Changes in pathogenicity of gut microbiota during fasting-induced molting in laying hens and their impact on spleen immune function.

Fasting-induced molting (FIM) leverages the natural molting mechanism of aging laying hens to enhance their egg production and egg quality. However, fasting may also increase the risk of pathogen infection and activate immune regulation in the spleen. Understanding the specific types of pathogen infections triggered during FIM and their impacts on the spleen's immune regulation mechanisms is crucial for enhancing the immunological resilience of poultry.

Benefits of first-pass reperfusion - secondary analysis based on three randomized multicenter trials in China.

Background: First-pass reperfusion (FPR) in stent-retriever thrombectomy is associated with favorable outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients due to large vessel occlusion (LVO). This study systematically evaluated the clinical significance of the FPR in stent-retriever thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke patients.

Methods: A total of 543 patients with acute LVO were enrolled in three prospective, randomized, and multicenter stent thrombectomy trials.

Dose Optimization of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

With the advent of newer treatments such as new molecular targeted agents and immunotherapies, the model that selects therapeutic doses on the basis of the maximum tolerated dose is no longer relevant. The emergence of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy has changed the treatment prospects for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and prolonged the long-term survival of CML patients. However, long-term exposure to TKIs is accompanied by adverse events, which may lead to disease progression and even death.

Unraveling the regulatory mechanisms of fasting-induced molting on follicle development in laying hens.

Fasting-Induced Molting (FIM) has been shown to enhance the laying rate and extend the laying cycle of hens in the late laying period. However, the precise regulatory mechanism underlying FIM's effects on follicle development remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate these mechanisms by utilizing RNA-seq to analyze the gene expression changes during FIM and identify the key genes involved in follicle development, thereby uncovering the molecular pathways through which FIM exerts its regulatory effects.

Intersection of immune signaling and cell death: The bidirectional regulatory mechanism of STING pathway and Ferroptosis.

The STING signaling pathway is a central component of the innate immune system, primarily responsible for sensing cytosolic DNA and triggering type I interferon responses to regulate innate immune signaling. Recent studies have revealed that, beyond its roles in immune responses, inflammation, and infection, STING can also regulate metabolism and cell death through classical or non-classical signaling pathways. Ferroptosis, a unique iron-dependent form of cell death characterized by intracellular iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and infections.

Roles of Immunity and Endogenous Retroelements in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Treatment Strategies.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints. RA usually results in synovial hyperplasia, expansion of "pannus" and destruction of cartilage. The etiology and pathogenesis of RA are not fully understood, but immunity has been shown to play an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases such as RA.

The short-term impacts of COVID-2019 on depressive symptoms and cognitive decline: A community-based cohort study.

Background: Neurological and psychological sequelae may persist after the infection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Depression and cognitive decline could increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: To estimate the impacts of COVID-19 on depressive symptoms and cognitive decline.

Regulation of intestinal health by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG during fasting-induced molting in laying hens.

This study aims to investigate the regulatory effects of adding Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) during the fasting-induced molting (FIM) process on the intestinal mucosal barrier and microbiota of laying hens. A total of 288 houdan chickens of 420 days of age were randomly divided into four groups, with nine replicates in each group and each replicate containing eight chickens: NC group (no LGG added); TB group (LGG was added during the pre-fasting period (F0 period)); TF group (LGG was added during the fasting period (F15 period)); TBF group (LGG was added during both the pre-fasting and fasting periods). The FIM experiment focused on four key time points: F0, F15, the 5th day (R5), and the 30th day (R30) of refeeding.

Exploring the metabolic patterns and response mechanisms of bile acids during fasting: A study with poultry as an example.

Fasting is beneficial to alleviate fatty liver, lose weight and improve reproductive function. However, previous studies have shown that, during fasting, disorders of bile acid metabolism were strongly associated with intestinal inflammation. The physiological and biochemical parameters and gene expression of multiple tissues of chickens at every critical time node were measured by ELISA and qPCR.

Nanotheranostics in Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis: Advanced Research Progress and Future Perspectives.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women worldwide, with bone being the most common site of all metastatic breast cancer. Bone metastases are often associated with pain and skeletal-related events (SREs), indicating poor prognosis and poor quality of life. Most current therapies for breast cancer bone metastasis primarily serve palliative purposes, focusing on pain management, mitigating the risk of bone-related complications, and inhibiting tumor progression.

Enhanced diagnostic capabilities of thromboelastography coupled with standard coagulation indices for predicting perioperative thrombosis in older individuals with hip fractures : TEG coupled with standard coagulation indices for predicting thrombosis in hip fractures.

Background: Deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity is a common and fatal complication of hip fracture in the elderly. However, there is a lack of targeted laboratory diagnostic methods. Although traditional laboratory indicators can provide some reference, the diagnostic efficiency is relatively limited This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracies of thromboelastography (TEG) combined with traditional coagulation parameters for early diagnosis of newly occurring lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in elderly patients with hip fractures.

Associations Between Atherosclerosis and Subsequent Cognitive Decline: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: This study aimed to examine whether baseline atherosclerosis was associated with subsequent short-term domain-specific cognitive decline.

Methods And Results: This research was based on the BRAVE (Beijing Research on Aging and Vessel) study, a population-based prospective cohort study of adults aged 40 to 80 years, free of dementia. At baseline (wave 1, 2019), cognitive assessments and atherosclerosis measures, including carotid intima-media thickness, carotid plaques, coronary artery calcification, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity were conducted.

On-site detection of OTA and AFB1 based on branched hybridization chain reaction coupled with lateral flow assay.

Mycotoxins are widely prevalent in various agricultural commodities, whose excessive consumption can pose significant risks to human health. In this study, we developed a facile mycotoxin detection platform based on branched hybridization chain reaction coupled with lateral flow assay. Ochratoxin A/Aflatoxin B1 bind to aptamers triggering the release of initiators, which leads to bHCR amplification and forms three-dimensional dendritic DNA nanostructures.

Exploring the causal pathway from gut microbiota to polycystic ovary syndrome: A network Mendelian randomization study.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complicated endocrine and metabolic syndrome with unclear pathogenesis. The gut microbiota sheds light on the etiology and pathophysiology of PCOS. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) studies to systematically evaluate the pathological mechanism gut microbiota causally associated with PCOS risk.

Expression feature and prognostic function of a novel immune checkpoint Siglec-15 in human colorectal cancer.

Background: Sialic acid-bound immunoglobulin lectin 15 (Siglec-15) plays an important role in the development of cancer. However, the association between Siglec-15 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been fully investigated.

Methods: In this present study, a number of bioinformatics analyses were performed to provide an overview and detailed characteristics of Siglec-15.

Primary angiosarcoma of the breast: a literature review.

Background And Objective: Primary angiosarcoma of the breast (PBA) is an extremely rare and heterogeneous disease. PBA is difficult to diagnose and has a poor prognosis. In order to better understand the disease and provide evidence-based treatment for PBA patients, a review of the published literature in the English language was conducted.

Fuzzy inference system enabled neural network feedforward compensation for position leap control of DC servo motor.

To improve dynamic performance and steady-state accuracy of position leap control of the direct current (DC) servo motor, a fuzzy inference system (FIS) enabled artificial neural network (ANN) feedforward compensation control method is proposed in this study. In the method, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is used to generate the baseline control law. Then, an ANN identifier is constructed to online learn the reverse model of the DC servo motor system.

The gap between statistical and clinical significance: time to pay attention to clinical relevance in patient-reported outcome measures of insomnia.

Background: Appropriately defining and using the minimal important change (MIC) and the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) are crucial for determining whether the results are clinically significant. The aim of this study is to survey the status of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for insomnia interventions to assess the inclusion and interpretation of MIC/MCID values.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to survey the status of RCTs for insomnia interventions to assess the inclusion and appropriate interpretation of MIC/MCID values.

Association between preoperative proton pump inhibitor use and postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing major surgery.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe postoperative complication in patients undergoing major surgery. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are used preoperatively as prophylaxis for postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding. Whether preoperative PPI use is associated with an increased risk of postoperative AKI remains uncertain.

Integrating depression and acute coronary syndrome care in low resource hospitals in China: the I-CARE randomised clinical trial.

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) often co-occurs with depression, which adversely affects prognosis and increases medical costs, but effective treatment models are lacking, particularly in low-resource settings. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of an ACS and depression integrative care (IC) model compared to usual care (UC) in improving depression symptoms and other health outcomes among patients discharged for ACS in Chinese rural hospitals.

Methods: A multicentre, randomised controlled trial was conducted in sixteen rural county hospitals in China, from October 2014 to March 2017, to recruit consecutively all ACS patients aged 21 years and older after the disease stablised and before discharge.

HCR-Assisted RTF-EXPAR-Based Lateral Flow Analysis for Sensitive Detection of H1N1 Influenza Virus.

The H1N1 influenza virus is a significant pathogen responsible for seasonal influenza, and its frequent outbreaks pose substantial challenges to global public health. The present study successfully developed a lateral flow analysis platform that integrates reverse transcription-free exponential amplification reaction (RTF-EXPAR) and hybridization chain reaction (HCR) processes with functionalized quantum dots for the direct detection of H1N1 influenza virus RNA, eliminating the need for reverse transcription. The fluorescence signal on the band recorded with a smartphone can be utilized for the quantitative determination of the target.

Advancements of CRISPR technology in public health-related analysis.

Pathogens and contaminants in food and the environment present significant challenges to human health, necessitating highly sensitive and specific diagnostic methods. Traditional approaches often struggle to meet these requirements. However, the emergence of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) system has revolutionized nucleic acid diagnostics.

Population Pharmacokinetic Models of Venetoclax in Hematologic Malignancies: A Systematic Review.

Several population pharmacokinetic (PPK) models of B cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) venetoclax (VEN) have been developed and published to characterize the influencing factors of pharmacokinetics in hematologic malignancies. This review described PPK models of VEN examining the magnitude and types of covariate effects in PK parameters, as well as identified areas that require further investigation in order to facilitate their use. Currently, there are six analyses on PPK models of VEN summarized in this review.