Discovery of insect Fairmaire extracts with anti-tyrosinase activity and anti-melanin deposition.

Background: Fairmaire is a medicinal insect that has been used for a long time by minority ethnic groups in Yunnan, China, due to its immunomodulatory function. However, its potential applications in cosmetics have not been reported.

Methods: experiments were used to verify whether the extracts of Fairmaire (EBR) have the effect of inhibiting TYR activity and eliminating melanin deposition.

Arachidonic acid fuels inflammation by unlocking macrophage protein phosphatase 5 after myocardial infarction.

Background And Aims: An overactive inflammatory response and immune cell infiltration following myocardial infarction (MI) impair cardiac tissue repair. This study investigates the mechanistic role of the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic cascade in mediating post-MI inflammation.

Methods: Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis was performed to characterize cardiac macrophage heterogeneity in post-MI mice.

Dynamic surgery video summarization with balancing informativeness and diversity.

Surgery video summarization can help medical professionals quickly gain the insight into the surgical process for the surgical education and skill evaluation. However, existing methods are unable to efficiently summarize information to satisfy medical professionals. Since it is challenging to summarize the video while balancing the information richness and diversity.

Risk factors and predictors of contralateral hip fracture after surgical treatment in elderly patients.

Background: Hip fractures are common in elderly patients, with some experiencing contralateral fractures. Even so, information on predictors of hip fractures in elderly adults is lacking. In this study, we investigated risk factors for contralateral hip fractures after surgical treatment of primary fractures.

Long-read sequencing identifies ATXN3 repeat expansions, and transcriptomics reveals disease progression biomarkers and druggable targets for spinocerebellar ataxia type 3.

Background: Hereditary ataxias (HAs) are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive cerebellar degeneration, with autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) representing the most prevalent subtype. SCA3, the most common form worldwide, is caused by CAG repeat expansions in ATXN3, resulting in pathogenic ataxin-3 aggregation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms driving disease progression remain incompletely understood.

Dual-optical response probe to HSO and HClO via ICT and solvatochromic effects for food and cellular applications.

Sulfite (HSO) and hypochlorous acid (HClO) serve as essential food additives and key raw materials in bleaching agents. However, excessive consumption of these compounds may disrupt cellular redox homeostasis, leading to a series of adverse physical effects. Therefore, the development of reliable analytical methods to detect HSO and HClO levels in food products is of significant importance.

Optimizing pureed diets via texture analysis: A study on the impact of different energy levels and ingredient ratios on nasogastric tube patency.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of different energy levels and ingredient ratios on the nasogastric tube patency of pureed diets, optimizing the formulations to meet the nutritional requirements of elderly nasogastric feeding patients while minimizing tube blockage risk.

Methods: The study followed the guidelines of the "Chinese Resident's Balanced Diet Pyramid" and formulated five different energy levels of pureed diets (900 kcal, 1200 kcal, 1500 kcal, 1800 kcal, and 2100 kcal) using natural food groups. The diets consisted of seven major food categories: cereals and tubers, vegetables, meats, milk, oil, salt, and fruits.

Liberating Exciton Transfer as a Pioneering Strategy to Construct Type I Photosensitizers for Hypoxia Deep-Seated Metastases Suppression.

Type I photosensitizers (PSs) have revolutionized traditional photodynamic therapy for hypoxia tumors by eliminating oxygen dependence. Nevertheless, the current development of Type I PSs faces formidable obstacles stemming from the paucity of universal regulatory strategies that steer molecular systems toward efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through the Type I electron transfer pathway. Herein, we propose the "liberating exciton transfer" strategy to construct a series of Type I PSs (IDMX, X = H, F, Cl, Br) with remarkable generation of superoxide radicals (O ) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH).

Gender Differences in the Effects of Exercise Interventions on Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by memory loss, cognitive decline, and structural brain atrophy. Substantial sex differences have been observed in its incidence, clinical trajectory, and response to treatment. Women are disproportionately affected, exhibiting faster progression and more severe cognitive impairment.

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors: an updated patent review (2019-2024).

Introduction: Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a critical regulator in the pathogenesis of B-cell malignancies, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases. In recent years, BTK inhibitors have been a hot topic in drug development, with promising therapeutic prospects. Six BTK inhibitors have been approved, and several (including PROTAC) are undergoing clinical research.

Comparison of biparameter and multiparameter MRI in detection of clinically significant prostate cancer across PSA stratifications.

Background: The comparative diagnostic performance of biparametric MRI (bpMRI) versus multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) continues to be debated. This study aimed to compare mpMRI and bpMRI in detecting csPCa across prostate-specific antigen (PSA) strata and identify supplementary tools comparable to dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging.

Methods: Images were evaluated using mpMRI-based mp-PI-RADS and bpMRI-based bp-PI-RADS and simplified PI-RADS (S-PI-RADS) schemes.

Light-triggered degradable bridged polysilsesquioxane nanoplatforms for spatiotemporally controlled drug release.

Developing stimuli-responsive nanoplatforms is a promising strategy for controlling the release of targeted molecules. In this study, nitrobenzyl ester was chosen as a photoresponsive moiety to functionalize an organic bridged linker, facilitating the synthesis of a photoresponsive silane, namely 2-nitro-1,3-phenyl bis(methylene mercaptoacetate ester) bridged trimethoxysilane (SMS). Light-triggered degradable bridged polysilsesquioxane nanoparticles (SMPS) were achieved through hydrolysis-condensation reactions using SMS as a precursor in suspension polymerization.

The Failure Rate of Internal Fixation Increases With Sagittal Displacement of the Femoral Head: A Retrospective Study.

Background: The risk of internal fixation failure remains relatively high in stable femoral neck fracture (FNF) (Garden I or II). Preoperative sagittal displacement of the femoral head has been proposed as a potential influencing factor. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of sagittal displacement on the outcomes of cannulated screw internal fixation (CSIF) in patients with stable FNF (Garden I or II) by reconstructing the axial sagittal oblique plane of the fracture using preoperative computed tomography (CT) imaging.

Research on application of multiparametric MRI to predict FNCLCC grading and ki67 expression in soft tissue sarcoma biopsy pathology: Based on a CT-MRI fusion image registration method.

Objective: To investigate an biopsy method based on CT-MRI fusion image registration and evaluate its value for improving the accuracy of preoperative core needle biopsies(CNBs) histological grading in soft tissue sarcoma (STS)and determining the correlation between multiparametric MRI(mp MRI) and both STS French Federation of Cancer Center (FNCLCC) grading and the Ki-67 labeling index (LI).

Methods: 32 STS patients were enrolled prospectively and underwent 3.0T MRI, Diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) and Hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H MRS) examination, then underwent a preoperative CT guided CNBs that was confirmed by subsequent surgery.

How Foraging Mode Sculpts Sensory Systems: Morphological Evidence From DiceCT and Histology in Sympatric Lizards.

The relationship between foraging modes and sensory system morphology is critical for understanding the ecological and evolutionary adaptations of lizards. This study investigates the nasal olfactory system (NOS) and vomeronasal system (VNS) of four sympatric lizards from the Turpan Basin, China, which exhibit distinct foraging strategies: the active foraging (Lacertidae), the sit-and-wait foraging (Agamidae) and (Gekkonidae), and the seasonally frugivorous (Sphaerodactylidae), which adopts active foraging during fruit-searching. Using diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DiceCT) and histological sections, we compared the morphology and histology of their NOS and VNS.

Therapeutic Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Diabetic Neuropathy; Challenges and Future Prospective.

Diabetes, a collection of metabolic syndromes, is a significant global health issue. One of the most prevalent microvascular complications of diabetes that is linked to excessive blood sugar levels is diabetic neuropathy (DN). DN frequently necessitates prolonged therapy and may persist following treatment, which could have a negative impact on the individual's quality of life.

Anti-disturbance motion control of servo motors: An adaptive sliding-mode approach with disturbance observer compensation.

This research presents a novel adaptive sliding-mode disturbance observer (NASMDO) with an adaptive non-singular terminal sliding-mode control (ANTSMC) method to solve the problem of time-varying disturbances and achieve high-accuracy control for servomotor systems. Firstly, an adaptive disturbance observer is designed using motor velocity information. Secondly, a sliding-mode-assisted term is designed with position information to estimate the residual disturbance observation error.

Teleost-specific TLR25/MyD88 signaling promotes K63-linked ubiquitination of IRF1 to induce IFNa gene expression.

Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) serves as the primary transcription factor responsible for inducing interferon a (IFNa) gene expression in teleost fish. While mammalian IRF1 is known to be unstable due to ubiquitin-mediated degradation, its function critically dependents on stability regulation by upstream signals. However, the mechanisms governing the protein stability of IRF1 remain unexplored in teleost fish.

Comprehensive analysis of risk factors associated with carotid plaque in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Carotid atherosclerosis is a common complication in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is closely associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events.

Aim: To identify the key demographic, clinical, and biochemical factors associated with carotid plaque formation in T2DM patients and evaluate their predictive value.

Methods: This retrospective study included 266 T2DM patients (control group, = 158; observation group, = 108) recruited between January 2021 and July 2024.

Molecular engineering of ultra-strong acidic NIR probes for real-time pharmacodynamic profiling of antacid drugs via in vivo gastric acid imaging.

Gastric acid dynamics play a pivotal role in diagnosing gastrointestinal disorders, yet conventional pH monitoring methods, including invasive endoscopy and gastric acid aspiration tests, suffer from poor patient compliance, delayed feedback, and inability to assess drug efficacy in real time. To address these limitations, we developed Si-3Py, a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent organic small-molecule probe with ultra-acidic pH responsiveness (pKa = 2.32) and exceptional photostability.

Effects of lavender essential oil inhalation aromatherapy on postoperative sleep quality in patients with intracranial tumors: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of lavender essential oil (LEO) on postoperative sleep quality and perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) in patients with intracranial tumors.

Patients And Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial in which all patients were randomly assigned to either the control group, which received no intervention, or the experimental group, which received LEO. Postoperative sleep quality was assessed using a dedicated sleep monitor.

[Application of a standardized rehabilitation process in correction of adult clubfoot with Ilizarov technique].

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of applying a standardized rehabilitation process in correction of adult clubfoot with the Ilizarov technique.

Methods: Thirty-eight adult patients who underwent orthopedic treatment with Ilizarov technique for clubfoot between August 2022 and December 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into a study group and a control group with 19 cases in each group according to the different rehabilitation management processes and methods.

[QIN Sihe's surgical strategy combined with Ilizarov technique for treating foot and ankle deformities on verge of amputation].

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of QIN Sihe's surgical strategy combined with Ilizarov technique in treating foot and ankle deformities on the verge of amputation.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 56 patients (62 feet) with foot and ankle deformities on the verge of amputation treated with QIN Sihe's surgical strategy and Ilizarov technique between May 2010 and December 2020. Among them, there were 39 males and 17 females.

SIRPα extracellular domain shed from neutrophils by ADAM10 aggravates sepsis via initiating nitric oxide release from erythrocyte.

Introduction: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition with a high mortality rate, yet its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

Objectives: This study investigates the role of the cleaved extracellular domain of signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα-ex) in the pathogenesis of sepsis.

Methods: The presence of shed SIRPα-ex was examined in the circulation of septic mice and patients.