A review on microbial metabolic engineering for the improvement of itaconic acid production.

Itaconic acid (IA), also known as methylene-butanedioic acid, is one of the top 12 platform chemicals in the world and demand for it is growing worldwide. The itaconic acid molecule contains one reactive double bond and two carboxyl groups, endowing it with chemical reactivity. It is widely used in fields such as light industry, agriculture, energy, and medical applications.

Tissue-specific endophytic microbiome responses to " Liberibacter asiaticus" in two citrus cultivars.

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (CLas), is a destructive disease threatening global citrus industry. Although citrus cultivars differ in HLB sensitivity, how infection alters endophytic bacterial communities in cultivars with contrasting susceptibility remains unclear. Here, we compared endophytic microbiome shifts in leaf and root tissue of HLB-susceptible Shatangju mandarin (C.

Novel COL4A3-COL4A5 variants and digenic inheritance in pediatric Alport syndrome from Southwestern China.

Alport syndrome is a hereditary glomerular disease driven by pathogenic variants in COL4A3-COL4A5 that compromise the α3-α4-α5 type IV collagen scaffold, manifesting as persistent hematuria, proteinuria, and ultimately end-stage renal disease. Its pronounced phenotypic variability, low sensitivity of renal biopsy, and limited response to ACE inhibitors complicate accurate diagnosis and therapy. In a cohort of 40 pedigrees from southwest China, we discovered 21 novel COL4A3-COL4A5 mutations.

Structure, Mechanical Properties, and Rheological Characteristics of Poly(Butylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate)-Polylactic Acid Blends Modified via In Situ Maleic Anhydride Grafting.

Polylactic acid (PLA) materials face inherent limitations in many applications due to their low toughness. To address this challenge, this study employed a reactive melt-grafting method to prepare maleic anhydride (MA)-grafted poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT-MA), providing an effective approach to improve the interfacial compatibility between PLA and PBAT, thereby significantly enhancing the toughness and impact resistance of PLA and expanding its application scope. The grafting reaction process of PBAT-MA was investigated, as well as its toughening mechanism and effect on PLA.

Identification of an antifungal lipopeptide from HAU3 inhibiting the growth of using preparative chromatography and 2D-NMR.

Unlabelled: The presence of fungal contamination and its mycotoxins in animal feed is pervasive, posing a significant threat to the well-being and performance of animals, as well as the safety of animal-derived food products. In this work, we screened a strain of () HAU3 that exhibits efficient antifungal activity against the growth of (). The antifungal activity was detected in the supernatant, with 20% sterile supernatant demonstrating an impressive antifungal rate of 98.

Changes in pathogenicity of gut microbiota during fasting-induced molting in laying hens and their impact on spleen immune function.

Fasting-induced molting (FIM) leverages the natural molting mechanism of aging laying hens to enhance their egg production and egg quality. However, fasting may also increase the risk of pathogen infection and activate immune regulation in the spleen. Understanding the specific types of pathogen infections triggered during FIM and their impacts on the spleen's immune regulation mechanisms is crucial for enhancing the immunological resilience of poultry.

Unraveling the regulatory mechanisms of fasting-induced molting on follicle development in laying hens.

Fasting-Induced Molting (FIM) has been shown to enhance the laying rate and extend the laying cycle of hens in the late laying period. However, the precise regulatory mechanism underlying FIM's effects on follicle development remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate these mechanisms by utilizing RNA-seq to analyze the gene expression changes during FIM and identify the key genes involved in follicle development, thereby uncovering the molecular pathways through which FIM exerts its regulatory effects.

AUF1 Is a Novel Negative Regulator for Hepatitis B Virus Replication Acting Through a Posttranscriptional Manner.

Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatitis B virus (HBV)-host interactions will hold promise for identifying novel therapeutic targets for HBV. This study aims to investigate the functional interplay and regulatory mechanisms between HBV and the AU-rich element RNA-binding protein 1 (AUF1). We demonstrate that AUF1 inhibits HBV replication and expression in HBV-infected HepG2-NTCP cells, HepG2 cells cotransfected with prcccDNA and pCMV-Cre plasmids, and HepAD38 cells.

A fungal effector promotes infection via stabilizing a negative regulatory factor of chloroplast immunity.

Chloroplasts are crucial players in immunity and photosynthesis. However, how chloroplasts arrange the transition between photosynthesis and immunity and how pathogens manipulate this transition remains elusive. Here we report an effector SsCm1 from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, one of devastating phytopathogenic fungi, inhibits chloroplast immunity and resistance to pathogens, and alleviates photoinhibition in immune state.

Impact of Family-Centred Continuity of Care on Depression, Anxiety, Self-Esteem, and Quality of Life in Children With Leukemia.

Leukemia is the most prevalent pediatric malignancy and has a significant impact on the psychological, emotional well-being, and quality of life of affected children. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of family-centred continuity of care (FCCC) on the psychological state, self-esteem, and quality of life in children with leukemia. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 243 pediatric leukemia patients admitted to the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University between January 2019 and December 2022.

Protective effect of exercise on metabolic dysfunction‑associated fatty liver disease: Potential epigenetic mechanisms (Review).

Metabolic dysfunction‑associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most prevalent cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and poses a major health burden that is closely linked to obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. While extensive research has elucidated key molecular drivers, no pharmacological therapies have been approved. Emerging evidence highlights the transformative role of physical exercise as a potent nonpharmacological intervention capable of inducing durable metabolic improvements.

Administrative logic of grassroots community epidemic prevention from the perspective of attention allocation: evidence from Wuhan City.

Background: Chinese grassroots governments utilize fewer administrative resources to carry out tasks assigned by higher levels of government. They have refined their attention allocation into two dimensions: intensity and span, and have developed different action models for routine and non-routine tasks. This management style is becoming increasingly common in Chinese grassroots government operations.

The Nonlinear Association Between Catheterisation Duration and Urinary Tract Infection in Patients With Geriatric Hip Fracture: A Retrospective Study.

Aim: To rigorously examine the association between catheterisation duration and urinary tract infections among geriatric patients with hip fractures.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: We analysed data from 872 patients aged 60 years and older, treated at a tertiary care hospital between January 2022 and May 2023.

Transcription Repressor SsGATA2 Regulates Broad-Spectrum Resistance to Fungicides and Pathogenicity in .

The understanding of drug resistance mechanisms beyond increasing drug efflux and modifying drug targets remains limited. Here, we revealed that the GATA-type transcription repressor SsGATA2 negatively regulated the drug resistance of , a devastating phytopathogenic fungus, to various fungicides. In mechanism, the deletion of led to the derepression of the expression of several enzymes responsible for synthesizing cell wall and membrane components, inducing the constitutive thickening of the cell wall and improved cell membrane stability, which eventually prevented fungicides from entering and conferred notable fungicide resistance.

An integrated approach based on FDA adverse event reporting system, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation analysis to study the cardiac adverse reactions and mechanism of action of osimertinib.

Objectives: This study investigates osimertinib-induced cardiac adverse reactions (CAR) using real-world FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) data and explores molecular mechanisms via network pharmacology, molecular docking, and dynamics simulations.

Methods: We analyzed osimertinib-related adverse events from Q4 2015 to Q4 2024 using FAERS data, applying reporting odds ratio (ROR) and Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) methods. Potential CAR targets were identified via PharmMapper, Swiss Target Prediction, and GeneCards.

Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value and Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: This research sought to investigate the connection between pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP).

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 1002 pregnant women who delivered in Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January to February 2024.Their basic information and laboratory values during the second trimester (24-28 weeks of gestation) were collected from medical records and the hospital information management system, and PIV values were calculated.

Diagnosis of uterine diseases by label-free serum SERS fingerprints with machine learning.

Early detection of uterine diseases is critically important for women's reproductive health. Here, we propose a novel and robust serum-based SERS analysis platform that integrates machine learning algorithms. This is the first application of it in the diagnosis and classification of various uterine diseases.

Epigenomic insights into the immune regulatory mechanism of GBP4L in poultry.

High-temperature environments induce heat stress in poultry, leading to compromised immune function and reduced disease resistance. In the Dexamethasone-induced stress-related immune suppression model in chickens, both transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed significantly low expression of GBP4L, highlighting its potential as a key target for combating stress. It is currently unclear whether GBP4L can alleviate the heat stress response in the body.

Safety and Toxicity of Qi-Fu Yin, a Classical Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription: A Nonclinical Research.

Qi-Fu-Yin (QFY) is a classic prescription in traditional Chinese medicine for treating dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease, but its safety has not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety pharmacology and toxicology of QFY extract powder (QFYEP) to provide guidance for clinical trials or applications of QFY and its innovative formulations. The safety pharmacology of QFYEP on the central nervous system and respiratory system and its acute toxicity and 26-week repeated-dose toxicity were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.

Dynamic gold rush optimizer: fusing worker adaptation and salp navigation mechanism for enhanced search.

The Dynamic Gold Rush Optimizer (DGRO) is presented as an advanced variant of the original Gold Rush Optimizer (GRO), addressing its inherent limitations in exploration and exploitation. While GRO has demonstrated efficacy in solving optimization problems, its susceptibility to premature convergence and suboptimal solutions remains a critical challenge. To overcome these limitations, DGRO introduces two novel mechanisms: the Salp Navigation Mechanism (SNM) and the Worker Adaptation Mechanism (WAM).

Case report: late adverse reactions in an epilepsy patient on combination therapy with valproate and lamotrigine.

Background: Late adverse reactions associated with the combined therapy of valproate and lamotrigine are infrequently documented within the Chinese population.

Case Presentation: This case report describes a 54-year-old female patient who developed adverse reactions following long-term therapy with valproate and lamotrigine, with symptoms emerging five months after the final adjustment of her antiseizure regimen. The patient presented with symptoms of dizziness, ataxia, nystagmus, and postural tremors.

Rapid penetrating inactivation and disinfection through ice layers by light-condensed deep ultraviolet LED irradiation.

The longer survival of virus and bacteria under low temperature greatly accelerates the infection risk and duration. How to effectively and rapidly inactivate them beneath ice layer in cold chain logistics has been an important issue never being well studied. Here, we demonstrate a novel light condenser design of high power UVC-LED device for rapid penetrating inactivation through ice layers.

Transcription Factor SsNdt80b Maintains Optimal Expression of SsSNF1 to Modulate Growth and Pathogenicity in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

Microorganisms use versatile strategies to facilitate the colonisation of hosts, through remodelling transcription and metabolism to accommodate growth under harsh and hostile environments. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a typical necrotrophic pathogen that causes Sclerotinia stem rot in more than 700 species, resulting in serious economic losses. How S.

A FOX transcription factor phosphorylated for regulation of autophagy facilitates fruiting body development in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

Autophagy is a recycling process by which eukaryotic cells degrade their own components, and the fruiting body (sexual structure) is a necessary structure for some plant pathogenic fungi to start the infection cycle. However, the transcriptional regulation of plant pathogenic fungal autophagy and autophagy regulating sexual reproduction remains elusive. Here, we provide the report linking autophagy transcription and fruiting body development in phytopathogenic fungi.

Application of Metabolomics and Microbiome Analysis for Revealing the Endogenous Mechanism of Baizhu Xiaozhong San in Postpartum Rats with Spleen-qi Deficiency.

Postpartum women are in a state of physical weakness and suffering from fatigue. Metabolic disturbances in the postpartum period may lead to an increased prevalence of postpartum depression, hemorrhage, and obesity, underscoring the importance of prioritizing maternal health. The combination (Baizhu Xiaozhong San, BZXZS) of charred Koidz.