribution of exogenous input for the first time. Additionally, the environmental quality of soil was evaluated using single factor index methods and comprehensive evaluation methods.

Optimal Linear Combination of Biomarkers by Weighted Youden Index Maximization.

In medical research, it is common practice to combine various biomarkers to improve the accuracy of disease diagnosis. The weighted Youden index (WYI), which assigns unequal weights to sensitivity and specificity based on their relative importance, serves as an important and flexible evaluation metric of diagnostic tests. However, no existing methods have been designed specifically to identify the optimal linear combination of biomarkers that maximizes the WYI.

Circadian rhythm in gastrointestinal cancer: clinical applications and future perspectives.

Gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) ranks among the most fatal malignancies globally and is characterized by a significant propensity for metastasis. While surgical intervention can effectively cure GIC in its early stages, a substantial number of cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, where the response to current therapeutic options is markedly diminished. Increasing evidence highlights the pivotal role of circadian rhythm, an intrinsic 24-hour cyclical system regulating biological activities to adapt to the alternations of day and night in the progression, metastasis, and development of chemoresistance in GIC.

Natural Polyphenol-Assisted Dispersing Liquid Metal/Carbon Composite Electrode for the Superior Interface in Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cells.

Carbon-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) present lower power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared with that of metal-based PSCs. One of the main reasons is the limited conductivity of carbon materials. Liquid metals (LMs) with good fluidity and excellent conductivity can be applied as superior electrode materials for a broad range of applications.

Constructing Type-II Band Alignment of 3D/2D Heterojunction for Improved Carrier Transport in Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cells.

High defect density and low stability remain significant obstacles in the development of efficient and stable 3D perovskite solar cells (PSCs), while 3D/2D hybrid PSCs have emerged as promising candidates due to their excellent environmental tolerance. However, the performance of 3D/2D PSCs might be further limited by carrier transport within the films caused by quasi-2D phases with multiple n-values. Herein, precrystallized 2D phenylethylamine lead iodide (PEAPbI) crystals and methylammonium chloride (MACl) were introduced into the bulk phase of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI) to improve crystal quality and growth orientation.

The application value of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in cervical spinal canal stenosis decompression surgery.

Background Context: Although intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) has been widely recognized and used in spine surgery, its characteristics vary for different types of spinal disorders, necessitating the development of tailored monitoring strategies. Cervical spinal stenosis presents complex clinical symptoms and carries significant surgical risks, creating a critical need to clarify the monitoring features, alert patterns, and their relationship with outcomes in such surgeries. A comprehensive assessment and the development of a refined IONM monitoring plan throughout the perioperative period is an important direction for future research.

Junction Field-Effect Transistors Based on MoSe/WSe Heterostructures for High-Performance Photodetection.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials show great potential in creating high-performance ultracompact photodetectors. Existing 2D photodetectors are usually designed based on a photogating effect or photovoltaic effect. However, achieving a balance between photodetectivity and photoresponsivity presents a significant challenge due to increased dark currents at trap level recombination or the lack of a gain mechanism.

Accounting for extent of non-compliance when estimating treatment effects on an ordinal outcome in randomized clinical trials.

Background: In randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with non-compliance, evaluating the causal effects of interventions would lead to a more precise estimation of treatment effect when the estimand of interest is the effect of treatment amongst compliers. While there is a large body of literature addressing the issue of non-compliance for continuous, binary, and time-to-event outcomes, this issue is seldom discussed for ordinal outcomes.

Methods: In this paper, we consider one-sided non-compliance.

Ethanol-assisted synthesis of titanium-rich TS-1 zeolite: a new hexa-coordinated Ti site for efficient propylene epoxidation.

TS-1 (MFI) zeolites are widely utilized in various green oxidation reactions, such as alkene epoxidation and alcohol oxidation. To elevate their catalytic efficacy, strategies such as increasing Ti content or constructing highly active Ti species within zeolite are commonly employed. Here, we synthesized a titanium-rich TS-1 zeolite (Si/Ti ratio of 25.

Heavy metal enrichment characteristics and synergistic evaluation in soil-crop-human systems of agricultural land with different soil parent materials.

Heavy metal (HM) pollution in agricultural areas seriously threatens food security and ecological health. In this study, based on different soil parent materials, the HMs enrichment in the soil-crop systems of two typical eastern Chinese agricultural lands was compared and analyzed. Multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis, influence index of comprehensive quality and HHRA model were used to understand the bioaccumulation and to evaluate the soil-crop-human system.

eIF4A1 exacerbates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice by promoting nuclear translocation of transgelin/p53.

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A1 (eIF4A1) is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that participates in a variety of biological and pathological processes such as cell proliferation and apoptosis, and cancer. In this study we investigated the role of eIF4A1 in ischemic heart disease. The myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model was established in mice by ligation of the left anterior descending artery for 45 min with the subsequent reperfusion for 24 h; cultured neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes (NMVCs) treated with HO (200 μM) or H/R (12 h hypoxia and 12 h reoxygenation) were used for in vitro study.

A Varying-Coefficient Additive Hazard Model for Recurrent Events Data.

The additive hazard model, which focuses on risk differences rather than risk ratios, has been widely applied in practice. In this paper, we consider an additive hazard model with varying coefficients to analyze recurrent events data. The model allows for both varying and constant coefficients.

Change surface regression for nonlinear subgroup identification with application to warfarin pharmacogenomics data.

Pharmacogenomics stands as a pivotal driver toward personalized medicine, aiming to optimize drug efficacy while minimizing adverse effects by uncovering the impact of genetic variations on inter-individual outcome variability. Despite its promise, the intricate landscape of drug metabolism introduces complexity, where the correlation between drug response and genes can be shaped by numerous nongenetic factors, often exhibiting heterogeneity across diverse subpopulations. This challenge is particularly pronounced in datasets such as the International Warfarin Pharmacogenetic Consortium (IWPC), which encompasses diverse patient information from multiple nations.

Unveiling the Texture Secrets of Germplasm: Advanced Grading and Quality Assessment Through Texture Profile Analysis (TPA).

is an edible mushroom with medical applciations. To explore the correlation between the texture indices of and to establish a sensory quality evaluation system, the texture quality characteristics of 214 germplasm resources from our country were analyzed via the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) method on a texture analyzer. The research revealed significant differences in the texture quality characteristics of both the pileus and stipe among populations.

Binding of to dystrophin impairs the membrane trafficking of Nav1.5 protein and increases ventricular arrhythmia susceptibility.

Dystrophin is a critical interacting protein of Nav1.5 that determines its membrane anchoring in cardiomyocytes. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the regulation of cardiac ion channels, while their influence on sodium channels remains unexplored.

Limnobacter olei sp. nov., a Novel Diesel-Degrading Bacterium Isolated from Oil-Contaminated Soil.

A bacterial strain P1, capable of degrading diesel and converting thiosulfate to sulfate was isolated from an oil-contaminated soil sample. The cells were Gram-stain-negative, slightly curved rods and motile with a single polar flagellum. Growth of the strain was observed at 4-45 °C (optimum at 28 °C), at pH 4.

Enrichment mechanism and probabilistic health risk assessment of high-fluoride groundwater in Gaomi City, China.

Fluoride (F) is the most important inorganic pollutant in groundwater that affects human health, and analyzing the causes of high-fluoride groundwater is a prerequisite for protecting the health of residents. To comprehensively understand the enrichment characteristics of groundwater in the high-fluoride areas, this study systematically investigated the concentrations of fluoride in Gaomi City, a typical study area in the Jiaolai Plain and explored the spatiotemporal distribution patterns, enrichment mechanisms, and the probabilistic health risk associated with F. The results indicate that there is serious fluorine pollution in groundwater, which is mainly concentrated in the alluvial plain in the north and affected by topographical and aquifer characteristics.

Dual-Functional Passivation Agent of Natural Dye Congo Red For Enhanced Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cells.

Carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) have acquired broad interest due to their superior stability and lower cost compared with metal-based perovskite solar cells (M-PSCs). However, the presence of perovskite defects greatly limits the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term stability of C-PSCs. Herein, a natural dye Congo red molecule containing dual-functional groups of amino and sulfonic acids is first used as a surface passivation agent to treat the surface of perovskite films.

Effect of Structure on Osteogenesis of Bone Scaffold: Simulation Analysis Based on Mechanobiology and Animal Experiment Verification.

Porous scaffolds, whose mechanical and biological properties are greatly affected by structure, are new treatments for bone defects. Since bone repair is related to biomechanics, analyzing the osteogenesis in scaffolds based on mechanical stimulation may become a more effective method than traditional biological experiments. A tissue regeneration algorithm based on mechanical regulation theory was implemented in this study to evaluate the osteogenesis of classical scaffolds (Gyroid, I-WP, and Diamond).