Transdiagnostic homogeneity, and diagnostic-specific biomarkers among major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia during 40 Hz auditory steady-state response: a normative modeling analysis.

Background: Abnormal gamma-band auditory steady-state response (gamma-ASSR) power has been reported in major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SZ), but distinguishing between these disorders based solely on power remains challenging. Directed functional connectivity (DFC), which captures topological patterns of causal information flow, may provide more diagnostic-specific markers. However, conventional case-control framework often disregards the substantial individual heterogeneity, yielding unreliable biomarkers.

Novel Thioredoxin reductase 1 inhibitor BS1801 relieves treatment resistance and triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress by elevating reactive oxygen species in glioma.

Glioma patients will inevitably develop resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) leading to tumor recurrence. By comparing genomic differences between primary and recurrent glioma patients, Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) was identified as a crucial role in TMZ resistance. Glioma cells elevate the expression level of TXNRD1 to against TMZ-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby conferring TMZ resistance.

Unveiling the yeast interaction: Insights into the role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites in regulating Torulaspora delbrueckii aroma biosynthesis during wine fermentation.

The interactions between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and non-Saccharomyces yeasts through secreted metabolites play a crucial role in shaping wine aroma profiles, yet the underlying mechanisms remain inadequately understood. This study used a cell/medium separation strategy coupled with transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to elucidate the influence of S. cerevisiae metabolites on aroma biosynthesis in Torulaspora delbrueckii during wine fermentation.

Strong Metal-Support Interactions in Catalytic Oxidation of VOCs: Mechanistic Insights, Support Engineering Strategies, and Emerging Catalyst Design Paradigms.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) significantly impact air quality as photochemical smog precursors and health hazards. Catalytic oxidation is a leading VOC abatement method but suffers from catalyst deactivation due to metal sintering and competitive adsorption in complex mixtures. Strong metal-support interactions (SMSIs) provide atomic level control of interfacial electronic and geometric structures.

Harnessing Electrocatalytic Coupling of Carbon Dioxide and Methanol for High-Efficiency Formic Acid Production.

The coupling of electrocatalytic CO reduction (ECR) and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) presents a promising strategy for simultaneous cogeneration of formic acid (FA) at both cathode and anode. However, sluggish kinetics, low selectivity and efficiency hinder practical application. Herein, we demonstrate an integrated ECR||MOR system employing CuBi cathode and NiCo anode for energy-efficient FA cogeneration.

Inhibition mechanisms of xanthan gum on high-dose gallic acid-induced functional deterioration of myofibrillar protein: Focusing on gelling and emulsification behaviors.

For purpose of overcoming the negative impact of high-dose phenols on meat quality, xanthan gum (XG), a natural anionic polysaccharide, was employed to prevent the undesirable interaction between myofibrillar protein (MP) and gallic acid (GA, 150 μmol/g) and ameliorate the gel and emulsification characteristics of MP. XG dose-dependently alleviated the structural damage of MP caused by GA and reduced protein aggregation, manifested as the decrease in surface hydrophobicity, turbidity and aggregate size (p < 0.05) and increase in α-helix content and intrinsic fluorescence.

Advances in chitin and chitosan-based materials for microplastics treatment.

Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as widespread environmental pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, primarily due to the extensive use of plastic products, their persistent nature, and improper disposal methods. It is essential to develop effective purification methods to treat the hazardous MPs in water. Chitin and chitosan (CS) have gained attention as promising adsorbents for MPs because of their low cost, abundance, biodegradability, and the presence of functional groups such as amino and hydroxyl groups, which facilitate the removal of various toxins from wastewater.

Glucomannan polysaccharides derived from Pediococcus pentosaceus: From molecular characteristics to inhibition on colonic cancer cells proliferation.

Extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) from Pediococcus pentosaceus were obtained, followed by investigation of their structural and functional properties. Current results indicated the polysaccharides belonged to glucomannans, which mainly consisted of mannose and glucose with a molecular weight of 2248.71 kDa.

Cellulose nanocrystal composite films with bioinspired structural color for mechanically robust passive daytime radiative cooling.

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) offers a sustainable solution to global energy challenges by dissipating heat without energy input. However, conventional PDRC materials face trade-offs between biodegradability, color integration, optical transparency, and mechanical robustness. Herein, a biomimetic, structurally colored PDRC film fabricated via evaporation-induced self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), betaine, and polyvinyl alcohol was developed.

A review on microbial metabolic engineering for the improvement of itaconic acid production.

Itaconic acid (IA), also known as methylene-butanedioic acid, is one of the top 12 platform chemicals in the world and demand for it is growing worldwide. The itaconic acid molecule contains one reactive double bond and two carboxyl groups, endowing it with chemical reactivity. It is widely used in fields such as light industry, agriculture, energy, and medical applications.

Buyang Huanwu Decoction Promotes Post-Stroke White Matter Repair via TREM2-Dependent Microglial Phagocytosis and IGF1 Secretion.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: White matter injury (WMI) following ischemic stroke represents a critical pathological determinant of persistent neurological impairment, with current therapeutic options remaining limited. Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD), a time-honored formulation historically deployed in traditional Chinese medicine to address post-stroke sequelae, exhibits documented neuroprotective efficacy; nevertheless, its mechanistic actions governing post-ischemic white matter restoration and remyelination are yet to be fully deciphered.

Aim Of The Study: This study aimed to elucidate whether BYHWD facilitates post-ischemic white matter restoration via TREM2-dependent mechanisms.

Production of chondroitin by Corynebacterium glutamicum through co-utilization of glucose and xylose from corn straw.

Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a biopolymer with critical applications in osteoarthritis treatment and biomedical sectors, faces production challenges due to low yields and high costs. This study established a high-yield chondroitin (the major precursor of CS) production platform in Corynebacterium glutamicum for the simultaneous utilization of glucose and xylose from corn straw hydrolysate. Firstly, through codon optimization of genes encoding chondroitin synthase (KfoC) and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-4-epimerase (KfoA), combined with tailoring metabolic pathways and medium components for chondroitin synthesis, yielded the high-titer strain CgC25.

Pillar-like Macrocycle Reversibly Self-Assembled from a Molecular Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter Based on B ← N Dative Bonds with Intriguing Fluorescence.

Incorporating boron atoms into organic macrocycles imparts unique chemical, electronic, and optical properties. The concept of making use of dative boron-nitrogen (B ← N) bonds for the construction of macrocycles has been proposed, but very few examples have been prepared with functional structures, much less pillar-like and other prismatic macrocycles, and their various functionalities have not been fully exploited. Here, we introduce a "functional molecular wall" synthetic protocol based on the self-assembly characteristics of B ← N dative bonds to construct highly symmetrical macrocycles, forming a quasi-pentagonal-shaped macrocycle (named [5]pyBN-) with a pillar-like structure.

Palmatine mitigates ischemic brain injury by regulating microglial polarization and sphingolipid metabolism.

Background: To elucidate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of palmatine, a principal alkaloid derived from Coptis chinensis, on neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke rat models induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).

Methods: Initially, qPCR was employed to assess the impact of neurotrophic factors secreted by SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells on the phenotypes of BV2 cells. Alterations in sphingolipid profiles within neuronal supernatants were characterized using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and molecular docking studies were conducted to investigate the interaction of palmatine with key enzymes involved in sphingolipid metabolism.

Comparative analysis of endplate volumetric bone mineral density and endplate vertebral bone quality for predicting cage subsidence in lateral lumbar interbody fusion.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the predictive efficacy of quantitative CT (QCT)-based endplate volumetric bone mineral density (EP-vBMD) and MRI-based endplate vertebral bone quality (EBQ) score for cage subsidence (CS) after lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF).

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent single-level LLIF in conjunction with pedicle screw fixation at the authors' institution between January 2019 and April 2023. The volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) was measured based on preoperative CT using phantom-less QCT software.

Drug-induced liver injury prediction based on graph convolutional networks and toxicogenomics.

Drug-induced liver injury is a leading cause of high attrition rates for both candidate drugs and marketed medications. Previous in silico models may not effectively utilize biological drug property information and often lack robust model validation. In this study, we developed a graph convolutional network embedded with a biological graph learning (BioGL) module-named BioGL-GCN(Biological Graph Learning-Graph Convolutional Network)-for drug-induced liver injury prediction using toxicogenomic profiles.

Data-Driven Insights in Single-Molecule Break Junction Studies: A Comprehensive Review of the Data Analysis Methods.

Single-molecule electronics has emerged as a transformative field at the intersection of chemistry, physics, and nanotechnology, enabling the direct probing of charge transport phenomena at the molecular scale. The break junction technique, which measures conductance across metal-molecule-metal junctions, has become a cornerstone for studying single-molecule dynamics and quantum transport. However, interpreting the large-scale unlabeled conductance traces poses significant challenges.

High-performance stretchable organic solar cells enabled by cyclic nanoring additives.

Conjugated carbon cyclic nanorings ([6]CPP) were introduced as solid additives into PM6:Y6 active layers to enhance film stretchability without sacrificing photovoltaic performance. Intrinsic stretchable organic solar cells (OSCs) with 5 wt% [6]CPP retained about 77% of their initial PCE after 25% tensile strain, demonstrating significantly improved mechanical durability compared to devices without additives.

Nickel/Photoredox-Catalyzed Reductive Alkylation/Aldol Reaction.

We report herein the first reductive alkylation/aldol reaction via dual nickel/photoredox catalysis. This catalytic strategy completes the traditional approaches that require the performance of reactive organometallic reagents. By the simple assembly of unactivated alkyl halides, α,β-unsaturated carbonyls, and aldehydes in one-pot reaction, a variety of synthetically valuable β-hydroxyl carbonyl compounds can be synthesized under mild conditions with moderate to good yields.

Advances of bispecific antibodies using/application in dermatology: a review.

Bispecific antibodies represent an important innovation in the field of biomedicine in recent years. Compared to monoclonal antibodies, their specific structure enables a single antibody molecule to bind to two different antigens simultaneously. This characteristic endows bispecific antibodies with more functions, regulating multiple signal pathways simultaneously, enhancing the therapeutic effect, and by infusion of targeted tumor antigens and drug carriers in advance, the contact time between the drug and normal tissues is reduced, and the toxic side effects are greatly reduced.

Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic advances of peritubular capillary neogenesis in acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury is a clinical syndrome characterized by a rapid decline in renal function, driven by pathological mechanisms such as renal tubular epithelial cell injury, inflammatory responses, and microcirculatory dysfunction. In recent years, the role of angiogenesis in AKI recovery and regeneration has gained increasing attention. Angiogenesis plays a dual role in tissue repair and pathological remodeling, exhibiting complex spatiotemporal dynamics during AKI progression.

Isoquercitrin Promotes Angiogenesis Through the Genomic Signaling Pathway of the Estrogen Receptor-Alpha.

Postmenopausal women's estrogen decline is a key factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Phytoestrogen may prevent CVD by protecting vascular endothelium and inhibiting vascular smooth muscle proliferation via receptor's genomic or nongenomic pathways, yet effective estrogen receptor α (ERα)-targeting phytoestrogens need further exploration. Molecular docking and thermal shift assay were used to verify compound binding to ERα.

Accelerated biological ageing and cardiovascular disease trajectories: a multistate analysis.

Background: Accelerated biological ageing has been linked to elevated risks of hypertension (HTN) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), yet its role in shaping the dynamic progression from health to HTN, to CVDs, and ultimately to mortality remains poorly understood. We aimed to investigate these transitions using biological ageing measures and to assess the mediating role of intermediate disease states.

Methods: We analysed data from 136 614 UK Biobank participants aged 38-73 years, all free of HTN and CVDs at baseline.

Improving the phytoremediation efficiency of soil phenanthrene contamination by addition of exogenous laccase with soil temperature regulation.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose a significant threat to ecosystem security and human health. Laccase, a copper-containing oxidase, can oxidize aromatic compounds, potentially enhancing soil organic contaminants degradation and reducing secondary pollution risks in phytoremediation. However, the combined effects of laccase addition and soil temperature on phytoremediation efficiency remain underexplored.

Advanced Imaging and Localization Techniques in Brain Tumor Resection: A Review for Precision Tumor Removal.

Brain tumors are one of the most dangerous cancers with serious effects on human health. The primary treatment approach involves a combination of surgery, supplemented by postoperative radiotherapy. The growth pattern of malignant tumor is typically infiltrative, posing a challenge in visually distinguishing the tumor from the surrounding normal brain tissue during surgery.